In 18.04 I was able to configure the modem properly using following
steps:

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ uname -a
Linux XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3 5.0.0-23-generic #24~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jul 
29 16:12:28 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Step 1: Check if the LTE module is properly detected by the NetworkManager

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ mmcli -L
    /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/0 [HP] HP lt4120 Snapdragon X5 LTE

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ mmcli -m 0

  --------------------------
  General  |      dbus path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/0
           |      device id: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
  --------------------------
  Hardware |   manufacturer: HP
           |          model: HP lt4120 Snapdragon X5 LTE
           |       revision: T77W595.F0.0.0.3.4.GC.020  1  [Jul 01 2015 
06:00:00]
           |   h/w revision: V055
           |      supported: gsm-umts, lte
           |                 cdma-evdo, lte
           |                 lte
           |                 cdma-evdo, gsm-umts, lte
           |        current: cdma-evdo, gsm-umts, lte
           |   equipment id: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
  --------------------------
  System   |         device: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3
           |        drivers: qmi_wwan
           |         plugin: Generic
           |   primary port: cdc-wdm0
           |          ports: cdc-wdm0 (qmi), wwp0s20f0u3i1 (net)
  --------------------------
  Numbers  |            own: XXXXXXXXXXXXX
  --------------------------
  Status   |           lock: sim-pin2
           | unlock retries: sim-pin (3), sim-pin2 (3), sim-puk (10), sim-puk2 
(10)
           |          state: connected
           |    power state: on
           |    access tech: lte
           | signal quality: 49% (recent)
  --------------------------
  Modes    |      supported: allowed: 2g; preferred: none
           |                 allowed: 3g; preferred: none
           |                 allowed: 2g, 3g; preferred: 3g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 3g; preferred: 2g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 4g; preferred: 4g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 4g; preferred: 2g
           |                 allowed: 3g, 4g; preferred: 3g
           |                 allowed: 3g, 4g; preferred: 4g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: 4g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: 3g
           |                 allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: 2g
           |        current: allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: 4g
  --------------------------
  Bands    |      supported: egsm, dcs, pcs, g850, utran-1, utran-4, utran-5, 
utran-8, 
           |                 utran-2, eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, 
eutran-5, eutran-7, 
           |                 eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, 
eutran-20, cdma-bc0, 
           |                 cdma-bc1
           |        current: egsm, dcs, pcs, g850, utran-1, utran-4, utran-5, 
utran-8, 
           |                 utran-2, eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, 
eutran-5, eutran-7, 
           |                 eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, 
eutran-20, cdma-bc0, 
           |                 cdma-bc1
  --------------------------
  IP       |      supported: ipv4, ipv6, ipv4v6
  --------------------------
  3GPP     |           imei: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
           |    operator id: 23203
           |  operator name: HoT
           |   registration: home
  --------------------------
  CDMA     |           meid: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
           |            esn: XXXXXXXX
           |     activation: not-activated
  --------------------------
  SIM      |      dbus path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/0
  --------------------------
  Bearer   |      dbus path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/0


Step 2: (only necessary, if no LTE module is detected under Step 1) Get the the 
vendor and product ID of the LTE module

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID XXXX:YYYY ZZZZZZ
Bus 001 Device 006: ID XXXX:YYYY ZZZZZZ
Bus 001 Device 005: ID XXXX:YYYY ZZZZZZ
Bus 001 Device 007: ID XXXX:YYYY ZZZZZZ
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 03f0:9d1d Hewlett-Packard 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID XXXX:YYYY ZZZZZZ


Step 3: (only necessary, if no LTE module is detected under Step 1) Create a 
specific udev rules file (e.g., 99-hp-lt4120.rules) under /etc/udev/rules.d/

ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="mbim_to_qmi_rules_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="usb|drivers", GOTO="mbim_to_qmi_rules_end"

# force HP lt4120 to configuration #1
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", \
ATTR{idVendor}=="03f0", ATTR{idProduct}=="9d1d", \
ATTR{bConfigurationValue}="1"

# load qmi_wwan module
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", \
ATTR{idVendor}=="03f0", ATTR{idProduct}=="9d1d", \
RUN+="/sbin/modprobe -b qmi_wwan"

# add the new id in the qmi_wwan driver
SUBSYSTEM=="drivers", \
ENV{DEVPATH}=="/sys/bus/usb/drivers/qmi_wwan", \
ATTR{new_id}="03f0 9d1d"

# load qcserial module
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", \
ATTR{idVendor}=="03f0", ATTR{idProduct}=="9d1d", \
RUN+="/sbin/modprobe -b qcserial"

# add the new id in the qcserial driver
SUBSYSTEM=="drivers", \
ENV{DEVPATH}=="/sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/qcserial", \
ATTR{new_id}="03f0 9d1d"
LABEL="mbim_to_qmi_rules_end"

Step 3: (only necessary, if no LTE module is detected under Step 1)
Power off and reboot. Now the LTE module should be visible in the
NetworkManager as "disabled".

Step 4: (only necessary, if the "Status" (see Step 1) of the LTE module
is not connected) Check if the LTE module can be enabled and connected

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ sudo mmcli -m 0 --enable
successfully enabled the modem
XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$sudo mmcli -m 0 --simple-connect="pin=XXXX"
successfully connected the modem

Step 5: Create a connection for your specific provider (see
https://docs.ubuntu.com/core/en/stacks/network/network-manager/docs
/configure-cellular-connections for further details)

e.g., for provider "HOT" in Austria

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ nmcli c add type gsm ifname cdc-wdm0 con-name 
HOT apn webaut 
XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ nmcli r wwan on

Step 6: (If needed) disable auto-connection

XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ nmcli c modify HOT autoconnect no
XXX@XXX-HP-EliteBook-840-G3:~$ nmcli c down HOT

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1574582

Title:
  HP lt4120 Snapdragon X5 LTE USB modem not recognized by network-
  manager

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