HI Jaroslav,

I just got a chance to look at this.

Please see if dropping in the attached HRDTransceiver.cpp into your source and compiling fixes the issue, and let me know.

Here, with Qt 6.10.0 and gcc 13.1.0 I of course don't see the initial error so I can't test the potential fix.

Thanks and 73,

Roger
W3SZ

On 1/8/2026 10:27 AM, Jaroslav Škarvada via wsjt-devel wrote:
Fedora rawhide, gcc-16, it emits some maybe uninitialized warnings,
which with hardened build flags (several distros use) may turn into
errors:
/builddir/build/BUILD/wsjtx-3.0.0_rc1-build/wsjtx-3.0.0-rc1/wsjtx/Transceiver/HRDTransceiver.cpp:1067:86:
error: ‘*<unknown>.HRDMessage::size_’ may be used uninitialized
[-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
  1067 |       if (!write_to_port (reinterpret_cast<char const *>
(message.data ()), message->size_))
       |
              ~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
/builddir/build/BUILD/wsjtx-3.0.0_rc1-build/wsjtx-3.0.0-rc1/wsjtx/Transceiver/HRDTransceiver.cpp:1084:43:
error: ‘*(const HRDMessage*)<unknown>.HRDMessage::magic_1_’ may be
used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
  1084 |       if (reply->magic_1_value_ != reply->magic_1_ &&
reply->magic_2_value_ != reply->magic_2_)
       |                                    ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/builddir/build/BUILD/wsjtx-3.0.0_rc1-build/wsjtx-3.0.0-rc1/wsjtx/Transceiver/HRDTransceiver.cpp:1084:87:
error: ‘*(const HRDMessage*)<unknown>.HRDMessage::magic_2_’ may be
used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
  1084 |       if (reply->magic_1_value_ != reply->magic_1_ &&
reply->magic_2_value_ != reply->magic_2_)
       |
                 ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/builddir/build/BUILD/wsjtx-3.0.0_rc1-build/wsjtx-3.0.0-rc1/wsjtx/Transceiver/HRDTransceiver.cpp:1094:69:
error: ‘*(const HRDMessage*)<unknown>.HRDMessage::size_’ may be used
uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
  1094 |       while (buffer.size () - offsetof (HRDMessage, size_) <
reply->size_)
       |
~~~~~~~^~~~~
/builddir/build/BUILD/wsjtx-3.0.0_rc1-build/wsjtx-3.0.0-rc1/wsjtx/Transceiver/HRDTransceiver.cpp:1094:69:
error: ‘*(const HRDMessage*)<unknown>.HRDMessage::size_’ may be used
uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]

I didn't check the code whether it's a real problem, but reporting

thanks & regards

Jaroslav



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#include "HRDTransceiver.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <QHostAddress>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QRegExp>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QThread>
#include <QStandardPaths>
#include <QDir>

#include "Network/NetworkServerLookup.hpp"
#include "qt_helpers.hpp"

namespace
{
  char const * const HRD_transceiver_name = "Ham Radio Deluxe";

  // some commands require a settling time, particularly "RX A" and
  // "RX B" on the Yaesu FTdx3000.
  int constexpr yaesu_delay {350};
}

#include "moc_HRDTransceiver.cpp"

void HRDTransceiver::register_transceivers (logger_type *,
                                            TransceiverFactory::Transceivers * 
registry,
                                            unsigned id)
{
  (*registry)[HRD_transceiver_name] = TransceiverFactory::Capabilities (id, 
TransceiverFactory::Capabilities::network, true, true /* maybe */);
}

struct HRDMessage
{
  // Placement style new overload for outgoing messages that does the
  // construction too.
  
    quint32 size_ = 0;
    qint32 magic_1_ = 0;
    qint32 magic_2_ = 0;
    qint32 checksum_ = 0;
    QChar payload_[0];

  static void * operator new (size_t size, QString const& payload)
  {
    size += sizeof (QChar) * (payload.size () + 1); // space for terminator too
    HRDMessage * storage (reinterpret_cast<HRDMessage *> (new char[size]));
    storage->size_ = size ;
    ushort const * pl (payload.utf16 ());
    std::copy (pl, pl + payload.size () + 1, storage->payload_); // copy 
terminator too
    storage->magic_1_ = magic_1_value_;
    storage->magic_2_ = magic_2_value_;
    storage->checksum_ = 0;
    return storage;
  }

  // Placement style new overload for incoming messages that does the
  // construction too.
  //
  // No memory allocation here.
  static void * operator new (size_t /* size */, QByteArray const& message)
  {
    // Nasty const_cast here to avoid copying the message buffer.
    return const_cast<HRDMessage *> (reinterpret_cast<HRDMessage const *> 
(message.data ()));
  }

  void operator delete (void * p, size_t)
  {
    delete [] reinterpret_cast<char *> (p); // Mirror allocation in operator 
new above.
