The applicability of deflation fusion concepts to fusion, especially
Ni plus hydrogen fusion were discussed here:
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/NiProtonRiddle.pdf
http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg44662.html
The probability of the deflated electron state is increased as
electron flux through or very near a hydrogen nucleus is increased.
This kind of electron flux can be induced on an absorbed hydrogen via
various mechanisms, such as directly applied currents, flux of
conduction band electrons through partial orbitals, surface
currents, EM induced conduction ring currents, such as that provided
by a benzene ring, or magnetic vortices in magnetic materials. The
deflated state of heavy nucleus components can be induced by dense
electron flux, but the above methods can not conveniently do this.
Creation of a heavy nucleus deflated state, and thus the increase of
its nuclear magnetic moment by orders of magnitude, is important to
nuclear reactions involving heavy nuclei without nuclear magnetic
moments, such as various Ni nuclei.
The primary way to induce large electron flux through a heavy nucleus
is to displace it from its atomic center of charge. The electron
flux then involved is that of the heavy atom itself, consisting
primarily of the innermost and thus most energetic of its electrons.
This displacement can be induced by imposition of EM fields, and
other means of orbital stressing, such as raising temperature or
increasing lattice stress by loading and then thermal cycling. The
methods, value and potential uses of orbital stressing to place
nuclei into a strong electron flux were discussed in this 1997 article:
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/Ostressing.pdf
As discussed in this article, lattice nuclei are confined in linked
electron cages. Since the nuclei are 1000 times heavier than the
electrons, the electron cages are, for the most part, going to move
around the nuclei as a single lattice unit. The nucleons will not be
involved in most of the motion. Thus the amount of mass involved in
actual motion is small, three orders of magnitude less than the
entire lattice mass, which is good for creating higher speed action.
The hard part, it seems, is keeping the lattice electron motion
uniform throughout the sample, thus avoiding heat loss. Coherent, or
nearly coherent motion of the electron cages can slowly induce
periodic motion of the nuclei.
The electron cages of nanoparticles are small. They are thus more
subject to coherent motion when stimulated electro-magnetically than
large lattices. Brief moments of electromagnetic stimulation can
create coherent cage motion, followed by increased nucleus motions
and thus degeneration of the coherent cage motion into coordinated
opposed nuclear motions, and then the randomization into heat.
Throughout the process, the nuclei are dislocated from their centers
of charge, and thus exposed to higher than normal through-nucleus
electron flux. The initial coordinated electron cage motion should be
most easily generated in nano-particles. Their small size permits
small and thus energetic EM wavelengths to be effective. Isolating
metal nanoparticles in dielectric pore arrays should provide a means
to coordinate the stimulation via localized resonances. Conveniently,
such coordinated electron cage motion also increases the population
of the deflated state of hydrogen simultaneously.
Electrical isolation of conducting nanoparticles in dielectric arrays
permits large displacements of nuclei within the nanoparticles via
use of large electrostatic fields. The use of nanoparticles permits
a large surface to volume exposure, and thus a large voltage
differential across a volume of interest. A surface effect is thereby
converted into a volume effect, at least to some depth. The
addition of the AC stimulation then is additive to this electrostatic
field stress.
The discussed methods of orbital stressing should be useful in
improving fusion rates in any lattice with absorbed hydrogen.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
