he..he..he.. Jeng toss dahh aku juga baru posting tulisan yg sama.. so biar gak sama2 bgt ini aku tambahin info ttg kopi yaaa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine#Side_effects_of_caffeine Ini saya coba copy paste side effect dari caffeine: Side effects of caffeine The minimum lethal dose of caffeine ever reported is 3,200 mg, administered intravenously. The LD50 of caffeine is estimated between 13 and 19 grams for oral administration for an average adult. The LD50 of caffeine is dependent on weight and individual sensitivity and estimated to be about 150 to 200 mg per kg of body mass, roughly 140 to 180 cups of coffee for an average adult taken within a limited timeframe that is dependent on half-life. The half-life, or time it takes for the amount of caffeine in the blood to decrease by 50%, ranges from 3.5 to 10 hours. In adults the half-life is generally around 5 hours. However, contraceptive pills increase this to around 12 hours, and, for women over 3 months pregnant, it varies from 10 to 18 hours. In infants and young children, the half-life may be longer than in adults. With common coffee and a very rare half-life of 100 hours, it would require 3 cups of coffee every hour for 100 hours just to reach LD50. Though achieving lethal dose with coffee would be exceptionally difficult, there have been many reported deaths from intentional overdosing on caffeine pills. Too much caffeine, especially over an extended period of time, can lead to a number of physical and mental conditions. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) states: "The 4 caffeine-induced psychiatric disorders include caffeine intoxication, caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, caffeine- induced sleep disorder, and caffeine-related disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)." An overdose of caffeine can result in a state termed caffeine intoxication or caffeine poisoning. Its symptoms are both physiological and psychological. Symptoms of caffeine intoxication include: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, paranoia, cardiac arrhythmia or tachycardia, and psychomotor agitation, gastrointestinal complaints, increased blood pressure, rapid pulse, vasoconstriction (tightening or constricting of superficial blood vessels) sometimes resulting in cold hands or fingers, increased amounts of fatty acids in the blood, and an increased production of gastric acid. In extreme cases mania, depression, lapses in judgment, disorientation, loss of social inhibition, delusions, hallucinations and psychosis may occur. [4] It is commonly assumed that only a small proportion of people exposed to caffeine develop symptoms of caffeine intoxication. However, because it mimics organic mental disorders, such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, a growing number of medical professionals believe caffeine-intoxicated people are routinely misdiagnosed and unnecessarily medicated. Shannon et al (1998) point out that: "Caffeine-induced psychosis, whether it be delirium, manic depression, schizophrenia, or merely an anxiety syndrome, in most cases will be hard to differentiate from other organic or non-organic psychoses....The treatment for caffeine-induced psychosis is to withhold further caffeine." A study in the British Journal of Addiction declared that "although infrequently diagnosed, caffeinism is thought to afflict as many as one person in ten of the population" (JE James and KP Stirling, 1983). Because caffeine increases the production of stomach acid, high usage over time can lead to peptic ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.[citation needed] Furthermore, it can also lead to nervousness, irritability, anxiety, tremulousness, muscle twitching, insomnia, heart palpitations and hyperreflexia [5]. It is suggested that "slow metabolizers" who carry a variant of polymorphic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme have an increased risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (see references). Withdrawal Individuals who consume caffeine regularly develop a reduction in sensitivity to caffeine; when such individuals reduce their caffeine intake, their body becomes oversensitive to adenosine, with the result that blood pressure drops dramatically, leading to an excess of blood in the head (though not necessarily on the brain), causing a headache. Other symptoms may include nausea, fatigue, drowsiness, anxiety and irritability; in extreme cases symptoms may include depression, inability to concentrate and diminished motivation to initiate or to complete daily tasks at home or at work. Withdrawal