  }

  static qint32 constexpr magic_1_value_ = 0x1234ABCD;
  static qint32 constexpr magic_2_value_ = 0xABCD1234;
};

HRDTransceiver::HRDTransceiver (logger_type * logger
                                , std::unique_ptr<TransceiverBase> wrapped
                                , QString const& server
                                , bool use_for_ptt
                                , TransceiverFactory::TXAudioSource audio_source
                                , int poll_interval
                                , QObject * parent)
  : PollingTransceiver {logger, poll_interval, parent}
  , wrapped_ {std::move (wrapped)}
  , use_for_ptt_ {use_for_ptt}
  , audio_source_ {audio_source}
  , server_ {server}
  , hrd_ {0}
  , protocol_ {none}
  , current_radio_ {0}
  , vfo_count_ {0}
  , vfo_A_button_ {-1}
  , vfo_B_button_ {-1}
  , vfo_toggle_button_ {-1}
  , mode_A_dropdown_ {-1}
  , mode_B_dropdown_ {-1}
  , data_mode_toggle_button_ {-1}
  , data_mode_on_button_ {-1}
  , data_mode_off_button_ {-1}
  , data_mode_dropdown_ {-1}
  , split_mode_button_ {-1}
  , split_mode_dropdown_ {-1}
  , split_mode_dropdown_write_only_ {false}
  , split_off_button_ {-1}
  , tx_A_button_ {-1}
  , tx_B_button_ {-1}
  , rx_A_button_ {-1}
  , rx_B_button_ {-1}
  , receiver_dropdown_ {-1}
  , ptt_button_ {-1}
  , alt_ptt_button_ {-1}
  , reversed_ {false}
{
}

int HRDTransceiver::do_start ()
{
  CAT_TRACE ("starting");
  if (wrapped_) wrapped_->start (0);

  auto server_details = network_server_lookup (server_, 7809u);
  if (!hrd_)
    {
      hrd_ = new QTcpSocket {this}; // QObject takes ownership
    }
  hrd_->connectToHost (std::get<0> (server_details), std::get<1> 
(server_details));
  if (!hrd_->waitForConnected ())
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("failed to connect:" <<  hrd_->errorString ());
      throw error {tr ("Failed to connect to Ham Radio Deluxe\n") + 
hrd_->errorString ()};
    }

  if (none == protocol_)
    {
      try
        {
          protocol_ = v5;       // try this first (works for v6 too)
          send_command ("get context", false, false);
        }
      catch (error const&)
        {
          protocol_ = none;
        }
    }

  if (none == protocol_)
    {
      hrd_->close ();

      protocol_ = v4;           // try again with older protocol
      hrd_->connectToHost (std::get<0> (server_details), std::get<1> 
(server_details));
      if (!hrd_->waitForConnected ())
        {
          CAT_ERROR ("failed to connect:" <<  hrd_->errorString ());
          throw error {tr ("Failed to connect to Ham Radio Deluxe\n") + 
hrd_->errorString ()};
        }

      send_command ("get context", false, false);
    }

  QFile HRD_info_file {QDir {QStandardPaths::writableLocation 
(QStandardPaths::DataLocation)}.absoluteFilePath ("HRD Interface 
Information.txt")};
  if (!HRD_info_file.open (QFile::WriteOnly | QFile::Text | QFile::Truncate))
    {
      throw error {tr ("Failed to open file \"%1\": %2.").arg 
(HRD_info_file.fileName ()).arg (HRD_info_file.errorString ())};
    }
  QTextStream HRD_info {&HRD_info_file};

  auto id = send_command ("get id", false, false);
  auto version = send_command ("get version", false, false);

  CAT_INFO ("Id: " << id << "Version: " << version);
  HRD_info << "Id: " << id << "\n";
  HRD_info << "Version: " << version << "\n";

  auto radios = send_command ("get radios", false, false).trimmed ().split 
(',', SkipEmptyParts);
  if (radios.isEmpty ())
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("no rig found");
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: no rig found")};
    }

  HRD_info << "Radios:\n";
  Q_FOREACH (auto const& radio, radios)
    {
      HRD_info << "\t" << radio << "\n";
      auto entries = radio.trimmed ().split (':', SkipEmptyParts);
      radios_.push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (entries[0].toUInt (), 
entries[1]));
    }

  CAT_TRACE ("radios:-");
  Q_FOREACH (auto const& radio, radios_)
    {
      CAT_TRACE ("\t[" << std::get<0> (radio) << "] " << std::get<1> (radio));
    }

  auto current_radio_name = send_command ("get radio", false, false);
  HRD_info << "Current radio: " << current_radio_name << "\n";
  if (current_radio_name.isEmpty ())
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("no rig found");
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: no rig found")};
    }

  vfo_count_ = send_command ("get vfo-count").toUInt ();
  HRD_info << "VFO count: " << vfo_count_ << "\n";
  CAT_TRACE ("vfo count:" << vfo_count_);

  buttons_ = send_command ("get buttons").trimmed ().split (',', 
SkipEmptyParts).replaceInStrings (" ", "~");
  CAT_TRACE ("HRD Buttons: " << buttons_.join (", "));
  HRD_info << "Buttons: {" << buttons_.join (", ") << "}\n";

  dropdown_names_ = send_command ("get dropdowns").trimmed ().split (',', 
SkipEmptyParts);
  CAT_TRACE ("Dropdowns:");
  HRD_info << "Dropdowns:\n";
  Q_FOREACH (auto const& dd, dropdown_names_)
    {
      auto selections = send_command ("get dropdown-list {" + dd + "}").trimmed 
().split (',');
      CAT_TRACE ("\t" << dd << ": {" << selections.join (", ") << "}");
      HRD_info << "\t" << dd << ": {" << selections.join (", ") << "}\n";
      dropdowns_[dd] = selections;
    }

  slider_names_ = send_command ("get sliders").trimmed ().split (',', 
SkipEmptyParts).replaceInStrings (" ", "~");
  CAT_TRACE ("Sliders:-");
  HRD_info << "Sliders:\n";
  Q_FOREACH (auto const& s, slider_names_)
    {
      auto range = send_command ("get slider-range " + current_radio_name + " " 
+ s).trimmed ().split (',', SkipEmptyParts);
