Hi all,
I just started using Jena and so far just used it to parse an ontology from an
XML file. My problem is that Jena doesn't complain about unmet restrictions.
I'm developing one tool in a toolchain for bootstrapping an ontology from a
relational database schema. That tool is responsible for translating the schema
information into an intermediate specification language also developed by me,
which is then processed by the rest of the toolchain. My idea was to heavily
base that specification language on OWL, ideally requiring the input just to be
valid OWL importing a certain "header", in which the actual restrictions are
formulated.
But when I wrote a small test ontology in which the restrictions formulated
before (in the same file) _don't_ hold, Jena accepted it without even a
warning. Did I do something wrong?
So here is my ontology:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
<!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"; >
<!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"; >
<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"; >
<!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"; >
]>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns ="&owl;"
xmlns:owl ="&owl;"
xml:base ="http://example.com/myontology";
xmlns:rdf ="&rdf;"
xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;"
>
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://isnt.accessed"/>
</owl:Ontology>
<owl:Class rdf:ID="TheClass">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#theProperty"/>
<owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#TheCorrectSubClass"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="theProperty">
<rdfs:domain
rdf:resource="https://www.mn.uio.no/ifi/english/research/groups/logid/db2osl#TheClass"/>
<rdfs:range
rdf:resource="https://www.mn.uio.no/ifi/english/research/groups/logid/db2osl#TheClass"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Class rdf:ID="TheCorrectSubClass">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TheClass"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#TheWrongSubClass"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:ID="TheWrongSubClass">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TheClass"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#TheCorrectSubClass"/> <!-- just to go sure
-->
</owl:Class>
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="theWrongObject">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="#TheWrongSubClass"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="theObject">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="#TheClass"/>
<theProperty rdf:resource="#theWrongObject"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
And here's the code I used:
BasicConfigurator.configure(new ConsoleAppender(new SimpleLayout(),
ConsoleAppender.SYSTEM_ERR));
final Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
model.read("file:///home/phil/test.xml", "RDF/XML");
final InfModel infModel =
ModelFactory.createInfModel(ReasonerRegistry.getOWLReasoner(), model);
System.err.println("=======================================================================================");
System.err.println("Is valid: " + infModel.validate().isValid());
try {
model.getWriter().write(model, new FileOutputStream(new
File("/home/phil/test_jena.xml")), "RDF/XML");
} catch (final Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
It accepts the ontology perfectly, giving only "Adding rule [...]" output lines
and returning true for isValid(). Even name clashes, for example another object
with the same rdf:ID, are accepted (but with a warning). So I'm a bit confused.
Also, the import doesn't seem to be considered at all: when I change the
location to one on my webserver, there doesn't appear to be an access.
I read around on this site a bit and also searched the web, especially the
archive of this list, for answers but couldn't find anything. So please tell me
if I got or did something wrong or what else is the matter here. Thank you very
much!
Philipp
PS: The program output:
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type xsd:integer) -> (?a rdf:type xsd:decimal) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:intersectionOf ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Class) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ symmetricProperty1b: (?Y owl:disjointWith ?X) -> (?X
owl:disjointWith ?Y) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ symmetricProperty1b: (?Y owl:differentFrom ?X) -> (?X
owl:differentFrom ?Y) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:incompatibleWith ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y
rdf:type owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Ontology) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource)
]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:incompatibleWith ?y) -> (?x rdf:type
owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:backwardCompatibleWith ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y
rdf:type owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:backwardCompatibleWith ?y) -> (?x rdf:type
owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:priorVersion ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:priorVersion ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:imports ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:imports ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Ontology) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:OntologyProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:onProperty ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
owl:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Property) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource)
]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:onProperty ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Restriction) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Restriction) -> (?a rdf:type
rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ symmetricProperty1b: (?Y owl:sameAs ?X) -> (?X owl:sameAs
?Y) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:disjointWith ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:disjointWith ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:equivalentClass ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y
rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:equivalentClass ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Nothing) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Nothing) -> (?a rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ prototype2b: (-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7ffe rdf:type ?d) ->
(owl:Thing rdfs:subClassOf ?d) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Thing) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Restriction) -> (?a rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:Class) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x owl:oneOf ?y) -> (?x rdf:type owl:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
owl:ObjectProperty) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
owl:ObjectProperty) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty) -> (?a
rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty) -> (?a rdf:type
rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdfs:Datatype) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdfs:isDefinedBy ?b) -> (?a rdfs:seeAlso ?b) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty) -> (?a
rdf:type rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:Seq) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Container) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:Bag) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Container) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:Alt) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Container) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:rest ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type rdf:List)