symptoms may appear within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of caffeine intake, peak at roughly 48 hours, and usually lasts from one to five days. Analgesics, such as aspirin, can relieve the pain symptoms, as can a small dose of caffeine. Effects on fetuses and newborn children There is some evidence that caffeine may be dangerous for fetuses and newborn children. In animal studies, caffeine intake during pregnancy has been demonstrated to have teratogenic effects and increase the risk of learning problems and hyperactivity in rats and mice, respectively. The applicability of these results to human infants is disputed since the concentrations involved were high and rodents are more susceptible to most mutagens. In a 1985 study conducted by scientists of Carleton University, Canada, children born by mothers who had consumed more than 300 mg/d caffeine (about 3 cups of coffee or 6 cups of tea) were found to have, on the average, lower birth weight and head circumference than the children of mothers who had consumed little or no caffeine. In addition, use of large amounts of caffeine by the mother during pregnancy may cause problems with the heart rhythm of the fetus. For these reasons, some doctors recommend that women largely discontinue caffeine consumption during pregnancy and possibly also after birth until the newborn child is weaned. The negative effects of caffeine on the developing fetus can be attributed to the ability of caffeine to inhibit two DNA damage response proteins known as Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) or ATM- Rad50 Related (ATR). These proteins control much of the cells ability to stop cell cycle in the presence of DNA damage, such as DNA single/double strand breaks and nucleotide dimerization. DNA damage can occur relatively frequently in actively dividing cells, such as those in the developing fetus. Caffeine is used in laboratory setting as an inhibitor to these proteins and it has been shown in a study by Lawson et al. in 2004, that women who use caffeine during pregnancy have a higher likelihood of miscarriage than those who do not. Since the dosage rate of self-administration is difficult to control and the effects of caffeine on the fetus are related to random occurrence (DNA damage), a minimal toxic dose to the fetus has yet to be established. CAFFEINE & YOUR CHILD Luluk Lely Soraya I Fri, 18 Nov 2005 01:28:22 -0800 Selebihnya bapak bisa mencari sendiri di internet ya. Kalo yg saya posting di bawah ini yg terjamin reliabilitasnya. Sepednapat spt mbak intan, kalo bapak yakin kopi memebrikan manfaat utk anak bapak, ya monggo aja pak. Kan masing2 dari kita bertanggung jawab ke anak2 kita masing2. Kalo saya sih, gak akan memberikan sesuatu ke anak yga da efek samping buruknya. Lagian buat saya & keluarga banyak makanan lain yg lebih enak & bergizi kok. Luluk =================== CAFFEINE & YOUR CHILD http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/caffeine.html Most parents wouldn't dream of giving their kids a toasty cup of coffee, but they may routinely serve soft drinks containing caffeine. Although it's likely that your child will ingest caffeine at some time, it's a good idea to keep caffeine consumption to a minimum, especially in younger children. Although the United States hasn't yet developed guidelines for caffeine intake and kids, Canadian guidelines recommend that preschool children get no more than 45 milligrams of caffeine a day. That's equivalent to the average amount of caffeine found in a 12-ounce (355-milliliter) can of soda or four 1.5-ounce (43-gram) milk chocolate bars. What's Caffeine and How Does It Affect Kids? A stimulant that affects children and adults similarly, caffeine is a drug that's naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. Caffeine is also made artificially and added to certain foods. Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system. At lower levels, caffeine can make people feel more alert and like they have more energy. In both kids and adults, too much caffeine can cause: jitteriness and nervousness upset stomach headaches difficulty concentrating difficulty sleeping increased heart rate increased blood pressure Especially in young children, it doesn't take a lot of caffeine to produce these effects. Other reasons to limit kids' caffeine consumption include: Consuming one 12-ounce (355-milliliter) sweetened soft drink per day increases a child's risk of obesity by 60%. Not only does caffeine contain empty calories (calories that don't provide any nutrients), kids who fill up on caffeinated beverages don't get the vitamins and minerals they need