The gap between two nanowires (nanoantenna) measuring at or under .5 NM can concentrate an EMF field by a factor of *10 to the 13 power.*
This ability to concentrate EMF quantified in experiments exceeds quantum mechanical predictions by a factor of 3. This can result in an EMF singularity limited only by electron tunneling over the gap. The size of the gap is proportional to the energy of the free electrons on the surface of the nanowires. Higher energy electrons can support a smaller gap, which means higher EMF confinement. On another related point as follows: http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.106803 Can Spasers go Electric? The LENR+ reactors by Rossi and DGT have solved this problem. These reactors feed their spacer arrays using induced surface currents.