dari link di bawah, setidaknya 16 ounce (475 ml), bahkan lebih sedikit dari yang pernah aku baca.
range yang pernah aku baca itu 500-750ml. cuma aku lupa, bacanya di mana. tapi 1-2 liter, sudah pasti kebanyakan ;) http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/baby/formulafeed/1334703.html?scid=momstodd:20050718:2244:14847:5746 >From formula to cow's milk: Making the transition Approved by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board By Dana Sullivan • Why do experts recommend waiting until 12 months to introduce cow's milk? • Should every child start drinking whole cow's milk on his first birthday? • Should I buy organic or hormone-free milk for my child? • Can I give my toddler fat-free or reduced-fat milk? • I'm worried about milk allergies; can I give my toddler soy or rice milk instead of cow's milk? • How should I make the switch from formula to milk? • How much milk should my toddler drink? Why do experts recommend waiting until 12 months to introduce cow's milk? "This marks the age when most babies' digestive systems can handle the proteins in cow's milk," says JoAnn Hattner, a spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association and a registered dietician in Palo Alto, California, who specializes in pediatric nutrition. The reason that pediatricians recommend whole cow's milk is that it contains proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for growth and development all in one convenient package. Your child would have to eat an amazing variety of foods to get all the nutrients found in fortified cow's milk. But just because your 1-year-old can drink cow's milk, doesn't mean it should be his primary source of nutrition, says Hattner. "At age 1 the daily calories that come from a variety of food sources should increase and the calories that come from milk should decrease," she adds. Should every child start drinking whole cow's milk on his first birthday? No. For optimum health, most children should probably wait a couple of months. Research shows that children who switch to cow's milk at 12 months are at higher risk for iron-deficiency. Hattner usually recommends that babies who have been drinking infant formula switch to iron-fortified toddler formula at age 1. The goal now is to wean your child from getting most of his calories from liquid, so he's more likely to eat food when he's hungry. Toddler formula has fewer calories and less fat per serving than infant formula, so your child's less likely to fill up on it. After about two months, when your child's eating a well-balanced diet and you're sure he's getting the iron and fat he needs from whole foods, you can start him on whole cow's milk, says Hattner. Some children can move directly to milk at 12 months but only if you're sure they're eating plenty of iron-rich foods like meat and leafy green vegetables (milk doesn't contain any iron, whereas formula does). Talk to your doctor if you think your child's ready to make the transition to milk at age 1. By 14 to 16 months, most toddlers should leave formula behind in favor of a well-balanced diet that consists mainly of food, with whole milk served as a nutritious beverage. The transition from formula to cow's milk can occur as quickly as overnight if you have a child who isn't too fussy about food, or take as long as a couple of weeks if your child resists the taste. See below for tips on transitioning. Should I buy organic or hormone-free milk for my child? Some parents choose to buy cow's milk that bears either an "organic" or "hormone free" label, but it's a personal preference. So far there's no conclusive evidence that these types of milk are better for children, but one thing's for sure: They're significantly more expensive. If you're concerned about growth hormones in milk, ask your child's doctor what she recommends based on your child's health and nutritional needs. Can I give my toddler fat-free or reduced-fat milk? The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends sticking to whole milk until your child turns 2. Young toddlers need the fat and calories in whole milk to develop properly. It's not that reduced-fat milk is inherently bad for toddlers; only that drinking it makes it harder for them to get adequate fat in their diets. "If you choose to use 2 percent milk, you have to be sure your child's getting fat from other sources such as cheese, whole-milk yogurt, and even butter," says Hattner. I'm worried about milk allergies; can I give my toddler soy or rice milk instead of cow's milk? Unless your child's doctor has diagnosed a true cow's milk allergy, soy and rice milk aren't recommended for toddlers because they don't contain the same nutrients as cow's milk. True allergies to cow's milk are relatively uncommon ? only two to three children out of every hundred are allergic to milk, says the AAP. And if your child is allergic to cow's milk, you'd almost certainly know it by now. If he's drinking cow's milk-based formula without any problems, you can rest easy that he'll have no problem tolerating regular cow's milk. Even babies who were exclusively breastfed for the first year can usually handle regular cow's milk because they've been exposed to cow's milk proteins in their mothers' milk (unless their mothers avoided all dairy). Still, it never hurts to arm yourself with information. The main symptoms of milk allergy are blood in the stool, diarrhea or vomiting. If your child also develops eczema, hives, a rash around the mouth and chin, chronic nasal stuffiness, a runny nose, cough, wheezing or breathing difficulties, it could be a sign that the respiratory system is being affected by a milk allergy. If your toddler develops any of these symptoms, call your pediatrician. If your child has been drinking soy formula because your doctor recommended it, you should switch to a vitamin-D- and calcium-fortified soy beverage, not regular cow's milk. Calcium is key for building strong bones, both now and as your child develops into adolescence and adulthood. Ask your child's doctor to make a specific recommendation. How should I make the switch from formula to milk? Toddlers who aren't too fussy will probably accept milk without a problem, so just offer it straight up. There's no benefit to stretching the process out, says Hattner. If your child resists, you'll need a more gradual approach. Try mixing 2 ounces of milk with 6 ounces of formula on the first day. Then 3 ounces of milk with 3 ounces of formula on day two, and so on, until you've made a complete transition. Even if you take a slower approach, it shouldn't take more than a week or two to get your child completely switched over. How much milk should my toddler drink? Most 1-year-olds should drink about 16 ounces of milk a day. "Most toddlers who are iron deficient drink too much milk and don't eat enough solid foods, or they don't have enough variety in their diets," says Hattner. Iron is found in a wide range of foods, including meat, chicken, some fortified cereals, beans, eggs, tuna, dried fruits such as prunes, and spinach. Drinking too much milk can interfere with iron absorption, so if your baby is a Dairy King (or Queen) you might try offering him water with meals and milk afterward. Or make milk his mid-morning, afternoon, and bedtime snack so he doesn't fill up on it at regular mealtimes when the focus should be whole food. If your child consistently drinks more than 16 ounces of milk a day, tell your pediatrician. She may recommend that you meet with a dietician who specializes in pediatric nutrition 2009/4/24 Hartini Suhermawati <dewi.hart...@id.panasonic.com>: > Jeng Gogo..kalo ada artikel mengenai berapa banyak susu yang dibutuhkan dalam > sehari, bisa share disini.. > > thanks.. > -------------------------------------------------------------- Info tanaman hias: http://www.toekangkeboen.com Info balita: http://www.balita-anda.com Peraturan milis, email ke: peraturan_mi...@balita-anda.com menghubungi admin, email ke: balita-anda-ow...@balita-anda.com