from healthy sources, putting them at risk for developing nutritional deficiencies. In particular, children who drink too much soda (which usually starts between the third and eighth grades) may miss getting the calcium they need from milk to build strong bones and teeth. Drinking too many sweetened caffeinated drinks could lead to dental cavities (or caries) from the high sugar content and the erosion of the enamel of the teeth from the acidity. Not convinced that sodas can wreak that much havoc on kids' teeth? Consider this: One 12-ounce (355-milliliter) nondiet, carbonated soft drink contains the equivalent of 10 teaspoons of sugar (49 milliliters) and 150 calories. Caffeine is a diuretic that causes the body to eliminate water (through urinating), which may contribute to dehydration. Caffeine may be an especially poor choice in hot weather, when children need to replace water lost through perspiration. Abruptly stopping caffeine may cause withdrawal symptoms (headaches, muscle aches, temporary depression, and irritability), especially for those who are used to consuming a lot. Caffeine can aggravate heart problems or nervous disorders, and some children may not be aware that they're at risk. One thing that caffeine doesn't do is stunt growth. Although scientists once worried that caffeine could hinder a child's growth, this concern isn't supported by research. Which Foods and Beverages Contain Caffeine? Although kids get most of their caffeine from sodas, it's also found in coffee, tea, chocolate, coffee ice cream or frozen yogurt, as well as pain relievers and other over-the-counter medicines. Some parents may give their children iced tea in place of soda, thinking that it's a better alternative. But iced tea can contain as much sugar and caffeine as soda. Here's how some sources of caffeine compare: Item Amount of Item Amount of Caffeine Jolt soft drink 12 ounces 71.2 mg Mountain Dew 12 ounces 55.0 mg Coca-Cola 12 ounces 34.0 mg Diet Coke 12 ounces 45.0 mg Pepsi 12 ounces 38.0 mg 7-Up 12 ounces 0 mg brewed coffee (drip method) 5 ounces 115 mg* iced tea 12 ounces 70 mg* dark chocolate 1 ounce 20 mg* milk chocolate 1 ounce 6 mg* cocoa beverage 5 ounces 4 mg* chocolate milk beverage 8 ounces 5 mg* cold relief medication 1 tablet 30 mg* * denotes average amount of caffeine Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Soft Drink Association What's Caffeine Sensitivity? Caffeine sensitivity refers to the amount of caffeine that will produce an effect in someone. This amount varies from person to person. On average, the smaller the person, the less caffeine necessary to produce side effects. However, caffeine sensitivity is most affected by the amount of daily caffeine use. People who regularly drink beverages containing caffeine soon develop a reduced sensitivity to caffeine. This means they require higher doses of caffeine to achieve the same effects as someone who doesn't drink caffeinated drinks every day. So, the more caffeine your child takes in, the more caffeine he or she will need to feel the same effects. In addition to being more susceptible to the effects of caffeine based on size, small children are more sensitive to caffeine because they haven't been exposed to it as much as older children or adults. Caffeine moves through the body within a few hours after it's consumed and is then passed through the urine. It's not stored in the body, but your child may feel its effects for up to 6 hours if he or she is sensitive to it. Cutting Caffeine Out of the Equation Can you help your child conquer caffeine? Absolutely! The best way to cut caffeine (and added sugar) from your child's diet is to eliminate soda. Instead, offer water, milk, flavored seltzer, and 100% fruit juice. For added convenience, give your child water in squeeze bottles to carry around. Of course, you can still serve the occasional soda or tea - just make it caffeine free. And be on the lookout for hidden caffeine by checking the ingredient list on foods and beverages. For older kids or teens who may be getting more caffeine than they should, it's important to watch their caffeine consumption. If your teen has taken up a coffee-drinking habit, one cup a day can easily turn into several (as most adults know), especially if your teen is using coffee to stay awake during late-night study sessions. The best way to reduce your child's caffeine intake is to cut back slowly. Otherwise, he or she could get headaches and feel achy, depressed, or just downright lousy. Try cutting your child's caffeine consumption by substituting noncaffeinated drinks for caffeinated sodas and coffee (water, caffeine-free