PERACUNAN
HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT TANAMAN PANGAN TERBESAR SEPANJANG UMUR BUMI
DEWI SRI
DAN IBU PERTIWI DIBUNUHI DI SAWAH PULA (oleh pejabat & penyuluh oknum birokrat
Deptan/kampus tani ?)
S O S : SELAMATKAN PERADABAN MANUSIA
Scientists Reveal
Glyphosate Poisons Crops and Soil
GM Meltdown Continues
Scientists go public on devastating ecological impacts of Roundup Ready
cropping systems while USDA keeps mum.
Dire consequences from the most widely used herbicide in the world
Glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops have spread rapidly around the world since they
were introduced in the US in 1996, and are now
planted on 85 percent of the global area
growing genetically modified (GM) crops [1]. Concomitantly, glyphosate
(commercial formulation Roundup), promoted as safe for health and the
environment, became the most widely used
herbicide in the world.
But ecological and health impacts of the GT cropping system soon came to light,
and have been worsening relentlessly over the years while regulators turn a
blind eye (see [2, 3] Roundup Ready Sudden Death, Superweeds, Allergens…
Glyphosate binds with and inactivates EPSPS, the critical enzyme in the
shikimate pathway required for the synthesis of aromatic plant metabolites
including essential amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine, as well
as downstream products such as plant growth promoter, indoylacetic acid and
plant defence compounds, phytoalexins [4]. But glyphosate has multiple adverse
effects that act synergistically on crop health and productivity that extends
well
beyond the plant into the soil ecosystem and the wider environment.
The GT trait depends on incorporating an EPSPS from the soil bacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens that is insensitive to glyphosate, hence glyphosate
is taken up by GT plants and translocated to the growing parts of roots and
shoots, and even exuded into the rhizosphere (soil surrounding the roots) so it
can affect the soil community of microorganisms and also subsequent crops
planted in
the soil.
Two senior scientists in the US who have been investigating the ecological
impacts of glyphosate and the Roundup Ready cropping system for decades are
warning of “dire consequences for agriculture such as rendering soils
infertile, crops non-productive, and plants less nutritious.”
Glyphosate the single most important factor predisposing plants to diseases and
toxins
Don Huber, recently retired from Purdue
University, and co-author G.S. Johal, at Purdue’s Dept of Botany and Plant
Pathology,
stated in a paper published in the October 2009 issue of European Journal of
Agronomy that the widespread use of glyphosate in the US can “significantly
increase the severity of various plants diseases, impair plant defense to
pathogens and diseases, and immobilize soil and plant nutrients rendering them
unavailable for plant use.”
Further, glyphosate stimulates the growth of fungi and enhances the virulence
of pathogens such as Fusarium, and “can have serious consequences for
sustainable production of a wide range of susceptible crops.” They warn that
“Ignoring potential non-target detrimental side effects of any chemical,
especially used as heavily as glyphosate, may have dire consequences for
agriculture such as
rendering soils infertile, crops non-productive, and plants less nutritious.”
In an interview [5] with the Organic & Non-GMO Report, Huber said he has
been researching glyphosate for 20 years, and began noticing problems when he
saw a consistent increase in “take-all”, a fungal disease of wheat, when
glyphosate had been applied in a previous year to control weeds. He found
glyphosate reduced manganese in plants, which is essential to many plant
defence reactions
against disease and environmental stress. Glyphosate can immobilize plant
nutrients such as manganese, copper, potassium iron, magnesium, calcium, and
zinc, so they are no longer nutritionally functional. Basically, glyphosate
completely weakens the plant, making it susceptible to soil-borne fungal
pathogens. “That is one reason why we see an increase in plant diseases,” he
said.
There has been a general increase in the number of plant diseases in the past
15 to 18 years. Four primary soil fungi, Fusarium,
Phythium, Rhizoccccctonia, and Phytophthora, have
become more active with the use of glyphosate; and concomitantly, diseases
caused
by these fungi have increased, such as head scab in corn, or root rot in
soybeans, crown rot in sugar beets. Fusarium head blight, which affects cereal
crops, is a disease that produces a mycotoxin that could enter the food chain.
There are more than 40 diseases reported with the use of glyphosate, and the
number keeps growing as people recognize the association, Huber said.
When asked if glyphosate is “environmentally benign” as claimed by proponents,
he answered “Absolutely not. That’s an outright mistaken notion. Glyphosate is
the single most important agronomic factor predisposing some plants to both
disease and toxins. These toxins can produce a serious impact on the health of
animals and humans.
GREEN AGRO is THE ANSWER !
Segera berjejaring dengan PTDI-CReTi
BAHAGIAKAN DAN MULIAKAN PETANI!