      CAT_TRACE ("\t" << s << ": {" << range.join (", ") << "}");
      HRD_info << "\t" << s << ": {" << range.join (", ") << "}\n";
      sliders_[s] = range;
    }

  // set RX VFO
  rx_A_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(RX~A)$"));
  rx_B_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(RX~B)$"));

  // select VFO (sometime set as well)
  vfo_A_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(VFO~A|Main)$"));
  vfo_B_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(VFO~B|Sub)$"));

  vfo_toggle_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(A~/~B|VFO~A/B)$"));

  split_mode_button_ = find_button (QRegExp 
("^(Spl~On|Spl_On|Split|Split~On)$"));
  split_off_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(Spl~Off|Spl_Off|Split~Off)$"));

  if ((split_mode_dropdown_ = find_dropdown (QRegExp ("^(Split)$"))) >= 0)
    {
      split_mode_dropdown_selection_on_ = find_dropdown_selection 
(split_mode_dropdown_, QRegExp ("^(On)$"));
      split_mode_dropdown_selection_off_ = find_dropdown_selection 
(split_mode_dropdown_, QRegExp ("^(Off)$"));
    }
  else if ((receiver_dropdown_ = find_dropdown (QRegExp ("^Receiver$"))) >= 0)
    {
      rx_A_selection_ = find_dropdown_selection (receiver_dropdown_, QRegExp 
("^(RX / Off)$"));
      rx_B_selection_ = find_dropdown_selection (receiver_dropdown_, QRegExp 
("^(Mute / RX)$"));
    }

  tx_A_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(TX~main|TX~-~A|TX~A)$"));
  tx_B_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(TX~sub|TX~-~B|TX~B)$"));

  if ((mode_A_dropdown_ = find_dropdown (QRegExp ("^(Main Mode|Mode|Mode 
A)$"))) >= 0)
    {
      map_modes (mode_A_dropdown_, &mode_A_map_);
    }
  else
    {
      Q_ASSERT (mode_A_dropdown_ <= 0);
    }

  if ((mode_B_dropdown_ = find_dropdown (QRegExp ("^(Sub Mode|Mode B)$"))) >= 0)
    {
      map_modes (mode_B_dropdown_, &mode_B_map_);
    }

  // Can't do this with ^Data$ as the button name because some Kenwood
  // rigs have a "Data" button which is for turning the DSP on and off
  // so we must filter by rig name as well
  if (current_radio_name.startsWith ("IC")) // works with Icom transceivers
    {
      data_mode_toggle_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(Data)$"));
    }

  data_mode_on_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(DATA-ON\\(mid\\))$"));
  data_mode_off_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(DATA-OFF)$"));

  // Some newer Icoms have a Data drop down with (Off,On,D1,D2,D3)
  // Some newer Icoms have a Data drop down with (Off,D1,D2,D3)
  // Some newer Icoms (IC-7300) have a Data drop down with
  // (Off,,D1-FIL1,D1-FIL2,D1-FIL3) the missing value counts as an
  // index value - I think it is a drop down separator line - this
  // appears to be an HRD defect and we cannot work around it
  if ((data_mode_dropdown_ = find_dropdown (QRegExp ("^(Data)$"))) >= 0)
    {
      data_mode_dropdown_selection_on_ = find_dropdown_selection 
(data_mode_dropdown_, QRegExp ("^(On|Data1|D1|D1-FIL1)$"));
      data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_ = find_dropdown_selection 
(data_mode_dropdown_, QRegExp ("^(Off)$"));
    }

  ptt_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(TX)$"));
  alt_ptt_button_ = find_button (QRegExp ("^(TX~Alt|TX~Data)$"));

  if (vfo_count_ == 1 && ((vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && vfo_A_button_ >= 0) || 
vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0))
    {
      // put the rig into a known state for tricky cases like Icoms

      auto f = send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ();
      auto m = get_data_mode (lookup_mode (get_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_), 
mode_A_map_));
      set_button (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_B_button_ : vfo_toggle_button_);
      auto fo = send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ();
      update_other_frequency (fo);
      auto mo = get_data_mode (lookup_mode (get_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_), 
mode_A_map_));
      set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_A_button_ : vfo_toggle_button_);
      if (f != fo || m != mo)
        {
          // we must have started with A/MAIN
          update_rx_frequency (f);
          update_mode (m);
        }
      else
        {
          update_rx_frequency (send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ());
          update_mode (get_data_mode (lookup_mode (get_dropdown 
(mode_A_dropdown_), mode_A_map_)));
        }
    }

  int resolution {0};
  auto f = send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ();
  if (f && !(f % 10))
    {
      auto test_frequency = f - f % 100 + 55;
      send_simple_command ("set frequency-hz " + QString::number 
(test_frequency));
      auto new_frequency = send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ();
      switch (static_cast<Radio::FrequencyDelta> (new_frequency - 
test_frequency))
        {
        case -5: resolution = -1; break;  // 10Hz truncated
        case 5: resolution = 1; break;    // 10Hz rounded
        case -15: resolution = -2; break; // 20Hz truncated
        case -55: resolution = -2; break; // 100Hz truncated
        case 45: resolution = 2; break;   // 100Hz rounded
        }
      if (1 == resolution)      // may be 20Hz rounded
        {
          test_frequency = f - f % 100 + 51;
          send_simple_command ("set frequency-hz " + QString::number 
(test_frequency));
