Let me add a "research" bump to this - the black screen also happens if
you're trying to use the built-in Desktop Sharing functionality in
16.04.1 as well, and (at any point) you switch user accounts.

It seems to really boil down to switching user accounts and the lock
screen; it's not just an x11vnc issue but again also happens to a
stock/up to date 16.04.1 machine even with just 1 user account after
enabling Desktop Sharing.

Here's how to reproduce:
1) Enable Desktop Sharing, options don't really matter here. (You can give 
view-only, or you can allow control.) Confirming access, password, none of this 
matters.

1a) If you're connecting from a Windows machine using TightVNC Viewer, RealVNC 
Viewer, or UltraVNC Viewer, you'll have to disable encryption on the Ubuntu 
host. Simplest way to do this is pull up Terminal (admin/root not required) and 
execute: gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false
Otherwise your Windows client will not understand the encryption and fail to 
connect. (See also: 
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/07/remote-access-ubuntu-16-04/)

2) Connect to the Ubuntu [shared] host; I've used both RealVNC Viewer
and UltraVNC Viewer.

3) After connecting and having the Ubuntu host in a VNC connection
window, with control (or at the Ubuntu host keyboard), switch to the
'Guest Session' user. [You don't even need more than 1 user on the
machine, just switch to a Guest Session.]

4) Your VNC window will now either still show the user's desktop (as it
was) but it will be static and you will not be able to manipulate it

* OR *

Your VNC window will now be a black, blank screen.

Your Ubuntu host, however, will be at the Guest Session user screen.

Whether you disconnect and re-connect with your VNC application, it does
not matter. You still have a static or black screen you cannot do
anything with.

5) Log out of the Guest Session, which will return you to the lock
screen where you can enter your user account's password. If you connect
prior to logging in with your VNC client, you'll still have a
static/black screen. However, after you type the user password to re-log
in to the desktop at the Ubuntu host, you will be able to control (or
view) from the VNC guest again.

I was hoping to use Desktop Sharing in lieu of using a different VNC
Server in 16.04.1, however, that will obviously not work.

I have also tested this in Ubuntu MATE 16.04.1 and found all the above
is still true.

Maybe I'm spoiled in Windows world, using UltraVNC Server on my Win7
boxes and being able to switch from user account to user account with no
issues (other than a slight delay while the Windows login/user switch
screen comes up and goes away). Maybe this is something out of spec for
what Ubuntu is capable of.

I just wanted to share this in the hopes that a fix is finally found,
since again, this is NOT only related to x11vnc as I think people
initially thought. In that regard, if I need to post a new thread for
this bug somewhere else, or my post needs to be moved accordingly, feel
free to do so.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1287171

Title:
  light-locker breaks x11vnc as service

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