MMPD .... Muon Mediated Deuteron Disintegration The work of Leif Holmlid and others has opened up the possibility of understanding what appears to be a new kind of nuclear reaction - a limited type of chain reaction which is not fusion nor fission. The result of this reaction is the complete disintegration of deuteron into quarks -- and then into muons. The continuing reaction is propagated and catalyzed by muons before they decay. Most of the net energy of the reaction is lost in the form of neutrinos, but the fraction which is thermalized is still significant.
This nuclear reaction is dependent on the prior formation of a population of "ultra-dense deuterium" which is an isomer of hydrogen which forms as a 2D (two dimensional) layer on selected surfaces. The densification process has been recognized for many years and rigorously described in the important paper from 2009 of Nabil Lawandy entitled "Interactions of Charged Particles on Surfaces." www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LawandyNMinteractio.pdf Individual deuterons are bosons which can occupy the same quantum state, so long as their electrons are delocalized. This delocalization of electrons is the key feature of ultra-dense deuterium, which becomes a condensate at elevated temperature, thus allowing this novel reaction. Upon application of a laser pulse which irradiates the condensate, a few muons will be emitted which then proceed as a limited chain-reaction to catalyze further reactions. In this reaction of relatively cold deuterons, gamma emission cannot proceed, and fusion to deuterium is suppressed in favor of complete disintegration of protons and neutrons into quarks. The excess energy which would normally be expressed as very energetic gammas is internalized to dislocate quarks from the bound state. Almost immediately, quarks decay into muons - which have a greatly increased lifetime (but still short) and muons are capable of catalyzing and propagating the further continuity of the reaction in a way reminiscent of nuclear fission of uranium (in which neutrons are the mediator). Most of the net energy of this reaction is lost to neutrino formation - but thermal gain is still possible. More details to follow. Jones