          new_frequency = send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ();
          if (9 == static_cast<Radio::FrequencyDelta> (new_frequency - 
test_frequency))
            {
              resolution = 2;   // 20Hz rounded
            }
        }
      send_simple_command ("set frequency-hz " + QString::number (f));
    }
  return resolution;
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_stop ()
{
  if (hrd_)
    {
      hrd_->close ();
    }

  if (wrapped_) wrapped_->stop ();
  CAT_TRACE ("stopped" << state () << "reversed" << reversed_);
}

int HRDTransceiver::find_button (QRegExp const& re) const
{
  return buttons_.indexOf (re);
}

int HRDTransceiver::find_dropdown (QRegExp const& re) const
{
  return dropdown_names_.indexOf (re);
}

std::vector<int> HRDTransceiver::find_dropdown_selection (int dropdown, QRegExp 
const& re) const
{
  std::vector<int> indices;     // this will always contain at least a
                                // -1
  auto list = dropdowns_.value (dropdown_names_.value (dropdown));
  int index {0};
  while (-1 != (index = list.lastIndexOf (re, index - 1)))
    {
      // search backwards because more specialized modes tend to be
      // later in list
      indices.push_back (index);
      if (!index)
        {
          break;
        }
    }
  return indices;
}

void HRDTransceiver::map_modes (int dropdown, ModeMap *map)
{
  // order matters here (both in the map and in the regexps)
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (CW, find_dropdown_selection (dropdown, 
QRegExp ("^(CW|CW\\(N\\)|CW-LSB|CWL)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (CW_R, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(CW-R|CW-R\\(N\\)|CW|CW-USB|CWU)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (LSB, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(LSB\\(N\\)|LSB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (USB, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(USB\\(N\\)|USB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (DIG_U, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(DIG|DIGU|DATA-U|PKT-U|DATA|AFSK|USER-U|USB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (DIG_L, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(DIG|DIGL|DATA-L|PKT-L|DATA-R|USER-L|LSB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (FSK, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(DIG|FSK|RTTY|RTTY-LSB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (FSK_R, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(DIG|FSK-R|RTTY-R|RTTY|RTTY-USB)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (AM, find_dropdown_selection (dropdown, 
QRegExp ("^(AM|DSB|SAM|DRM)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (FM, find_dropdown_selection (dropdown, 
QRegExp ("^(FM|FM\\(N\\)|FM-N|WFM)$"))));
  map->push_back (std::forward_as_tuple (DIG_FM, find_dropdown_selection 
(dropdown, QRegExp ("^(PKT-FM|PKT|DATA\\(FM\\)|FM)$"))));

  CAT_TRACE ("for dropdown" << dropdown_names_[dropdown]);
  std::for_each (map->begin (), map->end (), [this, dropdown] 
(ModeMap::value_type const& item)
                 {
                   auto const& rhs = std::get<1> (item);
                   CAT_TRACE ('\t' << std::get<0> (item) << "<->" << (rhs.size 
() ? dropdowns_[dropdown_names_[dropdown]][rhs.front ()] : "None"));
                 });
}

int HRDTransceiver::lookup_mode (MODE mode, ModeMap const& map) const
{
  auto it = std::find_if (map.begin (), map.end (), [mode] (ModeMap::value_type 
const& item) {return std::get<0> (item) == mode;});
  if (map.end () == it)
    {
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: rig doesn't support mode")};
    }
  return std::get<1> (*it).front ();
}

auto HRDTransceiver::lookup_mode (int mode, ModeMap const& map) const -> MODE
{
  if (mode < 0)
    {
      return UNK;               // no mode dropdown
    }

  auto it = std::find_if (map.begin (), map.end (), [mode] (ModeMap::value_type 
const& item)
                          {
                            auto const& indices = std::get<1> (item);
                            return indices.cend () != std::find (indices.cbegin 
(), indices.cend (), mode);
                          });
  if (map.end () == it)
    {
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: sent an unrecognised mode")};
    }
  return std::get<0> (*it);
}

int HRDTransceiver::get_dropdown (int dd)
{
  if (dd < 0)
    {
      return -1;                // no dropdown to interrogate
    }

  auto dd_name = dropdown_names_.value (dd);
  auto reply = send_command ("get dropdown-text {" + dd_name + "}");
  auto colon_index = reply.indexOf (':');

  if (colon_index < 0)
    {
      return -1;
    }

  Q_ASSERT (reply.left (colon_index).trimmed () == dd_name);
  return dropdowns_.value (dropdown_names_.value (dd)).indexOf (reply.mid 
(colon_index + 1).trimmed ());
}

void HRDTransceiver::set_dropdown (int dd, int value)
{
  auto dd_name = dropdown_names_.value (dd);
  if (value >= 0)
    {
      send_simple_command ("set dropdown " + dd_name.replace (' ', '~') + ' ' + 
dropdowns_.value (dd_name).value (value).replace (' ', '~') + ' ' + 
QString::number (value));
    }
  else
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("item" << value << "not found in" << dd_name);
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: item not found in %1 dropdown 
list").arg (dd_name)};
    }
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_ptt (bool on)
{
  CAT_TRACE (on);
  if (use_for_ptt_)
    {
      if (alt_ptt_button_ >= 0 && TransceiverFactory::TX_audio_source_rear == 
audio_source_)
