I updated the VMware plugin to 3.1.0 and tried again. Still it doesn't work, but now I get a different (more detailled) error message. It says:
An error occurred while executing `vmrun`, a utility for controlling > VMware machines. The command and output are below: > Command: ["addSharedFolder", > "/Users/golo/Projekte/thenativeweb/vagrant-node/.vagrant/machines/default/vmware_fusion/747fe26d-c6bf-46ef-b867-558c12c5ba3d/packer-ubuntu-14.04-amd64.vmx", > > "-vagrant", "/Users/golo/Projekte/thenativeweb/vagrant-node", > {:notify=>[:stdout, :stderr]}] > Stdout: Error: There was an error mounting the Shared Folders file system > inside the guest operating system > Stderr: -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Vagrant" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to vagrant-up+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.