I've made some progress with debugging.

- the account hadmut1 is created if the identity:-section is completely
removed from user-data, so identity is not 'optional', but exclusive.

- it does not exist immediately when the first boot prompt comes, it is
delayed. You have to wait until you see around one and a half screens
full of log messages

- I could log in only over ssh and ssh-key with additional kvm option
-nic user,model=virtio,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22, not with password, because
I had copied the password entry from the identity section to use the
default 'ubuntu' password. Doesn't work, because in the
identity:-section the password entry tag is password:, while in the
users section it is passwd: . If you name it password:, it is not found
and thus not set.

- even if the password is given with the passwd: tag, it is not possible
to login with that password, because the entry in /etc/shadow looks like
this:

hadmut1:!$6$exDY1mhS4KUYCE/2$zmn9ToZwTKLhCw.b4/b.ZRTIZM30JZ4QrOQ2aOXJ8yk96xpcCof0kxKwuX1kqLG/ygbJ1f8wxED22bTL4F46P0:18728:0:99999:7:::


Note the ! the hash begins with. That's inhibiting password use. However, the 
account is not completely locked, since login with ssh is still possible. 

I found by googling, that there is an additional field

lock_passwd: true

which might have a default value of true. I'll check this.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1923045

Title:
  cloud-init  + installer not creating user accounts

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