        {
          set_button (alt_ptt_button_, on);
        }
      else if (ptt_button_ >= 0)
        {
          set_button (ptt_button_, on);
        }
      // else
      // allow for pathological HRD rig interfaces that don't do
      // PTT by simply not even trying
    }
  else
    {
      Q_ASSERT (wrapped_);
      TransceiverState new_state {wrapped_->state ()};
      new_state.ptt (on);
      wrapped_->set (new_state, 0);
    }
  update_PTT (on);
}

void HRDTransceiver::set_button (int button_index, bool checked)
{
  if (button_index >= 0)
    {
      send_simple_command ("set button-select " + buttons_.value (button_index) 
+ (checked ? " 1" : " 0"));
      if (button_index == rx_A_button_ || button_index == rx_B_button_)
        {
          QThread::msleep (yaesu_delay);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("invalid button");
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: button not available")};
    }
}

void HRDTransceiver::set_data_mode (MODE m)
{
  if (data_mode_toggle_button_ >= 0)
    {
      switch (m)
        {
        case DIG_U:
        case DIG_L:
        case DIG_FM:
          set_button (data_mode_toggle_button_, true);
          break;
        default:
          set_button (data_mode_toggle_button_, false);
          break;
        }
    }
  else if (data_mode_on_button_ >= 0 && data_mode_off_button_ >= 0)
    {
      switch (m)
        {
        case DIG_U:
        case DIG_L:
        case DIG_FM:
          set_button (data_mode_on_button_, true);
          break;
        default:
          set_button (data_mode_off_button_, true);
          break;
        }
    }
  else if (data_mode_dropdown_ >= 0
      && data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.size ()
      && data_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.size ())
    {
      switch (m)
        {
        case DIG_U:
        case DIG_L:
        case DIG_FM:
          set_dropdown (data_mode_dropdown_, 
data_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.front ());
          break;
        default:
          set_dropdown (data_mode_dropdown_, 
data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.front ());
          break;
        }
    }
}

auto HRDTransceiver::get_data_mode (MODE m) -> MODE
{
  if (data_mode_dropdown_ >= 0
      && data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.size ())
    {
      auto selection = get_dropdown (data_mode_dropdown_);
      // can't check for on here as there may be multiple on values so
      // we must rely on the initial parse finding valid on values
      if (selection >= 0 && selection != 
data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.front ())
        {
          switch (m)
            {
            case USB: m = DIG_U; break;
            case LSB: m = DIG_L; break;
            case FM: m = DIG_FM; break;
            default: break;
            }
        }
    }
  return m;
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_frequency (Frequency f, MODE m, bool /*no_ignore*/)
{
  CAT_TRACE (f << "reversed" << reversed_);
  if (UNK != m)
    {
      do_mode (m);
    }
  auto fo_string = QString::number (f);
  if (vfo_count_ > 1 && reversed_)
    {
      auto frequencies = send_command ("get frequencies").trimmed ().split 
('-', SkipEmptyParts);
      send_simple_command ("set frequencies-hz " + QString::number 
(frequencies[0].toUInt ()) + ' ' + fo_string);
    }
  else
    {
      send_simple_command ("set frequency-hz " + QString::number (f));
    }
  update_rx_frequency (f);
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_tx_frequency (Frequency tx, MODE mode, bool 
/*no_ignore*/)
{
  CAT_TRACE (tx << "reversed" << reversed_);

  // re-check if reversed VFOs
  bool rx_A {true};
  bool rx_B {false};
  if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0 && rx_A_selection_.size ())
    {
      auto selection = get_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_);
      rx_A = selection == rx_A_selection_.front ();
      if (!rx_A && rx_B_selection_.size ())
        {
          rx_B = selection == rx_B_selection_.front ();
        }
    }
  else if (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 || rx_B_button_ >= 0)
    {
      rx_A = is_button_checked (rx_A_button_ >= 0 ? rx_A_button_ : 
vfo_A_button_);
      if (!rx_A)
        {
          rx_B = is_button_checked (rx_B_button_ >= 0 ? rx_B_button_ : 
vfo_B_button_);
        }
    }
  reversed_ = rx_B;

  bool split {tx != 0};
  if (split)
    {
      if (mode != UNK)
        {
          if (!reversed_ && mode_B_dropdown_ >= 0)
            {
              set_dropdown (mode_B_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_B_map_));
            }
          else if (reversed_ && mode_B_dropdown_ >= 0)
            {
              set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_A_map_));
            }
          else
            {
              Q_ASSERT (mode_A_dropdown_ >= 0 && ((vfo_A_button_ >=0 && 
vfo_B_button_ >=0) || vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0));

              if (rx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (reversed_ ? rx_A_button_ : rx_B_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_data_mode (mode);
                  set_button (reversed_ ? rx_B_button_ : rx_A_button_);
                }
              else if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0
                       && rx_A_selection_.size () && rx_B_selection_.size ())
                {
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, (reversed_ ? 
