In case you want detailed reasonable evidence for a cautious judgement that massive excess heat from the Rossi reactor has not yet been shown publicly:
from Rich Murray rmfor...@gmail.com reply-to vortex-l@eskimo.com to vortex-L@eskimo.com, Rich Murray <rmfor...@gmail.com>, Rich Murray <rmfor...@comcast.net> date Fri, May 27, 2011 at 10:01 PM subject [Vo]:in Rossi reactor demos, electric input power boils away some of the cooling water: Rich Murray 2011.05.26 May 27 (5 days ago) in Rossi reactor demos, electric input power boils away some of the cooling water: Rich Murray 2011.05.26 http://amasci.com/weird/wvort.html http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/maillist.html Joshua Cude says: http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/msg47201.html from Joshua Cude joshua.c...@gmail.com reply-to vortex-l@eskimo.com to vortex-l@eskimo.com date Tue, May 24, 2011 at 1:32 PM subject Re: [Vo]:Joshua Cude at it signed-by gmail.com May 24 (3 days ago) Part 1B .....Let's look at the input power and the temperature in some detail, shall we? Levi actually plots a graph of the input power in his report, and if you watch the video, you can get a pretty good picture of the temperature vs time graph -- better than what's in Levi's report. Fortunately, the people at www.esowatch.com/en/index.php?title=Focardi-Rossi_Energy-Catalyzer [ 90 references ] have done so and reconstructed the temperature graph. Here's what happens: The power is turned on at 1250 W at time zero. Then at 29 minutes (more than a few), the temperature reaches boiling point (101C). At 30 minutes, one minute after boiling begins, the power is reduced to 400 W. But oops, they jumped the gun. The reactor probably produces a little heat, and the system has some thermal mass, which keeps the outlet water at boiling even after the power has been reduced, but not long enough, because at 39 minutes (9 minutes after the power reduction), the temperature dips below the boiling point for 2 minutes. Someone must have noticed this, because at 40 minutes, the input power is cranked hard to 1550 W, and the temperature returns to the boiling point. At 49 minutes, the power is reduced to 700 W. The reactor was probably not producing much heat by that time, because almost immediately the temperature begins to drop gradually. At 56 minutes, the power is turned off, and the temperature continues dropping to ambient. > [Jed Rothwell] The input power, which is initially used to raise the temperature of the reactor to operating temperature, is scaled back to 400 watts for the remainder of the demonstration, not "for a few minutes." See also http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MacyMspecificso.pdf and other reports on the January demonstration. You are wrong. But you can be forgiven, because the report you cite, and the text of Levi's report make errors too. The power was reduced to 400 W for 11 minutes. That's closer to "a few" than the 29 minutes your reference considers "a few". The *average* input power was over a kW. The output was at the bp for 20 minutes, less the two minute dip for 18 total. Levi claims in the text that the output power was 12.5 kW for about 40 minutes. That's either deception or incompetence. And the 12.5 kW assumes dry steam when the temperature is at the bp. So, he's claiming 12.5 kW at minute 29, but less than 2 kW at minute 28, when the temperature is below the bp. Does that make sense to you? An increase of 10 kW in a minute. But not 10.5 kW, because then the steam would have been hotter. Or a decrease of 10 kW when it dips below the bp at minute 39? The shape of that curve -- the fact that it drops below the bp soon after the power input is decreased (especially at the end) -- suggests the power never exceeds, by very much, what's necessary to reach the bp, which means a 6-fold error in the power estimate. When you throw in the possible error in the flow rate, there is no excess left to account for. This is shown graphically at www.esowatch.com/en/index.php?title=Focardi-Rossi_Energy-Catalyzer. The temperature is completely consistent with the input power if the flow rate is wrong...... Rich Murray: Clearly, the simple evidence so far made available shows that the input electric heater power is enough to raise the water flow to boiling. The Rossi reactor is a scam. I congratulate Joshua Cude on his outstanding clarity and attention to significant details. http://www.esowatch.com/en/index.php?title=Focardi-Rossi_Energy-Catalyzer#Presentation_on_January_14.2C_2011 Presentation on January 14, 2011 Video of an experiment taking several minutes during a public presentation on January 14, 2011 (Source: