Tks semua atas infonya..... -hesti-
-----Original Message----- From: boedoet [mailto:boed...@gmail.com] Sent: 23 September 2010 10:40 To: balita-anda@balita-anda.com Subject: [balita-anda] artikel campak lha ini ke baoot ya? kirim ulang deh, buat mbak Hesti -b- On Thu, Sep 23, 2010 at 10:34 AM, boedoet <boed...@gmail.com> wrote: > yang perlu diperhatikan adalah.. pada campak, ruam keluar saat demam MASIH > tinggi :) > > Measles <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/AboutThisSite/AM00057> > > > Definition > > > <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00266> Measles<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00266> > > Measles is a common childhood disease that now can be prevented with a > vaccine. Signs and symptoms of measles include cough, runny nose, inflamed > eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. > > Also called rubeola, measles can be serious and even fatal for small > children. While death rates have been falling worldwide as more children > receive the measles vaccine, the disease still kills several hundred > thousand people a year, most under the age of 5. > > By 2000, the measles vaccine had practically eliminated measles in the > United States. But there has been a recent resurgence of the disease, as > more people have chosen not to vaccinate their children. > Symptoms > CLICK TO ENLARGE > <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00266> Measles<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00266> > > Measles symptoms and signs appear 10 to 12 days after exposure to the > virus. They typically include: > > - Fever > - Dry cough > - Runny nose > - Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis) > - Sensitivity to light > - Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers found inside the mouth on > the inner lining of the cheek, called Koplik's spots > - A skin rash made up of large, flat blotches that often flow into one > another > > *The course of the measles virus* > Measles typically begins with a mild to moderate fever, accompanied by > other signs and symptoms, such as a persistent cough, runny nose, inflamed > eyes (conjunctivitis) and sore throat. Two or three days later, Koplik's > spots - a characteristic sign of measles - appear. Then a fever spikes, > often as high as 104 or 105 F (40 or 40.6 C). At the same time, a red > blotchy rash appears, usually on the face, along the hairline and behind the > ears. This slightly itchy rash rapidly spreads downward to the chest and > back and, finally, to the thighs and feet. After about a week, the rash > fades in the same sequence that it appeared. > > *When to see a doctor* > Call your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to > measles, or if you or your child exhibits symptoms that make you suspect > measles. Review your family's immunization records with your doctor, > especially before starting elementary school, before college and before > international travel. > Causes > > The cause of measles is a very contagious virus, which lives in the mucus > in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult. That child or adult is > contagious from four days before the rash appears to four days after. > > When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray > into the air, where other people can inhale them. The infected droplets may > also land on a surface, where they remain active and contagious for several > hours. You can contract the virus by putting your fingers in your mouth or > nose or rubbing your eyes after touching the infected surface. > Risk factors > > - *No vaccination.* People who have not received the vaccine for > measles are much more likely to develop the disease. > - *International travel.* Unvaccinated people traveling to developing > countries, where measles is more common, are at higher risk of catching the > disease. > - *Vitamin A deficiency.* People who don't have enough vitamin A in > their diets are more likely to contract measles and to have more-severe > symptoms. > > Complications > > Most people recover from measles in 10 to 14 days. As many as 20 percent > will develop complications, which may include: > > - *Ear infection.* One of the most common complications of measles is a > bacterial ear infection. > - *Bronchitis, laryngitis or croup.* Measles may lead to inflammation > of your voice box (larynx) or inflammation of the inner walls that line the > main air passageways of your lungs (bronchial tubes). > - *Pneumonia.* Pneumonia is a common complication of measles. People > with compromised immune systems can develop an especially dangerous variety > of pneumonia that is sometimes fatal. > - *Encephalitis.* About 1 in 1,000 people with measles develops > encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain that may cause vomiting, > convulsions and, rarely, coma or even death. Encephalitis can closely follow > measles, or it can occur years later. > - *Pregnancy problems.* Pregnant women need to take special care to > avoid measles, because the disease can cause miscarriage, premature labor or > babies with low birth weights. Rubella, or German measles, is a separate > disease that can cause birth defects during pregnancy. > - *Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).* Measles may lead to a > decrease in platelets - the type of blood cells that are essential for blood > clotting. > > Preparing for your appointment > > If you suspect that you or your child has measles, you need to see your > family physician. > > *What you can do* > You may want to write a list that includes: > > - Detailed descriptions of the symptoms > - Information about past medical problems > - Information about the medical problems of parents or siblings > - Recent history of exposure to measles > - Questions you want to ask the doctor > > *What to expect from your doctor* > In addition to listening to your description of symptoms, your doctor will > perform a physical exam - paying special attention to any rash on the skin > or inside the mouth. > Tests and diagnosis > > Your doctor can usually diagnose measles based on the disease's > characteristic rash as well as the small, bright red spots with bluish-white > centers on the inside lining of the cheek, called Koplik's spots. If > necessary, a blood test can confirm whether the rash is truly measles. > Treatments and drugs > > No treatment can get rid of an established measles infection. However, some > measures can be taken to protect vulnerable individuals who have been > exposed to the virus. > > - *Post-exposure vaccination.* Nonimmunized people, including infants, > may be given the measles vaccination within 72 hours of exposure to the > measles virus, to provide protection against the disease. If measles still > develops, the illness usually has milder symptoms and lasts for a shorter > time. > - *Immune serum globulin.