rx_A_selection_ : rx_B_selection_).front ());
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_data_mode (mode);
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, (reversed_ ? 
rx_B_selection_ : rx_A_selection_).front ());
                }
              else if (vfo_count_ > 1 && ((vfo_A_button_ >=0 && vfo_B_button_ 
>=0) || vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0))
                {
                  set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? (reversed_ ? vfo_A_button_ : 
vfo_B_button_) : vfo_toggle_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_data_mode (mode);
                  set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? (reversed_ ? vfo_B_button_ : 
vfo_A_button_) : vfo_toggle_button_);
                }
              // else Tx VFO mode gets set with frequency below or we
              // don't have a way of setting it so we assume it is
              // always the same as the Rx VFO mode
            }
        }

      auto fo_string = QString::number (tx);
      if (reversed_)
        {
          Q_ASSERT (vfo_count_ > 1);

          auto frequencies = send_command ("get frequencies").trimmed ().split 
('-', SkipEmptyParts);
          send_simple_command ("set frequencies-hz " + fo_string + ' ' + 
QString::number (frequencies[1].toUInt ()));
        }
      else
        {
          if (vfo_count_ > 1)
            {
              auto frequencies = send_command ("get frequencies").trimmed 
().split ('-', SkipEmptyParts);
              send_simple_command ("set frequencies-hz " + QString::number 
(frequencies[0].toUInt ()) + ' ' + fo_string);
            }
          else if ((vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && vfo_A_button_ >= 0) || 
vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0)
            {
              // we rationalise the modes here as well as the frequencies
              set_button (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_B_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
              send_simple_command ("set frequency-hz " + fo_string);
              if (mode != UNK && mode_B_dropdown_ < 0)
                {
                  // do this here rather than later so we only
                  // toggle/switch VFOs once
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_data_mode (mode);
                }
              set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_A_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
            }
        }
    }
  update_other_frequency (tx);

  if (split_mode_button_ >= 0)
    {
      if (split_off_button_ >= 0 && !split)
        {
          set_button (split_off_button_);
        }
      else
        {
          set_button (split_mode_button_, split);
        }
    }
  else if (split_mode_dropdown_ >= 0
           && split_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.size ()
           && split_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.size ())
    {
      set_dropdown (split_mode_dropdown_, split ? 
split_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.front () : 
split_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.front ());
    }
  else if (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 && vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && tx_A_button_ >= 0 && 
tx_B_button_ >= 0)
    {
      if (split)
        {
          if (reversed_ != is_button_checked (tx_A_button_))
            {
              if (rx_A_button_ >= 0 && rx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (reversed_ ? rx_B_button_ : rx_A_button_);
                }
              else if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0
                       && rx_A_selection_.size () && rx_B_selection_.size ())
                {
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, (reversed_ ? 
rx_B_selection_ : rx_A_selection_).front ());
                }
              else
                {
                  set_button (reversed_ ? vfo_B_button_ : vfo_A_button_);
                }
              set_button (reversed_ ? tx_A_button_ : tx_B_button_);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (reversed_ != is_button_checked (tx_B_button_))
            {
              if (rx_A_button_ >= 0 && rx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (reversed_ ? rx_B_button_ : rx_A_button_);
                }
              else if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0
                       && rx_A_selection_.size () && rx_B_selection_.size ())
                {
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, (reversed_ ? 
