clean low-cost USA energy in 35 years with only wind, water, and solar for all uses, Mark Z. Jacobson PNAS 2015.11.18: Rich Murray 2015.11.26 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2015/11/clean-low-cost-usa-energy-in-35-years.html
If all people unite on this, we prevent climate change catastrophe, and vastly reduce heath harm and death from pollution and war. "Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide." http://phys.org/news/2015-11-solar-energy-underground-cloudy-day.html http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/18/1510028112 Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes Mark Z. Jacobson a,1, Mark A. Delucchi b, Mary A. Cameron a, and Bethany A. Frew a a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; b Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Edited by Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, and approved November 2, 2015 (received for review May 26, 2015) Mark Z. Jacobson a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Mark A. Delucchi b Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Mary A. Cameron a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Bethany A. Frew a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Abstract Authors & Info SIMetrics Related Content PDF PDF + SI Significance The large-scale conversion to 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) power for all purposes (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) is currently inhibited by a fear of grid instability and high cost due to the variability and uncertainty of wind and solar. This paper couples numerical simulation of time- and space-dependent weather with simulation of time-dependent power demand, storage, and demand response to provide low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055. Solutions are obtained without higher-cost stationary battery storage by prioritizing storage of heat in soil and water; cold in water and ice; and electricity in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen. Abstract This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide. energy security climate change grid stability renewable energy energy cost Footnotes 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jacob...@stanford.edu . Author contributions: M.Z.J. designed research; M.Z.J. and M.A.D. performed research; M.Z.J., M.A.D., M.A.C., and B.A.F. contributed analytic tools; M.Z.J., M.A.D., and M.A.C. analyzed data; and M.Z.J., M.A.D., M.A.C., and B.A.F. wrote the paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. Data available upon request (from M.Z.J.). This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1510028112/-/DCSupplemental. 142 mg methanol weekly is provided by 6.5 cans aspartame diet drink, about 1 can daily, the amount used by 161 moms, whose kids became autistic, over twice the methanol taken by 550 moms who had no autistic kids. dietary methanol and autism, Ralph G. Walton, Woodrow C. Monte, in press, Medical Hypotheses (now peer reviewed), free full rich text, 38 references: Rich Murray 2015.07.06 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2015/07/dietary-methanol-and-autism-ralph-g.html neurobehavioral effects of aspartame, GN Lindseth et al 2014, funded by Army, free full plain text -- 25% of 28 healthy young university students had obvious harm from a dose same as 9 cans daily for just 8 days: Rich Murray 2015.07.05 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2015/07/neurobehavioral-effects-of-aspartame-gn.html Table 5.2 is the key chart -- ADH1 enzyme at high levels in 20 tissues in body and fetus makes methanol into formaldehyde right inside cells, initiating over 20 human diseases, with full text references, WC Monte paradigm: Rich Murray 2013.03.21 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2013/03/table-52-is-key-chart-adh1-enzyme-at.html [ see also, for value of vegan diet, drmcdougall.com ForksOverKnives.com ] "As a matter of course, every soul citizen of Earth has a priority to quickly find and positively share evidence for healthy and safe food, drink, environment, and society." within the fellowship of service, Rich Murray, MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology, BS MIT 1964 history and physics, 1039 Emory Street, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 rmfor...@gmail.com 505-819-7388 cell 619-623-3468 home http://rmforall.blogspot.com https://www.facebook.com/rmforall https://www.facebook.com/rmforallmethanol https://www.linkedin.com/pub/rich-murray/30/835/652 https://about.me/richmurray rich.murray11 free Skype audio, video chat
