Among other things, this document is saying that teaching time in schools will 
be progressively extended during the rollout of the Incremental Introduction of 
African languages (IIAL) between 2015 and 2026.
See the second item.
  _____  


 



 

10th Language and Development Conference

 

Lagoon Beach Hotel, Cape Town, 15 to 17 October 2013

 

Programme: Extracts

 

 

Message from H.E. Angie Motshekga, Minister of Basic Education

 

 

I am delighted to welcome you to the 10th International Language and 
Development Conference which is being hosted in Sub-Saharan Africa for the 
second time since its inception in 1993. Let me take this opportunity to extend 
our heartfelt gratitude to the conference conveners, AU-ACALAN, British 
Council, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) – South Africa, PRAESA and 
UNESCO. 

 

The conference seeks to support the Millennium Development Goals and among the 
key questions which the conference will deliberate is the role of English in an 
increasingly multicultural world. The AU-African Academy of Languages 
(AU-ACALAN) asserts that knowing a number of languages well is an absolutely 
normal state for human beings and puts forward this metaphor: 

 

“What kind of garden do we want? One with just one kind of flower, or one with 
many beautiful flowers?” 

 

Professor Alfred Mtenje, University of Malawi presents a view that may sum up 
the reality of learning English in African and multilingual contexts: 

 

“It is important to explain that multilingual education and its partnership 
with English should not create the wrong impression that the multilingual 
education policy is a replacement for English.” 

 

Governments throughout the world are trying to find ways in which English and 
other languages can work as complementary to each other. The key is to 
understand that the primary role of learning English is to act as a lingua 
franca among multilingual communities for whom English is an additional 
language. It is the sole working language of the Asian bloc and also acts as 
the main lingua franca in the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and 
South Africa. The multilingual speaker of English now vastly outnumbers the 
English native speaker. This has important implications for the varieties of 
English to be taught and the way in which it can be taught. There is no longer 
the need for non-native learners to approximate a native speaker variety of 
English; rather, they need to use English so that they can be understood by 
fellow multilinguals in national, regional and international settings. 

 

The English language curriculum, thus, needs to provide exposure in 
intercultural competence. This could include opportunity to study relevant 
literatures in English such as novels, poems and cultural texts written in 
local varieties of English. There is a huge treasury of African and Asian 
literature and cultural texts in English that can be used as teaching 
materials. 

 

The importance of local languages as languages of learning and teaching cannot 
be overestimated. If children are to master cognitively complex concepts, they 
can do this better in languages with which they are familiar. Learning subjects 
such as science and mathematics through English when their English proficiency 
is not sufficiently developed is sentencing them to failure. This often leads to 
tragic personal consequences for children and families, and also represents 
waste on a national scale. 

 

To this end in South Africa, from 2012, the phasing in of English in the 
curriculum starts in Grade 1, where English is offered as a subject at the 
First Additional Language whilst the Home Language is the language of learning 
and teaching in the first four years of schooling commencing from Grade R 
(reception year). In these early grades of schooling the focus is also on 
developing fluency and literacy in local languages to develop children’s sense 
of identity and self-worth. It also provides a key role for selected local 
languages in education and thus helps maintain these. Being literate in local 
languages will not only help children learn English, but will also allow them 
to view English critically, as a language of international communication. 

 

Evaluations of effective non-formal education programmes and mother 
tongue-based multilingual formal education in Ethiopia show that ‘local and 
regional language development has increased and democratized local expertise, 
skills, industry (translation services, printing and publishing), and permitted 
greater participation of women and other marginalized groups in local and 
regional decision-making’. 

 

The information technology and creative sectors have found that investing in 
African languages opens doors for many people. Nigeria has the second largest 
film industry in the world. A key element of its success story is 
multilingualism; 56 per cent of the films are in African languages and 44 per 
cent in English suggests that ‘Nollywood’s’ own images have a healing effect 
following the trauma of colonization. The products and services of the ICT and 
the creative sectors, and also language industries, require personnel with 
complex linguistic communicative competences. 

 

The potential of African languages 

 

There is a view that wanting to integrate African languages into the formal 
school system requires too much time and resources to develop the vocabulary of 
these languages, to train teachers, as well as to prepare teaching and learning 
materials. 

 

Research and practice prove that languages develop through use and that African 
languages can be used as languages of education right up to the end of tertiary 
education. In Mali a committed university professor teaches physics and 
chemistry in the local language. In Somalia it took nine years to develop the 
Somali language and is used up to Year 12 in formal education. Ethiopia, one of 
the poorest countries in the world, has developed 23 languages for use as 
mediums of instruction in primary schools and advanced 13 languages for similar 
use in about 15 years. 

