Hi Frank,
I was trying to grasp the exact details that you are describing and giving this 
another repro run. You are saying
  bullseye armhf chroot @ focal on an x86 host
is failing for you, correct?

Note: We have just fixed a similar (only on the surface of it) issue in
Impish (bug 1947860).

Repro on Focal:

Note: As Host I was using a new VM based on the current daily focal
cloud image which is based on 5.4.0-90-generic.

$ apt install qemu-user-static debootstrap
$ sudo qemu-debootstrap --arch=arm64 bullseye bullseye-arm64 
http://ftp.debian.org/debian
# and in another terminal
$ sudo qemu-debootstrap --arch=armhf bullseye bullseye-armhf 
http://ftp.debian.org/debian

For me as of the test today armhf worked and arm64 failed.

$ tail -n 2  bullseye-arm64/debootstrap/debootstrap.log
qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped
Segmentation fault (core dumped)


I was fetching TJs test script from https://iam.tj/projects/misc/binfmt-check 
and running it in the chroots. In the partially failing arm64 chroot all that 
is a bit tricky and might need reruns.

The magic in both cases matches:

ubuntu@f-emuarmhf-1928075:~$ python3 binfmt-check qemu-aarch64 
bullseye-arm64/sbin/ldconfig 
target_file=bullseye-arm64/sbin/ldconfig
octets=20
  mask=ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff
target=7f454c460201010300000000000000000300b700
result=7f454c460201010000000000000000000200b700
 magic=7f454c460201010000000000000000000200b700
Matches magic
ubuntu@f-emuarmhf-1928075:~$ python3 binfmt-check qemu-arm 
bullseye-armhf/sbin/ldconfig 
target_file=bullseye-armhf/sbin/ldconfig
octets=20
  mask=ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff
target=7f454c4601010103000000000000000002002800
result=7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
 magic=7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
Matches magic


Then I tried 1:6.0+dfsg-2expubuntu1.1~backport20.04-202111060014~ubuntu20.04.1 
from https://launchpad.net/~canonical-server/+archive/ubuntu/server-backports

With the qemu-user-static package from that indeed armhf and arm64 works.
Magic handling stays the same


We had quite some binfmt changes in 6.1 and 5.2, but quite maybe as reported in 
comment #15 even qemu 5.0 would have been enough. After all 4.2-3 (just after 
focal) did switch the registration of binfmts.

This case certainly can be considered confirmed now, the questions for
now is if that was the actual qemu code, or the surrounding
changes/fixups to binfmt handling.

P.S. /me hopes this problem will not again become as eluding as it was
before ...

Unless someone can directly point to a fix I think I need to build a
series of PPAs to bisect through that a bit until we have an idea what
the fix really was.

** Changed in: qemu (Ubuntu Focal)
       Status: Incomplete => Confirmed

** Tags added: server-next

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1928075

Title:
  Segfault with qemu-aarch64-static  doing debootstrap  for debian
  bullseye but not buster

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