I have recently learned that Hermitian quantum mechanics cannot explain radioactive decay, the decay of the proton , and LENR. Hermitian quantum mechanics is the subject that everyone learns in school. It's formulation is based on waves and its mathematics uses real numbers only. It can only explain what happens in closed systems. Another type of quantum mechanics is required to understand what is going on inside open systems as represented by LENR, radioactive decay and the decay of the proton.
I have used terms in the above paragraph that requires a better explanation. What is a closed system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system A closed system is a physical system <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_system> that does not allow certain types of transfers (such as transfer of mass <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_transfer>) in or out of the system. The specification of what types of transfers are excluded varies in the closed systems of physics, chemistry or engineering. In quantum physics This equation, called Schrödinger's equation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation>, describes the behavior of an isolated or closed quantum system, that is, by definition, a system which does not interchange information (i.e. energy and/or matter) with another system. So if an isolated system is in some pure state |ψ(t) ∈ H at time t, where H denotes the Hilbert space of the system, the time evolution of this state (between two consecutive measurements). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- What is an open system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_(systems_theory) An open system is a system that has external interactions. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the concept. An open system is contrasted with the concept of an isolated system <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system> which exchanges neither energy, matter, nor information with its environment. An open system is also known as a constant volume system or a flow system. [image: 504px-OpenSystemRepresentation.svg.png] *Open system <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System>* have input and output flows, representing exchanges of matter, energy or information with its surroundings. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hermitian quantum mechanics / Non Hermitian quantum mechanics Space-time reflection symmetry, or PT symmetry, first proposed in quantum mechanics by Bender and Boettcher in 1998 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hermitian_quantum_mechanics https://phys.org/news/2016-11-physicist-honored-symmetry-space.html A theory of LENR must conform to Non Hermitian quantum mechanics. This QM is a superset of Hermitian quantum mechanics extended to the complex number plane and provides for CPT phase change that is central to the decay of the proton. On Sat, Apr 8, 2017 at 4:06 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: > > 1. The process by which the proton decays in LENR. > > Some esoteric process is causing the proton to decay in LENR. This > process is the root source for the production of energy and sub atomic > particles in LENR. > > > Whatever is causing the proton to decay into strange matter is a new > unrecognized if not unknown process in physics. This cause is not part of > current standard model theory. This makes LENR theory doubly hard and > mysterious. Not only do we need to explain the characteristics of LENR, but > also LENR thinking gets involved in unrecognized physics that is itself > ill-defined and speculative and rooted in solving the hardest and still > unexplained issues in physics. As we go through this string of dots, you > will get a feel for why LENR theory will not be fully understood for > another century. > > Gathering the dots together. > > Before we attempt to connect the dots relegated to proton decay, we > must define them and gather them together. > > https://phys.org/news/2017-04-insight-math-million-dollar- > problem-riemann.html > > Solving the Riemann hypothesis > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis > > > In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the > Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and > complex numbers with real part 1/2. It was proposed by Bernhard Riemann, > after whom it is named. The name is also used for some closely related > analogues, such as the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields. > > The Riemann hypothesis implies results about the distribution of prime > numbers. Along with suitable generalizations, some mathematicians consider > it the most important unresolved problem in pure mathematics. > > The complex number system on which this conjecture is based was > thought to have no meaning or application to any physical property in > reality. But this feeling has turned out to be wrong. > > In 1999, it was suggested by David Hilbert and George Pólya that in > the nontrivial zeros form a set of real and discrete numbers in the Riemann > zeta function are just like the eigenvalues of another function called a > differential operator, which is widely used in physics. > > This special newly discovered operator has close ties with quantum > physics. The special operator in quantum physics is not Parity / Time (PT) > symmetric in the complex number domain. If it can be shown that the PT > symmetry is broken for the imaginary part of the operator, then it would > follow that the eigenvalues are all real numbers, which would finally > constitute the long-awaited proof of the Riemann hypothesis. > > > One of the pivotal dots to be connected in proton decay is Parity / > Time (PT) symmetry breaking. > > http://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2016/02/ > epn2016472p17.pdf > > PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is an extension of conventional quantum > mechanics into the complex domain. (PT symmetry is not in conflict with > conventional quantum theory but is merely a complex generalization of it.) > PT-symmetric quantum mechanics was originally considered to be an > interesting mathematical discovery but with little or no hope of practical > application, but beginning in 2007 it became a hot area of experimental > physics. > > > The connection between PT symmetry, LENR, Proton decay is whispering > gallery waves. > > > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4830925/ > > Because of their complex number based quantum behavior, whispering > gallery waves (WGW) have mysterious properties that are seen in LENR. In > whispering gallery waves, the complex number system relates to the index of > refraction of the light contained in WGW type of the optical cavity. When > two WGWs are near each other, there is a one way flow of energy between > them and a translation of frequencies associated with that transfer. This > energy extraction process is unleashed by PT symmetry breaking and the > decay that this symmetry breaking produces. > > The WGW is the structure that gives form to the Surface Plasmon > Polariton. Via the SPP, the energy extraction process whereby the WPW pulls > energy out of the proton includes a PT symmetry breaking process. This PT > symmetry breaking frees the energy content of the proton as SPP breaks the > PT symmetry that keeps the protons or neutrons from decaying. > > The color force and proton stability is based on maintaining CPT > stability. Here are some old posts that explain this behavior of the color > force: > > https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/3736-the- > possible-role-of-axions-in-lenr/ > > <https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/3736-the-possible-role-of-axions-in-lenr/> > > and > > https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/3736-the- > possible-role-of-axions-in-lenr/?postID=35394#post35394 > > <https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/3736-the-possible-role-of-axions-in-lenr/?postID=35394#post35394> > >
