FWIW - the only strong evidence of muons in LENR comes from laser
irradiation. (Holmlid, Winterberg)
Laser irradiation produces so much more power in a short time frame than
electrolysis, that the two are not comparable. Neither are related to
biological transmutation (Kervran). It is a mistake to think that any of
these are related.
Thus both viewpoints expressed in this thread can be correct - cold
fusion itself produces no muons, while laser irradiation of dense
hydrogen does produce muons. The transmutation of oxygen to sulfur is
different and goes back 150 years - well before Kervran in fact - see:
http://bionutrient.org/library/reviews/biological-transmutations
There is no evidence of muons in biological transmutation.
Thus we have three very distinct classes of LENR already in this one
situation, neglecting Ni-H and they all have significant proof:
1) biological (Kervran et al);
2) cold fusion (P&F); and
3) laser irradiation of dense hydrogen (Holmlid).
I think it is a big mistake to try to explain these as being part of any
single theory. However, there are connections between cold fusion of
palladium/deuterium to nickel/hydrogen. Once a laser is employed however
- all bets are off, even if the Letts/Cravens effect of low-powered
lasers is closer to cold fusion than to Holmlid.
Axil Axil wrote:
Here is the link to the diagram that did not appear in the post above:
https://a.disquscdn.com/get?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.csam.montclair.edu%2F%7Ekowalski%2Fcf%2F341fig1.jpg&key=y8LKL4Hf4Ud13sQke0JURw&w=600&h=296
The so called Erzion phenomenon was discovered in a series of
electrolytic experiments marked by unexplained changes in a pool
of cooling water outside of the catalytic cell. After 40 minutes
of electrolytic cell operation, water on the tungsten anode side
of the cooling vessel started losing its transparency.
https://youtu.be/MymFcb9U1Ck
Strange that in this experiment showing the production of sulfur,
the activity was at the anode. Could the Erzion actually be muons?
Water on the stainless steel cathode of the pool of cooling water
remained transparent, at the same 40 C temperature. A sample of
bubbly water, removed from the anode side, was tested for induced
gamma radioactivity. No such radioactivity was found in it; the
sample became transparent after 24 hours. Attempts to reproduce
the long-term loss of cooling water transparency with other
electrolytes, and under different electrical discharge conditions,
were not successful. But the effect was highly reproducible when
experimenting with the tungsten-anode electrolytic cell and the 7
M KF electrolyte containing 50% of heavy water.
That cooling water on the outside of the electrolytic cell's glass
reactor shell at the right side (see Figure 1) is close to the
anode while cooling water on the left side is close to the
cathode. The disappearance of bubbles, after the electrolysis, was
very slow (half-life of about 10 hrs). Attempts to explain the
phenomenon in terms of cavitation, and other ultrasonic effects,
were not successful. The only satisfactory explanation was
possible within the framework of the erzion model. Authors believe
that bubbles are produced through the action of neutral Erzions.
The Erzons phenomenon behavior is consistent with the magnetic
based Exotic Neutral Particle(ENP). To begin with, the glass
container is transparent to the magnetically based ENPs both
optically and magnetically. The LENR reaction that keeps the ENPs
viable produce the vapor that forms the water bubbles. The ENPs
become energetically self sufficient in the water of the cooling
pool where the ENPs remain viable for hours.
If the Erzons phenomenon is produced by magnetically based ENPs,
an iron plate placed just on the outside of the glass wall
adjacent to the anode would prevent the ENPs from exiting the
glass electrolytic cell. With the ENPs blocked from travel, bubble
production would be eliminated.
The Erzons could be some form of exotic hydrogen such as ultra
dense hydrogen or maybe micro ball lightning. The hydrogen
bubbles could be the product of a muon catalyzed reaction with water.
Whatever is going on at the anode, it looks like it is
happening in a reliable way. Experimenters might find some way to
track this mischugenon process down. I for one would love to read
about the detective process that makes the identification of this
mischugenon process down in Russ's blog.
Jed Rothwellwrote:
Axil Axil <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
When LENR really gets going full blast and gigawatts are
generated in cars, trains, planes, boats, houses,
everywhere in everything, the muon loading will get into
the terawatt levels. Muons flowing down the streets will
be so thick, you can cut them with a knife. And muons are
a bitch to shield against.
Cold fusion has been run at over 100 W for three months,
continuously. I believe that if there were dangerous levels of
muons, as you describe, they would have caused harm, and they
would have been detected. There is no sign of them. People
worked with these unshielded cells every day. So I expect you
are wrong about this. No theorist has said anything about
muons being produced by cold fusion in any paper I know of,
and I know of all the papers. I have searched for the term
"muon" and found nothing, other than the well-known 1989
discussions of muon-catalyzed fusion.
- Jed
