I just experienced this error during a normal update while using 21.10.

The update failed and using 
apt install --fix-broken systemd-sysv
or
apt install --fix-broken systemd
triggered the error as shown above.

I found that the binary systemd-machine-id-setup, which causes the error
was installed two times on my system, in /usr/bin and in /bin. The
version in /usr/bin included the dependency on libsystemd-shared-247.so,
which is not available. The version in /bin has the correct dependency
on libsystemd-shared-248.so. In my PATH /usr/bin is before /bin.

After removing /usr/bin/systemd-machine-id-setup I was able to do
apt install systemd systemd-sysv

When doing this I got additional warnings concerning the binaries:
/usr/bin/journalctl
/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles
related to libsystemd-shared-247.so.

Again both are available in /usr/ as well and are correct there. So I
removed them too.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1952191

Title:
  package systemd 248.3-1ubuntu8 failed to install/upgrade: installed
  systemd package post-installation script subprocess returned error
  exit status 127

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