sodas, and caffeine-free teas). Keep track of how many caffeinated drinks your child has each day, and substitute one drink per week with a caffeine-free alternative until he or she has gotten below the 100-milligram mark. As you're cutting back the caffeine, your child may feel tired. The best bet is for your child to hit the sack, not the sodas: It's just your child's body's way of saying that more rest is necessary. Don't worry - your child's energy levels will return to normal in a few days. And feel free to let your child indulge in a sliver of chocolate cake at birthday parties or a cup of tasty hot cocoa on a cold day - these choices don't pack enough caffeine punch to be harmful. As with everything, moderation is the key to keeping your kid's caffeine consumption under control. Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD Date reviewed: January 2005 ==================== http://www.doctoryourself.com/caffeine2.html Caffeine Induced Anaphylaxis, A Progressive Toxic Dementia Copyright 2002 Ruth Whalen, MLT, ASCP. Reprinted with permission of the author. Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cerebral allergy is an allergy to a substance, which targets vulnerable brain tissue and alters brain function. Masked cerebral allergy can cause symptoms of mental illness (Walker, 1996; Rippere, 1984; Sheinken et al., 1979). Symptoms range from minimal reactions to severe psychotic states, which may include irrational behavior, disruptions in attention, lack of focus and comprehension, mood changes, lack of organizational skills, abrupt shifting of activities, delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia (Sheinken et al., 1979; McManamy et al., 1936). An allergic reaction to caffeine manifests as anaphylaxis (Przybilla et al., 1983). During a state of caffeine anaphylaxis, the body enters the fight or flight mode, which may be mistaken as hyperactivity, anxiety, or panic disorder. Caffeine anaphylaxis causes cerebral vasculitis, leads to the breakdown of the blood brain barrier, and generates toxic dementia. Toxic dementia induced by a stimulant or other toxin affects function of all brain areas (Jacques, 1992). Several signs of toxic dementia are memory impairment, deterioration of social and intellectual behavior, and attention deficits (Allen et al., 2001; Jacques, 1992; Headlee, 1948). Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), assumed to affect children, (though of late, adult onset ADD is grabbing a slice of the pie of psychiatric disorders), is indistinguishable from caffeine allergy. Claudia Miller, M.D. stresses that a chemical sensitivity, which includes caffeine as a chemical capable of inducing sensitivity, can induce attention deficits with hyperactivity (Miller, 1997). Deteriorating intellect, the first stage of caffeine induced allergic toxicity masquerades as ADD. Inability to concentrate, lack of comprehension, lack of focus, hyperactivity, delusions, and disorganized thought processes are hallmark signs of caffeine allergy. An allergic reaction to caffeine results in poisoning of the prefrontal cortex. Damage to the underside area on the prefrontal cortex, above the eye sockets, generally renders a person absent minded and interferes with the ability to monitor personal activities (Carter, 1998). Injury results in loss of verbal and social inhibition, interferes with focus and memory (Eliot, 1999), and suppresses math skills (Carter, 1998). In studies involving comprehension skills, as in mathematics and logical reasoning, caffeine has either exhibited no change, or has actually depleted performance (Braun, 1997). Caffeine may jeopardize math skills and detailed projects, which require additional thought (Serafin, 1996; NTP Chemical, 1991). Caffeine anaphylaxis interferes with the ability to focus. Sitting still becomes a project. Raising the catecholamine level, caffeine produces additional dopamine, which increases locomotive movement. Agitation is associated with excess dopamine (Carter, 1998). Caffeine causes faster speech and mobility in children (Nehlig et al., 1992). With 80% of the worldís population consuming caffeine, most persons have remained stimulated since childhood. Stimulated adults canít detect caffeine-induced changes in themselves or in children. Misjudging a childís natural state, adults assume children should speak and act at the same rate as stimulated adults. People forget that we are born relaxed. Acceleration of speech and action indicates mania (Victor et al., 2001; Restak, 1984), associated with bipolar affective disorder. Manic symptoms affect children. Psychiatrically hospitalized manic