The situation appears to have improved somewhat in Xenial. The
net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 sysctl appears to have become a no-op in
recent kernels, so when 10-ipv6-privacy.conf gets applied during the
bootup sequence (by systemd-sysctl.service) it does *not* change the
effective per-device setting for already existing devices (which
defaults to 0).

However, devices that show up later in the boot process, the
10-ipv6-privacy.conf-set value of net/ipv6/conf/default/disable_ipv6 is
inherited, so privacy extensions remain enabled by default for
userspace-created devices.

Finally, NetworkManager will by default bounce the disable_ipv6 sysctl
on devices it's bringing up. That seems to cause the device's
use_tempaddr sysctl to be re-inherited from
net/ipv6/conf/default/disable_ipv6, ensuring the setting from
10-ipv6-privacy.conf is applied.

In summary, the following seems to be true in Xenial:

- Physical kernel-plumbed interfaces (e.g., "eth0") managed through 
interfaces(5): Privacy extensions disabled by default.
- Physical kernel-plumbed interfaces (e.g., "eth0") managed through 
NetworkManager(8): Privacy extensions enabled by default.
- User-space created interfaces (e.g., "bond0" or "vlan123"), regardless of 
management method: Privacy extensions enabled by default.

Another thing worth noting is that the version of NetworkManager shipped
by Xenial uses RFC7217 Interface IDs by default. These are randomly
generated and do not leak MAC addresses, yet they are stable on any
given link/network. They will change when the link prefix changes, thus
preventing tracking between networks. So where NetworkManager is used,
there is IMHO very little rationale remaining for enabling RFC 4941
privacy extensions by default.

https://blogs.gnome.org/lkundrak/2015/12/03/networkmanager-and-privacy-
in-the-ipv6-internet/

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1068756

Title:
  IPv6 Privacy Extensions enabled on Ubuntu Server by default

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