The purpose here is, assuming the feasibility of the existence of
right handed mirror matter existing in right handed space, and the
existence of gravitational charge, to examine the valid combinations
of charged pair creation from the vacuum.
For purposes of this analysis charged particles can be limited to 4
characteristics:
T - Type: Matter or Antimatter (M or A)
C - Charge: positive or negative (+, -)
G - Gravitational charge, (+i or -i)
H - Handedness: L (normal matter), R (mirror matter)
For now we will ignore neutral particles which can periodically morph
handedness and result in weak matter/mirror-matter coupling.
We can now see each charged particle type can be identified by a 4-
tuple of the form:
(T,C,G,H)
If a tuple entry is designated T,C,G, or H, then the opposite
characteristic can be designated correspondingly, T', C', G' or H'.
A tuple with exactly the opposite characteristics of (T,C,G,H) is
thus (T',C',G',H').
Let us assume charge and gravitational charge must be conserved for
any pair creation. Further, since we observe an anti-particle
creation for each charged particle creation, and mirror scientists
must observe a similar phenomenon, we know that if one species of
particle having handedness characteristic H is created, there must
simultaneously be created an anti-particle also having characteristic
H. We thus have the following possibilities for matter/anti-matter
pair creation, if charged particles can indeed be created from the
vacuum in pairs and not quartets:
(T,C=f(T),G,H), (T',C=f(T'),G',H)
Here f(T) is a function unique to each charged particle type, which
matches charges to correspond with type, e.g. electron (-) with
matter, positron (+) with antimatter, proton (+) with anti-proton
(-), etc. Since the mapping of f always preserves a 1-1
correspondence between choices of T and C, we can therefore eliminate
C from our tuple when considering possible cases. This leaves the 3-
tuple:
(T,G,H)
To describe the feasible combinations of characteristics for particle
creation. We now can describe valid pair creation as:
(T,G,H), (T',G',H)
This gives 8 possible classifications of pair creation
(M,+i,L), (A,-i,L)
(A,+i,L), (M,-i,L)
(M,-i,L), (A,+i,L) *
(A,-i,L), (M,+i,L) *
(M,+i,R), (A,-i,R)
(A,+i,R), (M,-i,R)
(M,-i,R), (A,+i,R) *
(A,-i,R), (M,+i,R) *
However, we can ignore pair order, so the duplicates, marked with an
asterisk above can be eliminated, leaving the following 4 combinations:
(M,+i,L), (A,-i,L)
(A,+i,L), (M,-i,L)
(M,+i,R), (A,-i,R)
(A,+i,R), (M,-i,R)
Pairwise charged particle creation thus provides all feasible
possibilities for particle types:
(M,+i,L),
(A,-i,L),
(A,+i,L),
(M,-i,L),
(M,+i,R),
(A,-i,R),
(A,+i,R),
(M,-i,R)
Out of the above, assuming each tuple has equal probability of
existance, ordinary matter (M,+i,L) constitutes only 1/8 of the
matter in the Universe.
However, suppose locally matter is being generated from the vacuum by
a black hole that has -i gravitational charge. All the particles
having -i gravitational charge will be absorbed into the black hole,
increasing its mass. This leaves the following particle types being
ejected at high velocity:
(M,+i,L),
(A,+i,L),
(M,+i,R),
(A,+i,R)
If the locality consists of that one black hole and the matter it
ejects, then, relative to the mass it ejects, it consists of dark
energy hidden in the black hole, of mass at least equal to its
ejecta. The mass in the black hole then consits of the following
particle types:
(A,-i,L),
(M,-i,L),
(A,-i,R),
(M,-i,R)
It is of interest here that in a singularity, even if the -i m
gravitational charges could be extracted from the other
characteristics, and the other characteristics annihilated, the mass
charges would remain in the black hole.
Of the remaining ejecta from the black hole, half is mirror matter,
and thus dark matter with with attractive gravitational charge. A
quarter of the ejecta is ordinary matter, and a quarter is anti-
matter. This doesn't answer the question as to why antimatter is not
around in a quantity equivalent to ordinary matter, so is likely not
consistent with an actual genesis of the universe.
One solution to this problem is to assume antimatter has -i
gravitational charge, and the initial genesis process did not come
from a black hole, but rather the repellant -i and +i gravitational
charges were created in an essentially uniform manner. This answers
both why the big bang was not a black hole, and where all the missing
antimatter went - it went to the edge of the universe, and is present
throughout the universe in the form of black holes that make large
vacuous holes in the ordinary matter distribution like the holes in
Swiss cheese.
This then leaves only 4 types of matter:
(M,+i,L), ordinary matter
(A,-i,L), ordinary antimatter, dark energy, but isolated gravitationally
(M,+i,R), mirror matter (dark matter with ordinary gravity)
(A,-i,R), mirror antimatter, dark energy, but isolated gravitationally
If each has equal probability, then this leaves the universe as 1/4
ordinary matter, 1/4 dark matter around us, and 1/2 dark energy, the
dark energy located mainly remotely, at the edge of the universe, and
at the centers of holes in the Swiss cheese fabric, but also flowing
from ordinary black holes, especially at the centers of galaxies,
thus accounting for the strange rotational characteristics described
by the MOND equation.
However, suppose handedness must be conserved, say to preserve
angular momentum. We then have the necessity that, in a genesis
transaction with the vacuum, particles must be created in quartets of
the form:
(T1,G=ff(T1),H), (T1',G'=ff(T1'),H), (T2,G2=ff(T2),H'), (T2',G2'=ff
(T2'),H')
where ff maps matter and antimatter to gravitational charge type on a
1-1 basis, thus yielding tuples which are combinatorially equivalent to:
(T1,H), (T1',H), (T2,H'), (T2',H')
This, without respect for order, produces a single combination for
quartet production.
(M,H), (A,H), (M,H'), (A,H')
This quartet production scheme then can preserve the required balance
of all 4 selected charged particle characteristics for each particle
type:
T - Type: Matter or Antimatter (M or A)
C - Charge: positive or negative (+, -)
G - Gravitational charge, (+i or -i)
H - Handedness: L (normal matter), R (mirror matter)
A similar quartet arrangement can be found by assuming that all
mirror matter has negative gravitational mass. This was in fact the
premise in the original gravimagnetics paper:
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf
Negative gravitational mass (charge -i) mirror matter was there named
"cosmic matter".
It is reasonable to expect there is a weighted probability of viable
pair and quartet production, depending on particle type (constituent
quarks, etc.) which affects the final fractions of ordinary matter,
dark matter, and dark energy.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
