Tulisan di Kompas tidak steril dari urban legend/hoax? Mekanisme cek/ricek-nya piye? Atau ada info baru yang saya gak tahu ya? :-) Coba aja digoogling dengan keyword: 'hoax doug copp'..
CMIIW.. Wassalam, Irwan.K http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/bl_triangle_of_life.htm Urban Legends and Folklore <http://urbanlegends.about.com/> * 'Triangle of Life' Earthquake Survival Measures * * Netlore Archive: Doug Copp's emailed advice on earthquake survival tactics entitled 'Triangle of Life' is disputed by search-and-rescue experts from the American Red Cross and elsewhere* *Description:* Email flier *Circulating since:* Aug. 2004 (this version) *Status:* Inaccurate *Analysis:* See below<http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/bl_triangle_of_life.htm#note> *Email example contributed by Marc G., 25 August 2004:* EXTRACT FROM DOUG COPP'S ARTICLE ON THE "TRIANGLE OF LIFE", Edited by Larry Linn for MAA Safety Committee brief on 4/13/04. My name is Doug Copp. I am the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the American Rescue Team International (ARTI), the world's most experienced rescue team. The information in this article will save lives in an earthquake. I have crawled inside 875 collapsed buildings, worked with rescue teams from 60 countries, founded rescue teams in several countries, and I am a member of many rescue teams from many countries. I was the United Nations expert in Disaster Mitigation (UNX051 -UNIENET) for two years. I have worked at every major disaster in the world since 1985, except for simultaneous disasters. In 1996 we made a film which proved my survival methodology to be correct. The Turkish Federal Government, City of Istanbul, University of Istanbul, Case Productions and ARTI cooperated to film this practical, scientific test. We collapsed a school and a home with 20 mannequins inside. Ten mannequins did "duck and cover," and ten mannequins I used in my "triangle of life" survival method. After the simulated earthquake collapse we crawled through the rubble and entered the building to film and document the results. The film, in which I practiced my survival techniques under directly observable, scientific conditions, relevant to building collapse, showed there would have been zero percent survival for those doing duck and cover. There would likely have been 100 percent survivability for people using my method of the "triangle of life." This film has been seen by millions of viewers on television in Turkey and the rest of Europe, and it was seen in the USA, Canada and Latin America on the TV program Real TV. The first building I ever crawled inside of was a school in Mexico City during the 1985 earthquake. Every child was under their desk. Every child was crushed to the thickness of their bones. They could have survived by lying down next to their desks in the aisles. It was obscene, unnecessary and I wondered why the children were not in the aisles. I didn't at the time know that the children were told to hide under something. Simply stated, when buildings collapse, the weight of the ceilings falling upon the objects or furniture inside crushes these objects, leaving a space or void next to them. This space is what I call the "triangle of life". The larger the object, the stronger, the less it will compact. The less the object compacts, the larger the void, the greater the probability that the person who is using this void for safety will not be injured. The next time you watch collapsed buildings, on television, count the "triangles" you see formed. They are everywhere. It is the most common shape, you will see, in a collapsed building. They are everywhere. I trained the Fire Department of Trujillo (population 750,000) in how to survive, take care of their families, and to rescue others in earthquakes. The chief of rescue in the Trujillo Fire Department is a professor at Trujillo University. He accompanied me everywhere. He gave personal testimony: "My name is Roberto Rosales. I am Chief of Rescue in Trujillo. When I was 11 years old, I was trapped inside of a collapsed building. My entrapment occurred during the earthquake of 1972 that killed 70,000 people. I survived in the "triangle of life" that existed next to my brother's motorcycle. My friends who got under the bed and under desks were crushed to death [he gives more details, names, addresses etc.]...I am the living example of the "triangle of life". My dead friends are the example of "duck and cover". TIPS DOUG COPP PROVIDES: 1) Everyone who simply "ducks and covers" WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE is crushed to death -- Every time, without exception. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are always crushed. 2) Cats, dogs and babies all naturally often curl up in the fetal position. You should too in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct. You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it. 3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. The reason is simple: the wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created. Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs. 4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting a sign on the back of the door of every room, telling occupants to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during an earthquake. 5) If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair. 6) Everybody who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed! 7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different "moment of frequency" (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads. They are horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesn't collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by screaming, fleeing people. They should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged. 8) Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible - It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked; 9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles, says the author. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns fall directly across them. 10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper. *Comments: * The American Red Cross took the unusual step of contacting me directly to refute<http://urbanlegends.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.prepare.org/basic/triangle.pdf>the above text, which a representative of the group politely characterized as "incorrect." According to Red Cross community disaster education manager Ricky Lopes, author Doug Copp's earthquake survival suggestions don't apply in the United States because they're based on observations made in Turkey, where engineering and construction standards are different. "Much research in the United States has confirmed that 'Drop, Cover, and Hold On!' has saved lives in the United States," writes Lopes. "Engineering researchers have demonstrated that very few buildings collapse or 'pancake' in the U.S. as they might do in other countries." Other experts concur, even to the point of suggesting that some of Copp's advice could endanger people's lives rather than save them. "Some of the things he recommends are absolutely dangerous, like getting out of your car and lying down next to the car," UCLA public health expert Kimberley Shoaf told Knight Ridder Newspapers in November 2004. A former deputy director of the California Office of Emergency Services, Mark Ghilarducci, agreed that "duck, cover and hold on" remains the best overall strategy for survival during an earthquake. I should also point out that although Mr. Copp has proclaimed himself a disaster expert, his credentials are in question<http://urbanlegends.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.abqjournal.com/terror/197538nm07%2D14%2D04.htm>. On 8/20/06, wrote: > Oleh Ir Davy Sukamta > Ketua Himpunan Ahli Konstruksi Indonesia (HAKI) periode 1999-2002, > 2002-2005, dan 2005-2008 > http://www.kompas.co.id/kompas-cetak/0608/20/desain/2890744.htm > ================================ > > Jakarta terletak pada lempeng tektonik Eurasia. Di selatan–barat daya > Jakarta terdapat patahan tempat pertemuan Lempeng Eurasia dengan > Lempeng Indo-Australia yang menghunjam dan bergerak dengan kecepatan > sekitar 60 mm per tahun. Patahan Sumatera dan Patahan Jawa inilah > yang merupakan sumber gempa besar yang dapat berdampak terhadap > Jakarta. > > Jakarta sendiri tidak terletak di atas patahan aktif. Patahan yang > paling dekat dengan Jakarta adalah Sesar Cimandiri di Sukabumi yang > berpotensi sebagai sumber gempa jenis sesar patahan. Di utara Jakarta > tidak terdapat patahan, karena itu tsunami tidak mungkin menghantam > Jakarta. > > Dalam perancangan gedung-gedung di DKI Jakarta, perancang struktur > harus mengacu kepada peraturan gempa yang ada, SNI 03-1726-2002. > Dalam peraturan ini, semua gedung bertingkat harus dirancang untuk > suatu intensitas tertentu yang didasarkan atas gempa 500 tahunan pada > gedung dengan usia teknik 50 tahun. > > .. > > > Berlindunglah di tempat yang disebut segi tiga kehidupan yang > teorinya dipopulerkan oleh Doug Copp, Kepala American Rescue Team > International. > > Secara sederhana, teori Copp dapat dijelaskan berikut ini: > > 1. Saat bangunan runtuh, langit-langit akan runtuh menimpa benda atau > mebel sehingga menghancurkan benda-benda ini, menyisakan ruangan > kosong di sebelahnya. > > 2. Ruangan kosong inilah yang disebut "Segi Tiga Kehidupan". > > 3. Semakin besar bendanya, semakin kuat benda tersebut dan semakin > kecil kemungkinannya untuk remuk. > > 4. Semakin sedikit remuk, semakin besar ruang kosongnya, semakin > besar kemungkinan orang yang menggunakannya selamat dari luka-luka. > > Jadi, berlindunglah dengan mengambil posisi meringkuk sambil menutupi > kepala dengan kedua lengan, cari tempat di ruang kosong di sisi benda > yang cukup kokoh dengan memperhitungkan keberadaan dinding yang > mungkin jatuh menimpa. > > Di Jepang, pada setiap meja sekolah disediakan juga bekal kecil > berupa biskuit dan air mineral. Bila gempa terjadi dan si anak > terperangkap dalam reruntuhan, dia dapat bertahan hidup sampai regu > penolong mengeluarkannya dari runtuhan bangunan. > > Gempa susulan > > Segera setelah goyangan gempa berhenti, kita harus waspada terhadap > kemungkinan datangnya gempa susulan. Bila goyangan gempa yang terjadi > tidak besar, kita bisa melanjutkan pekerjaan dengan tenang. Tidak > perlu bubar pulang ke rumah; ini merupakan tindakan yang menyebabkan > kerugian ekonomi besar. > > Bila sampai terjadi kerusakan pada gedung, yang perlu kita lakukan > segera adalah memeriksa saluran gas (bila ada), air, dan listrik. > Pastikan tidak ada risiko kebakaran, lalu keluar dari gedung dengan > tenang. > > Ingat, kerusakan besar setelah gempa San Francisco 1906 dan gempa > Kobe 1995 terutama disebabkan oleh kebakaran. > > Akhir kata, perlu disadari bahwa kita memang hidup berdampingan > dengan gempa. Hal ini adalah kenyataan. Karena itu, kita harus > melatih diri agar dapat terhindar dari bahaya tersebut. Alangkah > baiknya pengetahuan dasar semacam yang diuraikan di atas bisa > diberikan pada anak-anak sejak sekolah dasar. > > Perlu dipahami juga, goyangan gempa tanggal 10 dan 12 Juli 2006 di > Jakarta hanyalah goyangan kecil saja. Sama sekali tidak perlu > dikhawatirkan. Bila televisi kita sudah jatuh dari mejanya, seperti > yang terjadi di Yogyakarta tanggal 27 Mei 2006, baru kita bisa > mengatakan intensitas gempanya kuat. > > Begitu pun gedung-gedung engineered structure di Yogya tidak roboh, > kecuali bila ada kesalahan mendasar dalam rancangan atau > pelaksanaannya. Jadi, mengapa harus panik? > > -- Wassalam, Irwan.K Jakarta, Indonesia [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] ======================= Milis Wanita Muslimah Membangun citra wanita muslimah dalam diri, keluarga, maupun masyarakat. 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