rx_B_selection_ : rx_A_selection_).front ());
                }
              else
                {
                  set_button (reversed_ ? vfo_B_button_ : vfo_A_button_);
                }
              set_button (reversed_ ? tx_B_button_ : tx_A_button_);
            }
        }
    }
  update_split (split);
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_mode (MODE mode)
{
  CAT_TRACE (mode);
  if (reversed_ && mode_B_dropdown_ >= 0)
    {
      set_dropdown (mode_B_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_B_map_));
    }
  else
    {
      set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_A_map_));
    }
  if (mode != UNK && state ().split ()) // rationalise mode if split
    {
      if (reversed_)
        {
          if (mode_B_dropdown_ >= 0)
            {
              set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_A_map_));
            }
          else
            {
              Q_ASSERT ((vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && vfo_A_button_ >= 0) || 
vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0);

              if (rx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (rx_A_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_button (rx_B_button_);
                }
              else if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0
                       && rx_A_selection_.size () && rx_B_selection_.size ())
                {
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, rx_A_selection_.front ());
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, rx_B_selection_.front ());
                }
              else if (vfo_count_ > 1 && ((vfo_A_button_ >=0 && vfo_B_button_ 
>=0) || vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0))
                {
                  set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_A_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_button (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_B_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
                }
              // else Tx VFO mode gets set when Tx VFO frequency is
              // set

              if ( tx_A_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (tx_A_button_);
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (mode_B_dropdown_ >= 0)
            {
              set_dropdown (mode_B_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, mode_B_map_));
            }
          else
            {
              Q_ASSERT ((vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && vfo_A_button_ >= 0) || 
vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0);

              if (rx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (rx_B_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_button (rx_A_button_);
                }
              else if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0
                       && rx_A_selection_.size () && rx_B_selection_.size ())
                {
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, rx_B_selection_.front ());
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_, rx_A_selection_.front ());
                }
              else if (vfo_count_ > 1 && ((vfo_A_button_ >=0 && vfo_B_button_ 
>=0) || vfo_toggle_button_ >= 0))
                {
                  set_button (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_B_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
                  set_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_, lookup_mode (mode, 
mode_A_map_));
                  set_button (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 ? vfo_A_button_ : 
vfo_toggle_button_);
                }
              // else Tx VFO mode gets set when Tx VFO frequency is
              // set

              if ( tx_B_button_ >= 0)
                {
                  set_button (tx_B_button_);
                }
            }
        }
    }
  set_data_mode (mode);
  update_mode (mode);
}

bool HRDTransceiver::is_button_checked (int button_index)
{
  if (button_index < 0)
    {
      return false;
    }

  auto reply = send_command ("get button-select " + buttons_.value 
(button_index));
  if ("1" != reply && "0" != reply)
    {
      CAT_ERROR ("bad response");
      throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe didn't respond as expected")};
    }
  return "1" == reply;
}

void HRDTransceiver::do_poll ()
{
  CAT_TRACE ("+++++++ poll dump +++++++");
  CAT_TRACE ("reversed:" << reversed_);
  is_button_checked (vfo_A_button_);
  is_button_checked (vfo_B_button_);
  is_button_checked (vfo_toggle_button_);
  is_button_checked (split_mode_button_);
  is_button_checked (split_off_button_);
  is_button_checked (rx_A_button_);
  is_button_checked (rx_B_button_);
  get_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_);
  is_button_checked (tx_A_button_);
  is_button_checked (tx_B_button_);
  is_button_checked (ptt_button_);
  is_button_checked (alt_ptt_button_);
  get_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_);
  get_dropdown (mode_B_dropdown_);
  is_button_checked (data_mode_toggle_button_);
  is_button_checked (data_mode_on_button_);
  is_button_checked (data_mode_off_button_);
  if (data_mode_dropdown_ >=0
      && data_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.size ()
      && data_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.size ())
    {
      get_dropdown (data_mode_dropdown_);
    }
  if (!split_mode_dropdown_write_only_)
    {
      get_dropdown (split_mode_dropdown_);
    }
  CAT_TRACE ("------- poll dump -------");

  if (split_off_button_ >= 0)
    {
      // we are probably dealing with an Icom and have to guess SPLIT mode :(
    }
  else if (split_mode_button_ >= 0 && !(tx_A_button_ >= 0 && tx_B_button_ >= 0))
    {
      update_split (is_button_checked (split_mode_button_));
    }
  else if (split_mode_dropdown_ >= 0)
    {
      if (!split_mode_dropdown_write_only_)
        {
          auto selection = get_dropdown (split_mode_dropdown_);
          if (selection >= 0
              && split_mode_dropdown_selection_off_.size ())
            {
              update_split (selection == 
split_mode_dropdown_selection_on_.front ());
            }
          else
            {
              // leave split alone as we can't query it - it should be
              // correct so long as rig or HRD haven't been changed
              split_mode_dropdown_write_only_ = true;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (vfo_A_button_ >= 0 && vfo_B_button_ >= 0 && tx_A_button_ >= 0 && 
tx_B_button_ >= 0)
    {
      bool rx_A {true};         // no Rx taken as not reversed
      bool rx_B {false};

      auto tx_A = is_button_checked (tx_A_button_);

      // some rigs have dual Rx, we take VFO A/MAIN receiving as