 

Currently, South Africa has embarked on an Incremental Introduction of African 
languages (IIAL) policy. The IIAL policy will be implemented incrementally 
commencing in Grade 1 in 2015 and will continue until 2026 when it will be 
implemented in Grade 12. 

 

Research and current effective practice in education suggests a much higher 
rate of return on investment from mother tongue-based multilingual education in 
the medium and long-term. The lessons learnt from mother tongue and bilingual 
education in Africa is that the combination of optimizing language use and 
adopting relevant and high-quality curricula, teaching methods and materials 
will result in higher achievement, lower drop-out and repeater rates throughout 
the education system and will result in more learners being able to meet the 
challenges of the 21st century. 

 

We must see multilingualism and cultural diversity as assets and local 
languages as resources that should enrich us all as a global community. May I 
end by urging you to engage robustly in the language discourses tabled for this 
conference and enhance its objectives. 

 

I thank you. 

 

Ms A Motshekga, MP 

 

 

 

The Incremental Introduction of African Languages (IIAL)

 

 

Dr Jennifer Joshua, Director: Curriculum, Implementation & Quality Improvement 
(GET)

 

The Incremental Introduction of African Languages (IIAL) policy intends to 
promote and develop the previously marginalised languages thereby increasing 
the use of African languages by all learners in the school system. The policy 
also aims to increase access to languages beyond English and Afrikaans by all 
learners, and promote social cohesion as a significant way of preserving 
heritage and culture. 

 

The IIAL will require learners to offer three languages, one of which will be 
an African language. The previously marginalized languages will be prioritized. 
The IIAL policy will be implemented incrementally commencing in Grade 1 in 2015 
and will continue until 2026 when it will be implemented in Grade 12. Full 
implementation of the IIAL will be preceded by a pilot in Grade 1 in 2014. The 
pilot will target schools that are currently not offering African languages. 

 

The successful implementation of the IIAL is reliant on teacher availability. 
DBE and provinces are working on a model to ensure incremental provision of 
African language teachers in grades that are implementing IIAL. This is to 
ensure that schools that are implementing are provided with qualified African 
language teachers. The Department will also ensure that there is enough LTSM 
available in the previously marginalised languages at FAL level. 

 

The instructional time for Grades 1 and 2 will need to be extended to 
accommodate the teaching of a third language by two hours per week (24 minutes 
per day). Grade 3 will need to be extended by three hours per week (36 minutes 
per day). Grades 4-12 will need to be extended by five hours per week (one hour 
per day). 

 

·        Jennifer Joshua is the Director: Curriculum Implementation and Quality 
Improvement (GET) in the Department of Basic Education (DBE). Her experience in 
education spans 35 years and she has served in different capacities as a 
Foundation Phase teacher; teacher trainer; subject advisor; provincial 
curriculum co-ordinator. Her responsibilities in DBE in the last ten years 
include the curriculum project manager for GET (2003-2006); Teacher 
Recruitment: Funza Lushaka project manager (2006-2008); Director: Foundations 
for Learning (2008-2011); Director: LTSM (2011- 2013); Director: Curriculum 
(June 2013 to date). Dr Joshua has a keen interest in issues of language and 
the research for both her Master of Education and Doctor of Education degrees 
were on language policy implementation. 

 

 

 

 

The Role of the Lingua Franca Kiswahili in Sub-Saharan Africa

 

Dr Nancy Kahaviza Ayodi, Maasai Mara University, Kenya

Chair: Professor Jean Baxen

Rapporteur: Amalia Dickie

 

A lingua franca (or working language, bridge language, vehicular language, 
unifying language) is a language systematically used to make communication 
possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it’s a 
third language, distinct from both mother tongues. I investigate and examine 
the role of the lingua-franca Kiswahili in Sub-Saharan Africa and examine and 
establish the opportunities that exist for Kiswahili language, its role, 
challenges to its growth and possible solutions coupled with its future beyond 
2015. My objective is to use my research to help language policy makers in 
Sub-Saharan Africa to develop Kiswahili so as to equal other lingua-francas in 
the region. Thus, Kiswahili has the opportunity of becoming the language of 
identity and unification for Sub-Saharan Africa. 

 

·        Nancy Kahaviza Ayodi is currently teaching at Maasai Mara University, 
Narok, Kenya and holds a Doctoral degree in Kiswahili: ‘Matumizi ya Tashtiti 
katikaTtamthilia za Kiswahili.’

 

 

 

From: 
http://www.britishcouncil.org.za/languageconference/programme/10th-language-and-development-conference-programme

 

Download the full programme from: 
http://www.britishcouncil.org.za/files/2013/02/10th-Language-and-Development-Conference-programme.pdf

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