This proposed patch is too strong, as it says that locale-specific quotes in English messages should use British-English style quoting (with single quotes) and it discourages American English quoting, (with double quotes). Many (perhaps most) GNU programs use American English spelling, and it'd be pretty weird for the coding standards to suggest British English quoting; if anything, the suggestion should be the other way.
The current version of the coding standards suggest quotes `like this' because that's the best one can do with ASCII if one wants balanced quotes, not because single quotes are preferred. This ASCII restriction should not mean we should suggest British style quoting even after the ASCII restriction is removed.