This affected me on 2026-11-01 too. My case matches comment #4, but the
transaction came from PackageKit instead of the apt command line, so
desktop users updating through the GUI also hit this.

System: Ubuntu 26.04.1 desktop, amd64, apt 3.2.0 (APT::Solver "3.0", the
default), packagekit 1.3.4-3ubuntu1.2, GeForce RTX 3070 Ti with nvidia-
driver-595-open 595.99.02. virtualbox-7.2 7.2.20-175154~Ubuntu~resolute
is installed from Oracle's .deb, and its control data includes
"Recommends: ... linux-image". No GKE metapackage is installed.

From /var/log/apt/history.log:

  Start-Date: 2026-11-01  12:15:34
  Commandline: packagekit role='update-packages'
  Install: linux-modules-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-image-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-headers-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-main-modules-v4l2loopback-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-tools-7.0.0-42:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), linux-image-7.0.0-1008-gke:amd64 
(7.0.0-1008.9), linux-tools-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-headers-7.0.0-42:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), linux-modules-7.0.0-1008-gke:amd64 
(7.0.0-1008.9), linux-main-modules-zfs-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42), 
linux-modules-nvidia-595-open-7.0.0-42-generic:amd64 (7.0.0-42.42)

From /var/log/apt/term.log:

  Setting up linux-image-7.0.0-1008-gke (7.0.0-1008.9) ...
  I: /boot/vmlinuz is now a symlink to vmlinuz-7.0.0-1008-gke
  I: /boot/initrd.img is now a symlink to initrd.img-7.0.0-1008-gke

With GRUB_DEFAULT=0 the next boot came up on 7.0.0-1008-gke. That kernel
had no NVIDIA module, so nvidia-smi failed to reach the driver and the
GPU fell back to nouveau. The transaction did not upgrade
virtualbox-7.2; it was already installed, and the GKE kernel arrived
alongside the 7.0.0-38 to 7.0.0-42 ABI bump, which fits the trigger
described in #4.

I removed linux-image-7.0.0-1008-gke and linux-modules-7.0.0-1008-gke,
ran update-grub and rebooted; 7.0.0-42-generic and the NVIDIA driver
work again. I have now set APT::Solver "internal". I haven't yet
confirmed that this setting also changes what PackageKit installs, and
will report back after the next kernel update.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2169247

Title:
  virtualbox-7.2 Recommends: linux-image causes APT to install arbitrary
  cloud kernel flavours

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