I'm seeing something similar on an ASUS desktop PC (AMD socket FM2,
DDR3) which already has a few dual-boot options installed. I'm trying to
install groovy 20.10 using Ubiquity from the live CD/DVD/USB. The
installer goes through most of its paces, until it tries to install
GRUB. It then dies with a pop-up box:

Error installing grub-efi-amd64-signed

installed grub-efi-amd64-signed package post-installation script
subprocess returned error exit status 1


Attempting to install the package manually from a live desktop terminal window 
also fails, with:

$ sudo su -
# chroot /target
# apt install grub-efi-amd64

giving:

Setting up grub-efi-amd64 (2.04-1ubuntu35.1) ...
Installing grub to /boot/efi.
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: warning: Cannot read EFI Boot* variables.
grub-install: warning: read_file: could not read from file: Input/output error.
grub-install: warning: vars_get_variable: 
read_file(/sys/firmware/efi/vars/Boot000C-8be4df61-93ca-11d2-aa0d-00e098032b8c/raw_var)
 failed
: Input/output error.
grub-install: warning: efi_get_variable: ops->get_variable failed: Input/output 
error.
grub-install: error: failed to register the EFI boot entry: Input/output error.


The workaround seems to be, while the installer is stopped at the error message 
box but still open, launching a terminal window from the live desktop and 
mounting efivarfs manually. At that point, apt may be used to install the 
package, install grub, apt upgrade everything to the current release... 
whatever.

 sudo su -
 chroot /mount/target
 sh -c "mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars; grub-install; 
update-grub;
 apt install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64-signed

After that, I was able to reboot into Ubuntu 20.10 (groovy) from the
internal SSD.

Without that, I could try the installer any number of times and it would
always fail the same way.

bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=933523 looks to be related

bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2-signed/+bug/1874315 might be as
well?

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1905522

Title:
  Error in fresh install of Ubuntu 20.10 package grub-efi-amd64-signed
  1.155.1+2.04-1ubuntu35.1 failed

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