On Tue, Jan 12, 2016 at 9:54 AM, LAU <> wrote:

> But, the definition of "deep learning" isn't it "*deep neural network 
> *learning"
> ? The word "deep" doesn't mean "extensive learning" or "learn with much
> effort" (*sorry, don't know the exact term, I'm french speaking people*).
> The word means "network with many layers". So, "deep learning" is necessary
> neural network.
>
> LAU
>

I guess you are right. My recollection is that they not only have multiple
layers but that the multiple layers can be specifically defined to respond
to different kinds of characteristics that the data may possess and these
different processing paths may be recombined in some way. So I think they
are like hybrids - at least to some extent.  But even if Deep Learning
refers to Neural Networks I still believe that some similar characteristics
can be found in other kinds of hybrids. However, I may have been projecting
my personal views onto the consensus definition a little too vigorously.

If you  look at the description in Wikiepedia it seems, for example, to
refer to non-linear transformations which are not necessarily neural
networks. My view is that there are other kinds of networks which can be
processed in ways to
>From Wikipedia:

*Deep learning* (*deep structured learning*, or *hierarchical learning*, or
sometimes *DL*, or more correctly *deep machine learning*) is a branch
of machine
learning <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning> based on a set of
algorithms <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm> that attempt to model
high-level abstractions in data by using multiple processing layers with
complex structures, or otherwise composed of multiple non-linear
transformations <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_transformation>.

Various deep learning architectures such as deep neural networks
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning#Deep_neural_networks>,
convolutional
deep neural networks
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network>, deep belief
networks <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_belief_network> and recurrent
neural networks <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_neural_network>
have been applied to fields like computer vision
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision>, automatic speech
recognition <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_speech_recognition>,
natural
language processing
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing>, audio
recognition and bioinformatics
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics> where they have been shown
to produce state-of-the-art results on various tasks.

Alternatively, *deep learning* has been characterized as a buzzword
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzzword>, or a rebranding of neural networks
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network>



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