Dear list, I am having a doubt that the supreme court which has given judgement, that it has canceled the pill or it has given the central govt to give 3% reservation in promotion.
On 11/22/14, rajasekhar <rajasekhar.vij...@gmail.com> wrote: > Can someone forward copies of the Bombay high court and supreme court > judgments on reservation policy for PWDs. > Please send the copies to my email ID > rajasekhar.vij...@gmail.com > Regards, > Rajasekhar > > > -----Original Message----- > From: AccessIndia [mailto:accessindia-boun...@accessindia.org.in] On Behalf > Of avinash shahi > Sent: Friday, November 21, 2014 11:20 PM > To: accessindia; jnuvision > Subject: [AI] Special post: In Self-Driving Cars, a Potential Lifeline for > the Disabled > > By PAUL STENQUISTNOV > Inside Photo Audi is testing its self-driving cars on California > roads. Credit Audi of America > The self-driving car, embraced as a stress-reducing convenience for > harried drivers and a potential advance in road safety, could also > prove to be a life-changing breakthrough for many people with > disabilities, granting them a new measure of independence. > While much of the necessary technology is well along in development, > those awaiting vehicles that can provide unassisted transportation > will have to be patient. > Self-driving cars have been the stuff of science fiction and > experimentation since the early days of the automobile. In 1925, Time > magazine carried an article about a car that cruised New York City > streets without a driver, guided by radio control. The General Motors > Futurama exhibition at the 1939 New York World's Fair depicted a > future of self-driving cars by the industrial designer Norman Bel > Geddes. > The Bel Geddes vision, with its implications for the disabled, may be > getting closer to reality. Automakers have demonstrated cars capable > of self-driving operation, and in August the chief executive of > Nissan, Carlos Ghosn, said the automaker would offer a car with > "autonomous drive technology" by 2020. > Photo Nissan, one of the companies that has shown self-driving > vehicles in public, has announced that it will offer autonomous > vehicles by 2020. Credit Nissan North America Mr. Ghosn did not > promise a vehicle that could be operated without a driver at the > wheel, and a Nissan spokeswoman, Wendy Payne, said the company had not > studied the disability issue. > Confirming that Nissan's first self-driving car would require an able > driver, she said that all automakers were taking that approach: "At > this point, the driver has to be able to operate the vehicle." > G.M. is among the makers demonstrating self-driving prototypes, and a > driver-assistance technology that it calls Super Cruise, to be > introduced in 2017 model Cadillacs, makes partly autonomous operation > possible on the highway. Still, the company is reserved in its > optimism. > "We believe that one day there will be fully automated cars that drive > themselves under all circumstances," a G.M. spokesman, Dan Flores, > said about the potential of driverless vehicles for the handicapped. > "A lot of societal benefits are possible, but we're years away from > achieving those benefits." > > Audi recently obtained a permit to test self-driving cars on > California roads. But the cars are equipped with manual controls so a > driver can take over if necessary. > "Present-day tech developed by every automaker and accepted by state > laws requires human ability to take over," a company spokesman, Brad > Stertz, wrote in an email. "Fully autonomous driving is mostly a human > generation away, no matter who is making promises." > Google is making promises, or at least offering suggestions. The > company, which declined to provide an interview for this article, has > developed two prototypes. The first was a standard vehicle fitted with > sensors, hardware and computers that enabled self-driving. Equipped > with steering wheel and brakes, it could be operated by a backup > driver in an emergency. > The second-generation Google car is entirely driverless and has no > steering wheel or brake pedal. Driver intervention is impossible, even > in an emergency, so its design would be appropriate for people > physically unable to operate a vehicle. > In a blog post last April, Chris Umson, director of Google's > self-driving car project, said the company was growing more optimistic > about reaching an achievable goal -- "a vehicle that operates fully > without human intervention." > In a statement provided to The Times, Google said that the potential > of a self-driver to help those with disabilities could be realized > only if the human operator were taken out of the equation. The company > maintains that denying the driver an active role in vehicle control > will also eliminate human error and improve driving safety. > Steve Mahan of Morgan Hill, Calif., executive director of the Santa > Clara Valley Blind Center, has ridden in both of Google's prototypes. > Mr. Mahon, 61, is legally blind. Google contacted him about three > years ago to discuss how self-driving vehicles might benefit the > disabled. He was offered a chance to experience Google's retrofitted > Toyota Prius and provide feedback. He has since ridden in the new > driverless prototype. > "My read on Google's approach is, how do you create vehicles that are > smart enough to drive on existing roadways," Mr. Mahan said in a phone > interview. "They're looking at a paradigm shift in transportation, > where the vehicles assume all of the driving tasks for efficiency and > safety." > He added: "I've been in the Google cars quite a bit in urban traffic > and highway. The technology is incredibly capable. They drive like > good drivers. I spoke to a programmer who