I tried the advice given on
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RemoveOldKernels, but it mostly
doesn't work.  For example, "apt-get autoremove --purge" removed zero
kernels.  To install "purge-old-kernels" would require installing like
60 dependencies of "bikeshed", which seems unreasonable.

I think part of the problem is that the tools behave differently
depending on who installed a kernel, but /boot gets full based on the
number of kernels, not who installed them.  My machine (a netbook) is
basically never left on long enough to run an unattended upgrade, so I
run upgrades manually.  That means basically every kernel was manually
installed, so something that removes only automatically installed
kernels is 0% useful.  In the real world the problem is disk space, not
assigning blame for who installed a given kernel!  Any process that
installs new kernels without deleting old kernels will eventually fill
up a finite-sized /boot.  Any solution that doesn't address the sad fact
of the finiteness of /boot will leave some people, probably the most
inexpert, stuck.  I personally can manually grub around and remove
kernels, so this is only annoying, not show-stopping, but I think we
have lots of evidence that it is show-stopping for some people, which
suggests that there are many more people out there who don't know how to
complain who are also injured.

Bottom line: /boot is finite, so anybody who installs a kernel without
deleting a kernel is doing something that will sink somebody's ship.
Given that lots of machines out there are clogged by the old maintenance
processes, any solution that doesn't explicitly address how to un-clog a
machine clogged by the previous solutions isn't really a solution.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1357093

Title:
  Kernels not autoremoving, causing out of space error on LVM or
  Encrypted installation or on any installation, when /boot partition
  gets full

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