On the possibility of f/Li+ . Unlike fractional atoms, FQHE electrons are a widely recognized physical reality (unless a long-standing Nobel prize is to be retracted) but not yet practical to engineer for a useful purpose - at least not in terms of a real world application. Perhaps one application has been hidden in plain view in the last year or two. It looks like vaguely like a glowing dog-bone :-)
Typically FQHE electrons are easier seen at very cold temperatures, but coldness is related to detectability. Most often FQHE electrons are a 2D collective phenomenon in a magnetic field, having a lesser than normal charge. which is a whole fraction of the standard electron charge, such as 1/3. If the parameters permit, FQHE electrons can exist with greater than normal charge, such as 5/2. This is a collective phenomenon which could be found to operate on a 2D quantum disc of lithium, especially when plasmons - SPP are forming. Here is a paper of interest - where the charge of the fractional species, when averaged over several configurations and samples, is found at the ratio to be 4/3. http://yacoby.physics.harvard.edu/Publications/Local%20charge%20of%20the%20n u=52%20fractional%20quantum%20Hall%20state_2011.pdf This 4/3 ratio would allow the two electrons in an ion of lithium to interact somewhat more like three normal electrons, since the first orbital filled with two are highly favored in nature, even in an atom where 3 are normal. Since at 2*4/3 = 2-2/3 of the normal charge, there is a more stable substitute for 3 electrons in the situation when one is so easily ionized, and we should find unusual stability (lifetime) in this positive ion - which will be designated as f/Li+. Thus, the premise of this hypothesis, as it relates to LENR with lithium is when the high magnetic field of SPP is present (as evidenced by an intense incandescence) a collective 2D reaction near the SPP interface results - a fractionalization of lithium electrons. Following this, this species can further interact with the better known version of fractional hydrogen, the hydride we call f/H- and Randell Mills calls hydrino hydride. This secondary interaction may relate to nuclear fusion, or not, but it is nuclear in either case, and more energetic than any chemical reaction, even if it is found to be a novel way to convert mass to energy. In short, it can now be suggested that two electrons of the lithium positive ion, which is overly reactive due to extreme charge when the electrons are in the 1s orbital, becomes stabilized and fractionalized to 2*4/3 = 2-2/3 normal charge, resulting in a mildly positively charged ion - in which the electrons are in a tighter and more stable 1s orbital. This species would have both a positive near field and a positive nucleus, and would be extraordinarily attractive to the ion of fractional hydrogen f/H- which has a negative near field. Thus, the hydrogen isomer could approach the lithium atom and then the nucleus of that atom - far more closely than when normal charge is seen. In this situation, the two reactive atoms which are already energy depleted (due to fractionalization to achieve the FQHE state) - could either fuse (less likely) or else participate in another reaction which produces the excess heat seen in this type of reactor. Either way, this can explain the remarkable lack of high energy radiation normally associated with nuclear fusion in this type of reactor, yet with thermal gain which is greater than chemical. Jones