helps define how the car > behaves. I told him, 'So you're the person who made these cars drive > like my wife.' " > Google's driverless vehicle is in testing. Because California law > requires that self-driving vehicles be fitted with backup manual > systems, the company has installed a temporary steering wheel and > controls. On a website devoted to the car, Google said, "We'll remove > these manual controls after the prototypes have finished being tested > and permitted, because our vehicles are ultimately designed to operate > without a human driver." > The marketplace -- together with regulators -- could have the final say > as to what type of autonomous car is ultimately offered for sale and > whether the vehicle could accommodate those incapable of controlling > the car manually. > Research doesn't suggest that a clear majority of drivers are eager to > turn the wheel over to a robotic driver. A survey by the Pew Research > Center and Smithsonian magazine, for example, found that 48 percent of > Americans would be interested in a self-driving car; 50 percent would > not. The survey did not attempt to determine whether those who were > accepting of self-driving technology would be willing to relinquish > all control to a vehicle without a steering wheel or brake pedal. > The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration has not > issued regulations for self-driving vehicles, and it would not comment > for the record in regard to potential rules. But it has issued > guidelines for on-road testing and advised the states in regard to > on-road operation. > In a statement, the safety agency said that fully automated vehicles > required further testing and should be equipped with backup steering > and brake controls during the testing period. That means that a driver > must be capable of taking control of the vehicle -- an action that may > not be feasible for people with severe disabilities. > Not everyone who lacks the mobility needed to drive a conventional car > wants a driverless car. Bruce Chargo, a 55-year-old financial planner > from Clio, Mich., who is paralyzed below his chest and has no control > of his hands, feet or back muscles, drives specially equipped vehicles > with his upper arms and head. > "A self-driving car isn't for me," he said in a telephone interview. > "There are very few things I can do independently, but I can drive. If > self-driving cars reach dealer showrooms, funding for vehicles like > mine might not be available. That concerns me." > But Mr. Mahan, the director of the center for blind people, wants to > be mobile as well, and alternative-control systems can't enable a > vision-impaired driver. > "I miss driving," he said. "My experience with Google has been > terrific, and I want it to happen. Everyone in the blind community > wants it to happen." > http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/automobiles/in-self-driving-cars-a-potenti > al-lifeline-for-the-disabled.html?_r=0 > > > -- > Avinash Shahi > Doctoral student at Centre for Law and Governance JNU > > Clean India Campaign: Let us also chip in! > > > > Register at the dedicated AccessIndia list for discussing accessibility of > mobile phones / Tabs on: > http://mail.accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/mobile.accessindia_accessind > ia.org.in > > > Search for old postings at: > http://www.mail-archive.com/accessindia@accessindia.org.in/ > > To unsubscribe send a message to > accessindia-requ...@accessindia.org.in > with the subject unsubscribe. > > To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, > please > visit the list home page at > http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in > > > Disclaimer: > 1. Contents of the mails, factual, or otherwise, reflect the thinking of > the > person sending the mail and AI in no way relates itself to its veracity; > > 2. AI cannot be held liable for any commission/omission based on the mails > sent through this mailing list.. > > > Clean India Campaign: Let us also chip in! > > > > Register at the dedicated AccessIndia list for discussing accessibility of > mobile phones / Tabs on: > http://mail.accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/mobile.accessindia_accessindia.org.in > > > Search for old postings at: > http://www.mail-archive.com/accessindia@accessindia.org.in/ > > To unsubscribe send a message to > accessindia-requ...@accessindia.org.in > with the subject unsubscribe. > > To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, please > visit the list home page at > http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in > > > Disclaimer: > 1. Contents of the mails, factual, or otherwise, reflect the thinking of the > person sending the mail and AI in no way relates itself to its veracity; > > 2. AI cannot be held liable for any commission/omission based on the mails > sent through this mailing list.. > Clean India Campaign: Let us also chip in! Register at the dedicated AccessIndia list for discussing accessibility of mobile phones / Tabs on: http://mail.accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/mobile.accessindia_accessindia.org.in Search for old postings at: http://www.mail-archive.com/accessindia@accessindia.org.in/ To unsubscribe send a message to accessindia-requ...@accessindia.org.in with the subject unsubscribe. To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, please visit the list home page at http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in Disclaimer: 1. Contents of the mails, factual, or otherwise, reflect the thinking of the person sending the mail and AI in no way relates itself to its veracity; 2. AI cannot be held liable for any commission/omission based on the mails sent through this mailing list..