]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:List) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:range ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdfs:Class) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:domain ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:subClassOf ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:subPropertyOf ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:Property) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource)
]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:rest ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:List) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:first ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:List) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:object ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Statement) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:predicate ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Statement) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:subject ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Statement) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:range ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:domain ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:subClassOf ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdfs:Class) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdfs:subPropertyOf ?y) -> (?x rdf:type rdf:Property) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdf:Statement) -> (?a rdf:type
rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type rdfs:Literal) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource)
]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x rdf:type ?y) notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type
rdfs:Class) ]
=========================================================================================
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?y)
notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?y) -> (?x
rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?y) -> (?x
rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ->
(?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?x http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?y)
notFunctor(?y) -> (?y rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ prototype2b: (-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7ffc rdf:type ?d) ->
(http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass rdfs:subClassOf ?d) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type
rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ prototype2b: (-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7ffb rdf:type ?d) ->
(http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass rdfs:subClassOf ?d) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ prototype2b: (-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7ffa rdf:type ?d) ->
(-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff rdfs:subClassOf ?d) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) -> (?a rdf:type
rdfs:Resource) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) -> (?a rdf:type
owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ restrictionSubclass1b: (?X rdf:type
'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ->
(?X rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ->
(?a rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ all1b: (?X http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?Y)
(?X rdf:type 'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ->
(?Y rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) -> (?a rdf:type
'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ all1b: (?X http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?Y)
(?X rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) -> (?Y rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ prototype2b: (-3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7ff9 rdf:type ?d) ->
(http://example.com/myontology#TheClass rdfs:subClassOf ?d) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ->
(?a rdf:type owl:Thing) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ->
(?a rdf:type -3e0986f2:150e21689d5:-7fff) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) ->
(?a rdf:type 'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ all1b: (?X http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?Y)
(?X rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheClass) -> (?Y rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type
'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ (?a rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) -> (?a rdf:type
'all(http://example.com/myontology#theProperty
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ all1b: (?X http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?Y)
(?X rdf:type http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) -> (?Y rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv: (?I rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) (?I rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) noValue(?T rb:prototype ?I) ->
(?I rb:violation 'error('conflict' 'Individual a member of disjoint classes'
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv: (?I rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) (?I rdf:type
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) noValue(?T rb:prototype ?I)
-> (?I rb:violation 'error('conflict' 'Individual a member of disjoint classes'
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv:
(http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass owl:disjointWith
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)
(http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) ->
(http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass rb:violation
'warn('Inconsistent class' 'Two classes related by both subclass and disjoint
relations'
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv:
(http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass owl:disjointWith
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass)
(http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) ->
(http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass rb:violation
'warn('Inconsistent class' 'Two classes related by both subclass and disjoint
relations'
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv:
(http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass owl:disjointWith
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) (?C rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) (?C rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) notEqual(?C owl:Nothing) ->
(?C rb:violation 'warn('Inconsistent class' 'subclass of two disjoint classes'
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv:
(http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass owl:disjointWith
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) (?C rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass) (?C rdfs:subClassOf
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass) notEqual(?C owl:Nothing) -> (?C
rb:violation 'warn('Inconsistent class' 'subclass of two disjoint classes'
http://example.com/myontology#TheCorrectSubClass
http://example.com/myontology#TheWrongSubClass)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv: (?I rdf:type owl:Nothing) noValue(?T
rb:prototype ?I) -> (?I rb:violation 'error('conflict' 'Individual a member of
Nothing' ?I)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationDTP: (?X
http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?V) isLiteral(?V) -> (?X rb:violation
'warn('range check' 'Literal value for object property (prop, value)'
http://example.com/myontology#theProperty ?V)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
DEBUG - Adding rule [ validationIndiv: (?X owl:differentFrom ?Y) (?X owl:sameAs
?Y) noValue(?T rb:prototype ?X) -> (?X rb:violation 'error('conflict' 'Two
individuals both same and different, may be due to disjoint classes or
functional properties' ?Y)'^^urn:x-hp-jena:Functor) ]
Is valid: true
