I was using the how-to referenced by the OP.  I was also using this one
on certificates.

https://help.ubuntu.com/9.04/serverguide/C/certificates-and-
security.html

What got me messed up was a small, but important point that got lost
between the two how-tos.  The LDAP how-to takes advantage of the group
ssl-cert which has read privileges on /etc/ssl/private.  They had the
nifty idea of putting the openldap account into the ssc-cert group.

The certificate how-to says to put the key into the /etc/ssl/private.
This is fine, but while the /etc/ssl/private folder was readable by
openldap, the new copied keyfile was not.  Unfortunately for me (and
probably others) the only error I got was the one the OP was also
getting.

A trick I discovered can help:

become root:             sudo -i
become openldap:    su openldap
check priviledges:     cat /etc/ssl/private/nameofmyserver.key

It helped me track down the answer.

-- 
ldap tls refusing to initialize
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/420277
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