children display symptoms of ADD (Carlson et al., 1998). Complaints of lack of focus, failing memory, and other mental abnormalities, signify hypomania, a lesser degree of mania (Victor, 2001), which accompanies the first stage of ongoing-caffeine-induced-anaphylaxis-induced fight or flight dementia. Unable to correlate the patientís complaints with a textbook disorder, physicians assume ADD. According to the American Psychiatric Association, which classifies caffeine as a substance, substance intoxication can present with disturbance in thinking, judgment, perception, attention, motor activity, and social functioning (1994). Caffeine toxicity can induce restlessness, agitation, irritability, confusion, and delerium (Steinman, 2001; Fisher Scientific, 1997; Turkington, 1994; Shen et al., 1979). In addition, anaphylaxis can induce delerium (Kaplan, 2000). Unlike Stephen Cherniske, aware of instinct warning him that caffeine was affecting his behavior (Cherniske, 1998), a child does not know. A youngster canít feel the mild stimulant rush because the underdeveloped body has developed a tolerance. Similarly, a toxic adult loses natural insight and canít recognize caffeine induced intellect and personality changes (Shen, 1979; McManamy, 1936; Crothers, 1902). During partial withdrawal, the body metabolizes some caffeine, saturating cells. Clarity struggles to return. Symptoms of partial withdrawal can overlap traits of poisoning (Strain et al., 1997) and can mimic depression (Hirsch, 1984). As the noradrenaline level diminishes, symptoms of depression set in (Restak, 1994, Ackerman, 1992). Caffeine induced withdrawal depression can manifest as hyperactivity, lethargy, irritability, confusion, and lack of focus. The glucose level, which rises along with adrenaline (Davidson et al., 1969) and remains elevated during the bodyís struggle to maintain homeostasis, drops. A decrease in glucose encourages lack of motivation, which may also mimic depression. As Allbutt and Dixon stressed, in 1909, regarding caffeine, another ìdose of the poisonî provides minor relief, but continues to jeopardize organs (1909). A return to caffeine intake increases noradrenaline, heightening the fight or flight response. In turn, adrenaline, dopamine, and glucose increase, thus lifting depression. With continued substance exposure, toxins accumulate (Van Winkle, 2000). Caffeine allergy is a deceptive allergy. Ongoing caffeine anaphylaxis reduces allergic inflammation and maintains organ stimulation. Endogenous glucocorticoids (including cortisol) inhibit inflammation (Claman, 1983). Theophylline is the principle therapy for asthma. All forms of theophylline maintain open bronchial passages, allowing for easier breathing. During ongoing caffeine anaphylaxis, airways remain open. Adrenaline, the drug of choice for anaphylaxis, is always present in a caffeine consumer. By suppressing phosphodiesterase release, caffeine (Davidson, 1969) increases cyclic AMP. Excess amounts of cyclic AMP inhibit histamine production (Dykewicz, 2001; Ernst et al., 1999). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors inhibit histamine release (Raderer et al., 1995). Cyclic AMP is increased in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic and many individuals diagnosed with affective disorders (Nishino et al., 1993; Erban et al., 1980; Biederman et al., 1977). Histamine is reduced in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, a late stage of ongoing caffeine anaphylaxis. Although the histamine level is low in schizophrenics (Malek-Ahmadi et al., 1976; Hoffer et al., 1967), schizophrenic patients exhibit a marked tolerance to histamine (Lea, 1955). This suggests, in the case of caffeine anaphylaxis, that during the onset stage of schizophrenia, when anaphylaxis induced hyperactivity, or anaphylaxis induced panic symptoms were mistaken as ADD, anxiety, or panic, (before continued cerebral poisoning), histamine was increased but the allergy went undetected. Symptoms of allergic anxiety (Bonner, 2000; Kaplan, 2000; Walsh, 2000) may be mistaken as anxiety neurosis, considered an onset symptom of schizophrenia. When a young person experiencing a first anxiety episode arrives in an emergency room, doctors suspect a developing schizophrenia (Victor, 2001). Attention and memory deficits accompany schizophrenia (Zuffante et al., 2001; Goldberg et al., 1993). Researchers theorize that prior to the onset of schizophrenia changes in a personís cognition may be subtle (Goldberg, 1993). Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and other phenothiazine drugs exhibit an anti-histamine effect (Sifton, 1994; Malek-Ahmadi, 1976), similar to diphenhydramine (Benadryl). A person allergic to caffeine, taking a phenothiazine medication, will experience relief of the physical manifestations of ongoing caffeine anaphylaxis. In addition, phenothiazine medications reduce allergic induced abnormal psychological symptoms, including a reduction in paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions, and generate a return of partial insight, focus, and comprehension. Ongoing caffeine allergy induces a progressive toxic dementia (McManamy, 1936). In a caffeine allergic person, each caffeine or theophylline dose increases toxin accumulation. A buildup of caffeine, which may exceed tolerance level, saturates the ability of metabolism (Carrillo et al., 2000; Nehlig, 1999); rate of drug accumulation exceeds rate of elimination. Introducing a stimulant into a caffeine allergic individualís system will further poison the frontal cortex and hypothalamus and continue to mask allergic symptoms of caffeine anaphylaxis. Continued stimulant use increases toxic psychosis, which results in decreased affect and deterioration of mental abilities. References: Ackerman. Sandra. Discovering The Brain. Washington: National Academy Press, 1992. Allbutt, Clifford T. A System of Medicine. VII. Part I. London: MacMillan, 1909. Allen, Thomas E., Park, Lee Crandall, Lieberman, Mayer C. and William Wimmer. A Primer on Mental Disorders: A Guide for Educators, Families, and Students. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2001. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition. Washington: APA, 1994. Biederman, J., Rimon, R., Ebstein, R., Belmaker, H., Davidson, J.T. Cyclic AMP in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry, 130 (1977): 64-67. Bonner, James R. ìDrug Allergyî in Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Goldman, Lee and Claude J. Bennett, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000. Braun, Stephen. Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine. New York: Penguin, 1997. Carlson, G.A., Kelly, K.L. Manic symptoms in psychiatrically hospitalized children---what do they mean? J Affect Disord, 51(1998): 123-135. Carrillo, J.A., Benitz, J. Clinically significant pharmokinetic interactions between Dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet, 39 (2000): 127-153. Carter, Rita. Mapping the Mind. Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press, 1998. Cherniske, Stephen. Caffeine Blues: Wake Up to the Hidden Dangers of America's #1 Drug. New York: Warner, 1998. Claman, H.N. Glucocorticosteroids I: anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Hosp Pract, 18 (1983): 123-126. Crothers, T.D. Morphinism and Narcomanias from other Drugs. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders & Co., 1902. Davidson, John and John Bernard Henry. Todd-Sanford Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1969. Dykewicz, M.S. Anaphylaxis and inflammation. Clin Allergy Immunol, 16 (2001): 401-409. Eliot, Lise. Whatís Going on in There? : How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. New York: Bantam, 1999. Erban, L., Prokes, J., Richtrova, E. Plasma level of cyclic AMP and mental diseases. Act Nerv Super, 22 (1980): 269-273. Ernst, M.E., Graber, M.A. Methylxanthine use in anaphylaxis: what does the evidence tell us? Ann Pharmacother, 33(1999): 1001-1004. Fisher Scientific Corporation. Material Safety Data Sheet: Caffeine. New Jersey: MDL Information Systems, 1997. Goldberg, T.E., Hyde, T.M., Kleinman, J.E, Weinberger, D.R. Course of schizophrenia: neuropsychological evidence for a static encephalopathy. Schizophr Bull, 19 (1993): 797-804. Headlee, Raymond. Psychiatry in Nursing. New York: Rhinehart & Company, 1948. Hirsch, Kenneth. ìCentral Nervous System Pharmacology of the Dietary Methylxanthinesî in The Methylxanthines Beverages and Foods: Chemistry, Consumption, and Health Effects. Spiller, Gene A., ed. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc., 1984. Hoffer, A. and Osmond, H. The Hallucinogens. New York: Academic Press, 1967. Jacques, Alan. Understanding Dementia. London: Churchill Livingston, 1992. Kaplan, Allen, P. ìAnaphylaxisî in Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Goldman, Lee and Claude J. Bennett, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000. Lea, A.J. Adrenochrome as the cause of schizophrenia: investigation of some deductions from this hypothesis. J Mental Sci, 101 (1955): 538-547. Malek-Ahmadi, P., and Fried, F.E. Biochemical correlates of schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry, 17 (1976): 499-509. McManamy, M.C., Schube, P.G. Caffeine