THE WHATIS.COM WORD-OF-THE-DAY   
November 1, 2002

grumble line 
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TODAY'S WORD: grumble line 

See our definition with hyperlinks at 
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci859609,00.html

A grumble line is the plotted amount of light from the sky that will
be available in a building once an adjacent building has been
erected. In building construction in certain countries, a builder may
need to recognize the legal "rights to light" of nearby building
owners. Accordingly, formulas have been created for calculating the
grumble line and these can be computerized. 

The term apparently originated prior to electric lighting when one
candle-power was said to be the level of light below which a clerk
would begin to grumble about the difficulty of reading. The grumble
line was the line in the room beyond which there was insufficient
light, or in another version, a line halfway across a room within
which a reader could read without complaint or else an interfering
barrier would have to be removed. 

Rights to light in buildings date to the Roman era, when many houses
and apartments had solaria both for heat and light. Although English
common law supports the concept, U.S. law has tended to give
precedence to the right of landowners to build without regard for
adjacent property's access to light. With the advent of solar-heated
buildings, courts have become more open to the rights to light and
other solar rays. 

In the U.K., light entitlement was defined in the Prescription Act of
1832, called "Ancient Lights" or "Rights to Light." This law applies
to windows that have been in use for over 20 years. More recently,
English courts have specified the grumble line as the line that
traces out the 0.2% skylight factor on a surface 850mm above floor
level in a room. A grumble line is calculated before and after
building construction. If the line calculated after construction
infringes on the rights to light, the owner of the building may sue
for an injunction to stop building or for compensation. Development
planners in the U.K. often work under local guidelines that require
much more light than the courts would require under the "rights to
light" law. 
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SELECTED LINKS:

At the University of Sheffield in the U.K., a project for creating
grumble line software is described. 
http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/teaching/msc/mscprojects/research-topic.pdf

Theron R. Nelson reviews the history of rights to light in "Ancient
Lights - Will Real Estate Find Its Place in the Sun?" 
http://www.aresnet.org/ARES/pdfs/mtg97/ancien~1.pdf

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