Also note that the first one will always redirect to the root of the target domain, but the second one will redirect to the same page on the target domain.

First one:
(taking Daniel's comment in to account)

/example redirects to http://www.domain.com/

Second one:

/example redirects to http://www.domain.com/example

First one is using mod_alias[1], second one is using mod_rewrite[2]. Mod rewrite has more flexibility and can handle complex situations, for simple cases mod_alias is easier to use.

1 - https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_alias.html
2 - https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html

On 26/06/2017 14:29, Daniel wrote:
Note the first one (the redirect) will probably redirect incorrectly,
target should end with a trailing slash.

Golden rule: if souce ends in trailing slash, target must also end in
trailing slash.

2017-06-26 21:23 GMT+02:00 Eric Covener <cove...@gmail.com>:
On Mon, Jun 26, 2017 at 3:16 PM, David Mehler <dave.meh...@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm using apache 2.4. What is the difference between these lines?

Redirect permanent / http://www.domain.com
     RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R,L]

Nothing really, when you add the 'R' flag you're asking mod_rewrite to
redirect instead of performing an internal rewrite of the URL or file
path.

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