semoga membantu
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/parotitis.htm
Parotitis
Written by Dr Angus Cain, specialist Registrar in otolaryngology,
Ninewells Hospital, Dundee
What are the parotid glands?
The parotid glands are the saliva-producing glands buried within each
cheek. The saliva they produce comes out of a tiny opening (duct) within the
cheek on either side, usually at the level of the upper back teeth.
What is parotitis?
Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. There are
a number of causes, but the clinical picture remains broadly similar.
Acute bacterial parotitis
This is an acute inflammatory response to bacterial infection which
causes erythema (redness), pain, swelling and tenderness over the gland on
the side of the cheek along with the appearance of pus from the opening of
the duct on the inside of the cheek.
It was previously common in dehydrated and debilitated patients, often
in the postoperative period, but is now more commonly seen after
radiotherapy or in patients with a compromised immune system.
Treatment comprises correction of the lack of fluids (rehydration),
antibiotics and pain relief.
Chronic recurrent parotitis
This refers to repeated episodes of discomfort and swelling of the
parotid gland often after eating. It is caused by decreased flow of saliva
often secondary to either blockage of the duct by a stone or the formation
of a duct stricture (narrowing).
It is treated conservatively with gland massage, methods to stimulate
the flow of saliva, eg lemon juice, and antibiotics if required. Surgery to
remove the gland is possible but its benefits need to be balanced against
the risk of damage to the facial nerve (which allows the muscles of facial
expression to function).
Damage to the facial nerve can cause paralysis of one side of the
face. X-ray treatment (radiotherapy) and treatment with steroid tablets have
been described but are felt generally to be ineffective.
Viral parotitis
The commonest viral cause of parotitis is mumps. It usually affects 4
to 10 year olds and causes painful swelling of both parotid glands.
Recurrent parotitis in children
This condition is thought to be due to distension or ballooning of the
ducts (the medical term is 'ectasia'). It results in the same symptoms as
acute bacterial parotitis. It is usually caused by bacteria called
streptococci and treated using penicillin. It is usually self-limiting and
therefore surgery is rarely required.
Tuberculosis
The parotid glands may become infected with the same bacteria causing
tuberculosis or 'TB'. Treatment is with anti-tuberculous antibiotic therapy.
Less common causes of parotitis
a.. Sjogren's syndrome. This is a condition in which arthritis is
associated with a decrease in activity of the glands of the body that
produce saliva and tears. Some people with this condition are bothered by a
dry mouth and intermittent salivary gland enlargement. The diagnosis is made
with blood tests or by examination of a biopsy of tissue from the inside of
the lip.
b.. Bacteria similar to tuberculosis (called 'atypical mycobacteria')
can give rise to a condition which usually infects children. Unlike
tuberculosis it is often resistant to antibiotic treatment and therefore
requires surgical treatment by removal of the infected salivary gland.
c.. Actinomycosis is an infection of the parotid gland which may
also involve the overlying skin. The diagnosis is made by detecting granules
of sulphur, produced by the bacteria, on microscopic examination. Treatment
is with a prolonged course of penicillin for up to one year.
END
----- Original Message -----
From: "Maria Josephine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <balita-anda@balita-anda.com>
Sent: Thursday, April 27, 2006 10:31 AM
Subject: [balita-anda] Infeksi Kelenjar Ludah
Dear Smart Moms & Dads
Ada yg punya artikel ttg Infeksi Kelenjar Ludah nggak ? bagi doong
infonya.
.com