intoxication: report of a case the symptoms of which amounted to a psychosis. N Engl J Med, 215 (1936): 616-620. Miller, C. S. Toxicant-induced loss of toleranceóan emerging theory or disease? Environ Health Perspect, 105 (1997): 445-453. Nehlig, A., Daval, J., Debry, G. Caffeine and the central nervous system: Mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Rev, 17 (1992): 139-170. Nehlig, A. Does caffeine lead to psychological dependence? Chemtech, 29 (1999): 30-35. Nishino, N., Kitamura, N., Hashimoto, T., Kajimoto, Y., Shirai, Y., Murakami, N., Nakai, T., Komure, O., Shirakawa, O., Mita, T., et al. Increase in [3H] cAMP binding sites and decrease in Gi alpha and Go alpha immunoreactivities in left temporal cortices from patients with schizophrenia. Brain Res, 615 (1993): 41-49. NTP Chemical Repository. Material Safety Data Sheet: Caffeine. Radian Corporation, 1991. http://157.98.13.224/NTP_Reports/NTP_Chem_H&S/NTP_Chem5/Radian58-08-2.txt. Oct. 2001. Przybilla, B., Ring, J., Burg, G. [Anaphylaxis following ingestion of coffee, chronic urticaria and analgesics idiosyncrasy.] Hautarzt, 34 (1983): 73-76. National Institutes of Health: Med-Line. Raderer, I., Haen, E., Schudt, C., Przybilla, B. [Inhibition of histamine liberation in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in relation to the season.] Wien Med Wochenschr, 145 (1995): 456-8. National Institutes of Health: Med-Line. Restak, Richard M. Receptors. New York: Bantam Books, 1994. Rippere, V. Some varieties of food intolerance in psychiatric patients: an overview. Nutr Health, 3(1984): 125-136. Serafin, William. ìDrugs Used in the Treatment of Asthma,î in Goodman and Gilmanís The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Ninth Edition. Hardman, Joel G., Limbird, Lee E., and Perry B. Molinoff Perry B, eds. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, Health Professions Division, 1996. Sheinken, David, Michael Schachter and Richard Hutton. The Food Connection: How the Things You Eat Affect the Way You Feel-And What You Can Do About It. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1979. Shen, W.W., D'Souza, T.C. Cola-induced psychotic organic brain syndrome: A case report. Rocky Mount Med Journ, 76 (1979): 312-313. Sifton, David. W, ed. Physiciansí Desk Reference.48th ED. Montvale, New Jersey: Medical Economics Data Production Co., 1994. Steinman, H. Food Intolerance-Selected Topics 2. Allergy Society of South Africa. <Http://www.allergysa.org/html/caffeine.html>. Oct. 2001. Strain, E.C., Griffiths, R.R. ìCaffeine use disordersî in Psychiatry. V. I. A. Tasman, J. Kay, J.A. Lieberman, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1997. (Courtesy of Griffiths, R.R.) Turkington, Carol. Foreword by Osterhout, Shirley. ìCaffeineî in Poisons and Antidotes, 2nd ED. New York: Facts on File, 1994. Van Winkle, E. The toxic mind: the biology of mental illness and violence. Medical Hypothesis, 55 (2000): 356-368. Victor, Maurice and Allan Ropper. Adamís and Victorís Principles of Neurology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Walker, Sydney III. A Dose of Sanity: Mind, Medicine, and Misdiagnosis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996. Walsh, William E. The Complete Guide to Understanding and Relieving Your Food Allergies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000. Zuffante, P., Leonard, C.M., Kuldau, J.M., Bauer, R.M., Doty, E.G., Bilder, R.M. Working memory deficits in schizophrenia are not necessarily specific or associated with MRI-based estimates of area 46 volumes. Psychiatry Res, 108 (2001): 187-209. --- diana safitri <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > tadi sapa ya yang nanya soal kopi buat bayi step. > Nemu file lama dari BA > juga. > mudah2an berguna :) > > [balita-anda] Fwd: Re: [sehat] Kopi supaya tdk > step?? > > mamakavin > Tue, 07 Mar 2006 23:15:00 -0800 > > Info lagi nehhh > > Uci mamaKavin > > --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Tonang D Ardyanto <[EMAIL > PROTECTED]> > wrote: > > Hehehe ... Menarik, dan berulang terus soal > kopi-step. Tanggapan ini > semi-ilmiah, artinya kalau ditanya dimana > resources-nya ya tidak mudah > saya > menunjukkan. Saya sarikan dari hasil "menelusuri dan > mewawancarai" > otodidak > saja. ---del Uci mamaKavin http://oetjipop.multiply.com Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com -------------------------------------------------------------- Kirim bunga, http://www.indokado.com Info balita: http://www.balita-anda.com Peraturan milis, email ke: [EMAIL PROTECTED] menghubungi admin, email ke: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