      // normal and only say reversed when only VFO B/SUB is active
      // i.e. VFO A/MAIN muted VFO B/SUB active
      if (receiver_dropdown_ >= 0 && rx_A_selection_.size ())
        {
          auto selection = get_dropdown (receiver_dropdown_);
          rx_A = selection == rx_A_selection_.front ();
          if (!rx_A && rx_B_selection_.size ())
            {
              rx_B = selection == rx_B_selection_.front ();
            }
        }
      else if (vfo_B_button_ >= 0 || rx_B_button_ >= 0)
        {
          rx_A = is_button_checked (rx_A_button_ >= 0 ? rx_A_button_ : 
vfo_A_button_);
          if (!rx_A)
            {
              rx_B = is_button_checked (rx_B_button_ >= 0 ? rx_B_button_ : 
vfo_B_button_);
            }
        }

      update_split (rx_B == tx_A);
      reversed_ = rx_B;
    }

  if (vfo_count_ > 1)
    {
      auto frequencies = send_command ("get frequencies").trimmed ().split 
('-', SkipEmptyParts);
      update_rx_frequency (frequencies[reversed_ ? 1 : 0].toUInt ());
      update_other_frequency (frequencies[reversed_ ? 0 : 1].toUInt ());
    }
  else
    {
      // read frequency is unreliable on single VFO addressing rigs
      // while transmitting
      if (!state ().ptt ())
        {
          update_rx_frequency (send_command ("get frequency").toUInt ());
        }
    }

  // read mode is unreliable on single VFO addressing rigs while
  // transmitting
  if (vfo_count_ > 1 || !state ().ptt ())
    {
      update_mode (get_data_mode (lookup_mode (get_dropdown (mode_A_dropdown_), 
mode_A_map_)));
    }
}

QString HRDTransceiver::send_command (QString const& cmd, bool prepend_context, 
bool recurse)
{
  if (!hrd_) return QString {};

  QString result;

  if (current_radio_ && prepend_context && vfo_count_ < 2)
    {
      // required on some radios because commands don't get executed
      // correctly otherwise (ICOM for example)
      QThread::msleep (50);
   }

  if (!recurse && prepend_context)
    {
      auto radio_name = send_command ("get radio", current_radio_, true);
      qDebug () << "HRDTransceiver::send_command: radio_name:" << radio_name;
      auto radio_iter = std::find_if (radios_.begin (), radios_.end (), 
[&radio_name] (RadioMap::value_type const& radio)
                                      {
                                        return std::get<1> (radio) == 
radio_name;
                                      });
      if (radio_iter == radios_.end ())
        {
          CAT_TRACE ("rig disappeared or changed");
          throw error {tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: rig has disappeared or changed")};
        }

      if (0u == current_radio_ || std::get<0> (*radio_iter) != current_radio_)
        {
          current_radio_ = std::get<0> (*radio_iter);
        }
    }

  auto context = '[' + QString::number (current_radio_) + "] ";

  if (QTcpSocket::ConnectedState != hrd_->state ())
    {
      CAT_ERROR (cmd << "failed" << hrd_->errorString ());
      throw error {
        tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe send command \"%1\" failed %2\n")
          .arg (cmd)
          .arg (hrd_->errorString ())
          };
    }

  if (v4 == protocol_)
    {
      auto message = ((prepend_context ? context + cmd : cmd) + 
"\r").toLocal8Bit ();
      if (!write_to_port (message.constData (), message.size ()))
        {
          CAT_ERROR ("failed to write command" << cmd << "to HRD");
          throw error {
            tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: failed to write command \"%1\"")
              .arg (cmd)
              };
        }
    }
  else
    {
      auto string = prepend_context ? context + cmd : cmd;
      QScopedPointer<HRDMessage> message {new (string) HRDMessage};
      if (!write_to_port (reinterpret_cast<char const *> (message.data ()), 
message->size_))
        {
          CAT_ERROR ("failed to write command" << cmd << "to HRD");
          throw error {
            tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe: failed to write command \"%1\"")
              .arg (cmd)
              };
        }
    }
  auto buffer = read_reply (cmd);
  if (v4 == protocol_)
    {
      result = QString {buffer}.trimmed ();
    }
  else
    {
      HRDMessage const * reply {new (buffer) HRDMessage};
      if (reply->magic_1_value_ != reply->magic_1_ && reply->magic_2_value_ != 
reply->magic_2_)
        {
          CAT_ERROR (cmd << "invalid reply");
          throw error {
            tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe sent an invalid reply to our command \"%1\"")
              .arg (cmd)
              };
        }

      // keep reading until expected size arrives
      while (buffer.size () - offsetof (HRDMessage, size_) < reply->size_)
        {
          CAT_TRACE (cmd << "reading more reply data");
          buffer += read_reply (cmd);
          reply = new (buffer) HRDMessage;
        }

      result = QString {reply->payload_}; // this is not a memory leak (honest!)
    }
  CAT_TRACE (cmd << " ->" << result);
  return result;
}

bool HRDTransceiver::write_to_port (char const * data, qint64 length)
{
  qint64 total_bytes_sent {0};
  while (total_bytes_sent < length)
    {
      auto bytes_sent = hrd_->write (data + total_bytes_sent, length - 
total_bytes_sent);
      if (bytes_sent < 0 || !hrd_->waitForBytesWritten ())
        {
          return false;
        }

      total_bytes_sent += bytes_sent;
    }
  return true;
}

QByteArray HRDTransceiver::read_reply (QString const& cmd)
{
  // waitForReadReady appears to be occasionally unreliable on Windows
  // timing out when data is waiting so retry a few times
  unsigned retries {30};
  bool replied {false};
  while (!replied && retries--)
    {
      replied = hrd_->waitForReadyRead ();
      if (!replied && hrd_->error () != hrd_->SocketTimeoutError)
        {
          CAT_ERROR (cmd << "failed to reply" << hrd_->errorString ());
          throw error {
            tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe failed to reply to command \"%1\" %2\n")
              .arg (cmd)
              .arg (hrd_->errorString ())
              };
        }
    }
  if (!replied)
    {
      CAT_ERROR (cmd << "retries exhausted");
      throw error {
        tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe retries exhausted sending command \"%1\"")
          .arg (cmd)
          };
    }
  return hrd_->readAll ();
}

void HRDTransceiver::send_simple_command (QString const& command)
{
  if ("OK" != send_command (command))
    {
      CAT_ERROR (command << "unexpected response");
      throw error {
        tr ("Ham Radio Deluxe didn't respond to command \"%1\" as expected")
          .arg (command)
          };
    }
}
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