Public bug reported:

nate@frontier:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.10
Release:        16.10
Codename:       yakkety

I had installed Exim4 MTA.  I had a problem in Exim4 unrelated to the
dpkg error.  I reinstalled Exim4 MTA and became entangled in dependency
hell.  This always happens with Exim4.  Dpkg does something to get
confused.  This is very much a bug.  Postfix is not an option.  I have
another vm running Exim4 at the moment, but would like to get Exim4
running on the Ubuntu machine.

I tried following this howto to solve it and that failed;
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2309546

Here is the output of trying to reinstall;

nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt install exim4
[sudo] password for nate: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-4.8.0-22 linux-headers-4.8.0-22-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-26
  linux-headers-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.8.0-26-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
Suggested packages:
  eximon4 exim4-doc-html | exim4-doc-info spf-tools-perl swaks
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,638 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,780 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/main amd64 exim4-config all 
4.87-3ubuntu1 [302 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/main amd64 exim4-base amd64 
4.87-3ubuntu1 [884 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/main amd64 exim4-daemon-light 
amd64 4.87-3ubuntu1 [444 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/main amd64 exim4 all 
4.87-3ubuntu1 [7,872 B]
Fetched 1,638 kB in 14s (112 kB/s)                                             
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package exim4-config.
(Reading database ... 427338 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-exim4-config_4.87-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking exim4-config (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package exim4-base.
Preparing to unpack .../1-exim4-base_4.87-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking exim4-base (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package exim4-daemon-light.
Preparing to unpack .../2-exim4-daemon-light_4.87-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking exim4-daemon-light (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package exim4.
Preparing to unpack .../3-exim4_4.87-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking exim4 (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up exim4-config (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
exim: failed to find uid for user name "Debian-exim"
Invalid new configfile /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp, not installing 
/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp to /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated
dpkg: error processing package exim4-config (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of exim4-base:
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.82) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is not configured yet.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package exim4-base (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup 
error from a previous failure.
                          No apport report written because the error message 
indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                    dpkg: dependency problems 
prevent configuration of exim4:
 exim4 depends on exim4-base (>= 4.87-3ubuntu1); however:
  Package exim4-base is not configured yet.
 exim4 depends on exim4-base (<< 4.87-3ubuntu1.1); however:
  Package exim4-base is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package exim4 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
Processing 3 added doc-base files...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Processing triggers for systemd (231-9ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of exim4-daemon-light:
 exim4-daemon-light depends on exim4-base (>= 4.87); however:
  Package exim4-base is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package exim4-daemon-light (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were 
encountered while processing:
 exim4-config
 exim4-base
 exim4
 exim4-daemon-light
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


Here are some things I tried;

nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4
[sudo] password for nate: 
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease                    
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/atareao/atareao/ubuntu yakkety InRelease        
Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease                    
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates InRelease [102 kB]   
Hit:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/stellarium/stellarium-releases/ubuntu yakkety 
InRelease
Hit:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76-dev/stable/ubuntu yakkety InRelease    
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Fetched 204 kB in 1s (191 kB/s)   
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-4.8.0-22 linux-headers-4.8.0-22-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-26
  linux-headers-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.8.0-26-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 8 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 628 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --remove exim4
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove exim4, only the config
 files of which are on the system; use --purge to remove them too
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge exim4
(Reading database ... 427523 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4 (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Purging configuration files for exim4 (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
nate@frontier:~$ dpkg -l | grep exim4
iU  exim4-base                                      4.87-3ubuntu1               
                amd64        support files for all Exim MTA (v4) packages
iF  exim4-config                                    4.87-3ubuntu1               
                all          configuration for the Exim MTA (v4)
iU  exim4-daemon-light                              4.87-3ubuntu1               
                amd64        lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge exim4-base
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of exim4-base:
 exim4-daemon-light depends on exim4-base (>= 4.87).

dpkg: error processing package exim4-base (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 exim4-base
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge exim4-config
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of exim4-config:
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.82) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.82) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.

dpkg: error processing package exim4-config (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 exim4-config
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge --force-remove-reinstreq exim4-base
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of exim4-base:
 exim4-daemon-light depends on exim4-base (>= 4.87).

dpkg: error processing package exim4-base (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 exim4-base
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge --force-remove-reinstreq exim4-daemon-light
(Reading database ... 50%
(Reading database ... 427523 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4-daemon-light (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Purging configuration files for exim4-daemon-light (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
nate@frontier:~$ 
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge --force-remove-reinstreq exim4-config
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of exim4-config:
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.82) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.82) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.

dpkg: error processing package exim4-config (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 exim4-config
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge --force-remove-reinstreq exim4-base
(Reading database ... 427495 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4-base (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Purging configuration files for exim4-base (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
Processing 3 removed doc-base files...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Processing triggers for systemd (231-9ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --purge --force-remove-reinstreq exim4-config
(Reading database ... 427422 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4-config (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
Purging configuration files for exim4-config (4.87-3ubuntu1) ...
dpkg-statoverride: warning: no override present
dpkg: warning: while removing exim4-config, directory '/var/lib/exim4' not 
empty so not removed
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security InRelease [102 kB]    
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/atareao/atareao/ubuntu yakkety InRelease        
Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease                    
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates InRelease [102 kB]   
Hit:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/stellarium/stellarium-releases/ubuntu yakkety 
InRelease
Hit:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76-dev/stable/ubuntu yakkety InRelease    
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Fetched 306 kB in 0s (310 kB/s)   
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-4.8.0-22 linux-headers-4.8.0-22-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-26
  linux-headers-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-4.8.0-26-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.8.0-26-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4-config
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4-base
nate@frontier:~$ sudo apt-get clean exim4-daemon-light
nate@frontier:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 16.10
Package: dpkg 1.18.10ubuntu1
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.8.0-30.32-generic 4.8.6
Uname: Linux 4.8.0-30-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.3-0ubuntu8
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: Unity
Date: Fri Dec  9 22:23:45 2016
ProcEnviron:
 LANGUAGE=en_US
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: dpkg
UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to yakkety on 2016-10-17 (54 days ago)

** Affects: dpkg (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New


** Tags: amd64 apport-bug dpkg exim4 mta yakkety

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1648934

Title:
  Dpkg fails to reinstall MTA Exim4 due to dependency errors; E: Sub-
  process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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