A bit short on accuracy there, Patrick. :-)
AIR COMPOSITION:
AIR PROPERTIES:
From NASA, SOME BASICS:
NASA'S ANIMATED, FOUR STROKE ENGINE:
Also Note that when CRANKING the engine with the butterfly valve CLOSED
the engine acts as a 4-stroke VACUUM PUMP and can LOWER the
PRESSURE in INTAKE MANIFOLD and THE JOE CELL to the vapor pressure of ICE WATER faster
than the HEAT FROM the BATTERY-POWERED ELECTROLYZER
can keep up.
They used to call that THE CHOKE.
Time was that you could manually "CHOKE" an engine by removing
the air breather/oilbath cleaner, and pressing your palm against the top of the carburetor
and end getting a temporary hickey. :-)
Fred