Curiosity-Blog) Temperature curve, with two periods (17 minutes) where 100°C were reached (reconstructed from video) Screenshot from a video of the experiment used to estimate its duration Diagram, which shows the timeline of the electrical heating input during the experiment superimposed temperature-curve and curve showing heating power. Note: there is a time shift (abt. 5 minutes) between the two curves because the exact time lag between the two curves is not known. The beginning of temperature rise is simply set to the beginning of heating here. Also, a tecnical error (use of Windows software Excel) produces a slightly false cut-off curve of heating power at the end. A better diagram will be shown here in the future Comparison of the shown probe to a HP474AC probe (Image: www.physicsforums.com) Specifications of the used pump "LMI P18" (Image: www.physicsforums.com) Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi gave a press conference on January 14, 2011 which was not only attended by Italian public television station RAI (RAI 3) and numerous journalists, but also by several physicists from universities. Only invited persons were allowed to attend the conference. The presentation was done in rooms rented from the company "GM System" in an industrial area of Bologna [26] and not in rooms of the Bologna University as claimed on various places in the internet. During the press conference the function of the reactor was demonstrated for about an hour (55 minutes) in an adjoining room. An analysis of the recorded measurements which can be seen on the screen of a notebook in a Youtube video for a couple of seconds allow to estimate a duration of 15 to 20 minutes (most probably 17 minutes) where a water temperature of 100 degrees or more were reached. (see picture). In the report about the experiment the data which can be seen on the notebook are omitted (according to the reporting physicist Levi: "lost"). It also speaks of a duration of 40 minutes, obviously the whole duration including heating up is meant. To calculate the heat output inadvertent or deliberately incorrect values of the water throughput were made, which was in truth less than half of the said amount. The inventors reported about their experiment in their blog [27], and published three Youtube videos in Italian language [17], [18], [19]. During the press conference they stated the heat input was 600 Watts, at a calculated output of 12,000 Watts (12 kW). But according to a published report (G. Levi), actual mean average power was 1022 W. An re-alaysis of published values for heating power shows 1073 W. [28] Electrical heating power used was between 400 and 1550 W. The inventors calculated their estimation of generated heat from the heated water: 292 grammes of water per minute were heated from 20 °C to 101 °C (dry vapour) and evaporated. The attending physicists were allowed to take some measurements. They were disappointed, however, as a spectral analysis of the gamma radiation was denied for secrecy reasons. A detailed report submitted by independent physicists from Bologna University stated that no gamma radiation was detected, although the device was supplied with two openings for measurement purposes. Excerpt from the report: [...] no gamma radiation above the background level in the energy region Eγ > 200 keV has been observed, neither in single counting, not in coincidence; regardless of the internal details of the reaction chamber, shieldings and other industrial secrets, the γ rates measured with the NaI counters seem not compatible with the rates deduced or expected assuming that the energy production was due to nuclear fusion or decay reactions, as suggested in [1]. Observers were allowed to weigh the hydrogen gas container before and after the experiment (weight: 13.66 kgs). Even considering possible errors in measurement (duct tape still attached), hydrogen usage was estimated at less than one gramme. Not enough to make conventional hydrogen combustion plausible. Link to the report: [20] Alternative calculation explaining the reported values without cold fusion (Source: unknown author "Ascoli65" from Italian forum EnergeticAmbiente.it) Inconsistencies: Several incomprehensible pieces of information were given shortly after the experiment. Even weeks later the Rossi-Team has not reacted with a correction of said pieces. Not only was the duration of the experiment with 17 minutes (where temperature was close to or above 100 degrees) shorter than claimed (40 minutes), but there are also reasons to doubt the other claims of the inventors and operators of the experiment. The estimation of energy by evaporation of water was criticized in "www.physicsforums.com" in retrospect, as respective calculations were made assuming dry vapour without fractions of condensed water, which was not proven. The probe shown in the video can only measure the heat but not the dry condition of the steam. It was claimed that a combined probe of the type HP474AC (Delta Ohm) was used, but in the video a different probe, which looks like a SPC C45 0500 BEX - probe, can be seen. A HP474AC probe is not visible on any video. The claimed water throughput of 292 ml/min. (= 17.5 liter/h) was doubted too, since the used pump has only half of this capacity according to specification. A pump of the type "LMI P18" was used, which was confirmed in May 2011 by the Swedish reporter Mats Lewan. Several previous inquiries about the type of the pump were not answer by Andrea Rossi. [29]. The manufacturer gives a maximal flow of 12.1 l/h for the LMI P18. [30] Other models (A/B/C) of LMI pumps can be ruled out, as they they look different. Water throughput of these programmable peristaltic pumps can be regulated. The number of strokes per minute and the pumped volume can be regulated separately. The maximal number of strokes is 100 per minute. At 100 strokes/min maximum throughput is reached. In one of the YouTube-videos from the presentation on January 14, 2011 pump strokes are clearly audible for 30 seconds. [31] Counting them gives 29 or 30 strokes in those thirty seconds. The pump was regulated to 59 to 60 strokes/minute, which corresponds to 60% of maximal flow rate. Thus the heat output calculated by the team is 240% higher than the actually possible output using the pump shown in the video and certainly wrong. Because of the wrong claim about the mean average power (1.073 W instead of 600 W) an additional grave error of 78% has to be added. Assuming just a couple of percent condensed water in the vapour would allow to explain the steam generation just through the electrical heating..... .....Deactivation Professor Sven Kullander writes in his report about the experiment on March 29, 2011 that the reaction was stopped by switching off the heater and increasing the cooling water flow to a maximum of 30 litres per hour. This contradicts previous claims that the heater would be turned of when operating temperature has been reached. The red wire in the picture to the right(cm 31 - 34) is obviously the heater supply. With a cable this thick it is possible to power the heater from a regular wall outlet with 220 volt/10 amp, which in turn could yield 2200 Watt and explain the steam generation..... .....Experiment on March 29, 2011 (with claimed working conditions) Comparison of different heating curves A six-hours presentation was made on March 29, 2011 in Bologna attended by the invited Swedish physicists Sven Kullander and Hanno Essén. For "stability reasons" a smaller "energy catalyzer" with lesser output was used, which is said to have yielded 25 kWh in 6 hours with a thermal output of 4.4 kW. The same pump as in January, the LMII P18 was used in this presentation, but this time the capacity was compatible with the maximum flow capacity given by the manufacturer and therefore possible. Water throughput of 6.27 kg/h (104 ml/min) was given. As in the experiment in January water was evaporated, but without measurement of the dryness of the vapour errors of up to 600% a possible. It is also impossible to find out in retrospect if all the water was evaporated, since a drain for warm water was near the steam port. The unit was filled with 50 grammes nickel powder. At startup hydrogen gas was pumped into the device with 25 bar but without previously pumping air out. To quote: The air of atmospheric pressure was remaining in the container as a small impurity. (Remark: If oxygen from the air would have stayed in - as claimed - water could have been formed since the nickel powder would have acted as a catalyst). Heating was done with 300 Watt. [36][37][38] During the presentation isolation and lead shielding were removed from some shown Ecats but not from the used Ecat. The attending Giuseppe Levi made pictures which were published in Italian and Swedish blogs. The Swedish observers wrote a report, which was published in Internet blogs. They write in their report [16] that a normal chemical reaction can be ruled out: Any chemical process should be ruled out for producing 25 kWh from whatever is in a 50 cubic centimeter container. The only alternative explanation is that there is some kind of a nuclear process that gives rise to the measured energy production...... Rich Murray: These messy demos, poorly described and reported, with huge loopholes, hardly inspire conviction that anomalous heat is generated.
