I've managed to create a procedure that duplicates this problem without
the involvement of MAAS, except for one file pulled from MAAS. The
procedure is awkward, but it reproduces the problem. Here's the
procedure:

1) Ensure that Secure Boot is enabled.
2) Install Ubuntu. (I used 20.04 LTS server.)
3) Retrieve shimx64.efi from a MAAS server
   (/var/lib/maas/boot-resources/current/grubx64.efi). I'm appending
   a copy of the file I used to this bug report.
4) sudo mkdir /boot/efi/EFI/foo
5) sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/foo/
6) Copy the grubx64.efi retrieved from step #3 to /boot/efi/EFI/foo.
7) sudo efibootmgr -c -l \\EFI\\foo\\shimx64.efi -L "Secondary GRUB"
8) Reboot. A grub> prompt should appear, from shimx64.efi in the EFI/foo
   directory on the ESP.
9) Type "set root='(hd0,gpt1)'"
10) Type "chainloader /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi"
11) Type "boot". The messages noted in the initial bug report should
    appear and the system should halt.

Note that some disk references may need to be adjusted on some systems
-- (hd0,gpt1) is the ESP, and the efibootmgr command assumes the ESP is
/dev/sda1 from within Ubuntu.

Interestingly, substituting grubx64.efi for shimx64.efi in step #10
results in a successful boot, which may be a simple workaround from
within MAAS -- if MAAS's configuration is changed to bypass the second
shimx64.efi, it may work better.

** Attachment added: "grubx64.efi from a MAAS server"
   
https://bugs.launchpad.net/maas/+bug/1865515/+attachment/5380059/+files/grubx64.efi

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1865515

Title:
  Chainbooting from grub over the network to local shim breaks chain of
  trust

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