* Pregnant women, infants and people with > weakened immune systems who are exposed to the virus may receive an > injection of proteins (antibodies) that can fight off infection, called > immune serum globulin. When given within six days of exposure to the virus, > these antibodies can prevent measles or make symptoms less severe. > > *Medications* > > - *Analgesics.* You or your child may also take over-the-counter > medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, > Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve) to help relieve the fever that > accompanies measles. Don't give aspirin to children because of the risk of > Reye's syndrome - a rare but potentially fatal disease. > - *Antibiotics.* If a bacterial infection, such as pneumonia or an ear > infection, develops while you or your child has measles, your doctor may > prescribe an antibiotic. > > *Isolation* > Because measles is highly contagious from about four days before to four > days after the rash breaks out, people with measles shouldn't return to > activities in which they interact with other people during this period. It > may also be necessary to keep nonimmunized people - siblings, for example - > out of the infected person's house. Talk with your doctor about keeping > someone with measles isolated. > Lifestyle and home remedies > > If you or your child has measles, keep in touch with your doctor as you > monitor the progress of the disease, and watch for complications. Also try > these comfort measures: > > - *Take it easy.* Get rest and avoid busy activities. > - *Sip something.* Drink plenty of water, fruit juice and herbal tea to > replace fluids lost by fever and sweating. > - *Seek respiratory relief.* Use a humidifier to relieve cough and sore > throat. > - *Rest your eyes.* If you or your child finds bright light bothersome, > as do many people with measles, keep the lights low or wear sunglasses. > Also, avoid reading or watching television if light from a reading lamp or > from the television is bothersome. > > Prevention > > If you've already had measles, your body has built up its immune system to > fight the infection, and you can't get measles again. Most people born or > living in the United States before 1957 are immune to measles, simply > because they've already had it. > > For everyone else, there's the measles vaccine. > > *Vaccine saves lives* > Before the vaccine became available in the mid-1960s, measles killed > between 400 and 500 people in the United States each year. As vaccination > programs have spread into developing countries, the global death rates from > measles have fallen dramatically. > > According to the World Health Organization, about 576 million children were > vaccinated against measles between 2000 and 2007. This resulted in a 74 > percent decrease in measles deaths worldwide. > > *Herd immunity* > Prior to the measles vaccine, more than 3 million people in the United > States caught measles every year. In 2000, health officials declared that > measles had been eliminated from the United States. > > That was good news for people who have medical conditions that prevent them > from being vaccinated against measles. Their chances of exposure to the > measles virus plummeted because so few people in the community, or "herd," > get measles now. > > But that protection may be weakening a bit. The Centers for Disease Control > and Prevention reports that the number of people contracting measles in the > United States appears to be rising. Between 2000 and 2007, the average > number of measles cases per year was 63. That rate more than doubled in > 2008. > > *Autism concerns* > In the United States, the measles vaccine is most commonly given in a > combination inoculation, the MMR vaccine, which also includes protection > from mumps and rubella. > > In recent years, some news reports have raised concerns about a connection > between the MMR vaccine and autism. However, extensive reports from the > American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine and the Centers > for Disease Control and Prevention conclude that there's no scientifically > proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism. > > These organizations note that autism is often identified in toddlers > between the ages of 18 months and 30 months, which happens to be about the > time children are given their first MMR vaccine. But this coincidence in > timing shouldn't be mistaken for a cause-and-effect relationship. > > *When should children be vaccinated?* > Doctors recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15 > months of age, and again between 4 and 6 years of age - before entering > school. > > Usually babies are protected from measles for about six months after birth > because of the immunity passed on from their mothers. However, unvaccinated > mothers who have not had measles will have no immunity to pass on to their > babies. > > If a child requires protection from measles before 12 months of age - for > example, for certain foreign travel or in case of an outbreak - the vaccine > can be given as early as 6 months of age. But it needs to be repeated after > 12 months of age. > > *Do adults need the MMR vaccine?* > You *don't* need to be vaccinated if you: > > - Were born before 1957 > - Had two doses of the MMR vaccine after 12 months of age or one dose > of the MMR vaccine plus a second dose of measles vaccine > - Have blood tests that prove you're immune to measles, mumps and > rubella > > You *should* be vaccinated if you *don't* fit the criteria listed above *and > *you: > > - Are a nonpregnant woman of childbearing age > - Attend college, trade school or postsecondary school > - Work in a hospital, medical facility, child care center or school > - Plan to travel overseas or take a cruise > > The vaccine is *not* recommended for: > > - Pregnant women or women who plan to get pregnant within the next four > weeks > - People who have had a life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin > or the antibiotic neomycin > > If you have cancer, a blood disorder or another disease that affects your > immune system, talk to your doctor before getting an MMR vaccine. > > -b- > > -------------------------------------------------------------- Balita-Anda Online: http://www.balita-anda.com Peraturan Milis: peraturan_mi...@balita-anda.com Menghubungi Admin: balita-anda-ow...@balita-anda.com Unsubscribe dari Milis: balita-anda-unsubscr...@balita-anda.com -------------------------------------------------------------- Balita-Anda: Panduan Orangtua yang Cerdas, Kreatif dan Inovatif dalam Merawat dan Mendidik Balita
