Gamma rays, i.e. photons, are produced because otherwise the mass-
energy cannot be turned into heat. Nevertheless, the energy of the
photons is too small for most to leave the apparatus. Therefore, they
are detected at too low an intensity to account for the heat. This
confuses some people because the actual flux inside the apparatus is
huge, but since it is not measured it is ignored.
Yes, the three miracles partially define cold fusion.
Ed
On Jul 7, 2013, at 1:00 PM, Axil Axil wrote:
In LENR, sometimes gamma rays are produced.
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 2:59 PM, H Veeder <hveeder...@gmail.com> wrote:
cold fusion can be distinguished from hot fusion by the three
"miracles"
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/sr/Theories/
TakahashiTheory.shtml#miracles
Harry
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 2:17 PM, Robert Dorr <rod...@comcast.net>
wrote:
Ed and Axil,
Maybe it would be nice if we could define "Cold Fusion", "LENR" , as
fusion at room temperature that only requires the addition of heat,
below let's say 1000 degrees centigrade and possibly some pressure
to start the fusion process. Any other type of fusion that requires
a high energy process such as a high energy ion beam, that was used
in the experiment being discussed here, would be considered a form
of "hot" fusion. Just an thought.
Bob
At 09:15 AM 7/7/2013, you wrote:
My point Axil, is that the authors have no idea what they are
talking about. This confusion is common and results in a great deal
of confusion about how cold fusion works. Unless this confusion is
eliminated from discussion, no agreement is possible. This paper
simply adds to the confusion, which many other papers have done as
well.
Ed
On Jul 7, 2013, at 10:08 AM, Axil Axil wrote:
The paper says that the experimenters are claiming cold fusion.
There is no mixing of fusion definitions involved in this paper to
my understanding of it.
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 11:55 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com
> wrote:
That is not a useful criteria because the Lawson criteria applies
to a plasma and to a reaction that results in the hot fusion
products, i.e. neutrons, tritium, etc. Cold fusion does not occur
in plasma and results in helium without kinetic energy. The
reaction is defined as LENR only if the conditions and reaction
products fit the conditions on which the definition is based. You
are not free to change the definition to suit your personal beliefs.
Ed
On Jul 7, 2013, at 9:29 AM, Axil Axil wrote:
I am drawing a distinction between hot fusion and LENR in terms
of the "Lawson criterion". Specifically, if a fusion reaction
cannot be characterized in terms of plasma density, plasma
confinement time and plasma temperature, then the reaction is LENR.
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 11:08 AM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com>
wrote:
Hot fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic
nuclei collide at very high speed and join to form a new type of
atomic nucleus of compressing matter to high temperatures at high
densities as defined by the to the Lawson criterion,
In nuclear fusion research, the Lawson criterion, first derived
on fusion reactors (initially classified) by John D. Lawson in
1955 and published in 1957, is an important general measure of a
system that defines the conditions needed for a fusion reactor to
reach ignition, that is, that the heating of the plasma by the
products of the fusion reactions is sufficient to maintain the
temperature of the plasma against all losses without external
power input. As originally formulated the Lawson criterion gives
a minimum required value for the product of the plasma (electron)
density ne and the "energy confinement time" . Later analyses
suggested that a more useful figure of merit is the "triple
product" of density, confinement time, and plasma temperature T.
The triple product also has a minimum required value, and the
name "Lawson criterion" often refers to this inequality.
You are consistent at least; you had the same mindset as
demonstrated here when you described the LeClair experiment as
some other type of hot fusion.
The LeClair experiment is demonstrating a LENR reaction no matter
what LeClair thinks is causing it.
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 10:27 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com
> wrote:
If we cannot even agree about what the term LENR means or which
phenomenon it describes, I see no hope in arriving at any common
understanding. Please, can you make an effort to agree on some
basic ideas so that the discussion can move forward? We are
dealing with two different phenomenon. One uses high applied
energy from various sources and the other requires no applied
energy. One results in neutrons when deuterium is used, The other
results in helium when deuterium is used. Can you at least
acknowledge that these two different reactions occur?
Ed
On Jul 7, 2013, at 8:20 AM, Axil Axil wrote:
It seems to me that the reaction mechanism of the experiment
referenced in this thread is electrostatic in nature relating to
high voltage causation of fusion.
To draw a comparison, this is identical to the mechanism used in
the Proton-21 experimental series.
Since Proton-21 is considered a cold fusion or more properly
termed a LENR experiment, so to this referenced experiment
should be termed a LENR experiment.
On Sun, Jul 7, 2013 at 9:56 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com
> wrote:
This paper makes the common mistake of mixing hot- and cold-
fusion. These are two separate and independent phenomenon. They
are not related except both are nuclear reactions involving
fusion. However, the conditions required for initiation and the
nuclear products are entirely different. As long as hot- and
cold-fusion are considered in the same discussion, no progress
will be made in understanding cold fusion.
Ed
On Jul 7, 2013, at 2:31 AM, David ledin wrote:
Interesting paper from nature about successful cold fusion
experiment
http://fire.pppl.gov/cyrstal_fusion_nature.pdf
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