Hi pak Vecky,
Saya posting salah satu artikel tentang Gondongan (Mumps) dari
www.mayoclinic.com yang mungkin bisa jadi tambahan info untuk
pertanyaan-pertanyaan bapak tentang penyakit ini.
Intinya, untuk mencegah penyakit gondongan, sebetulnya sudah ada vaksin yang
tersedia, yaitu vaksin MMR (mumps, measles, rubella), yang dosis pertamanya
bisa diberikan pada anak saat usianya 12 – 15 bulan.
Pengobatan gondongan? Sama halnya dengan penyakit lain akibat infeksi virus,
the best treatment adalah waktu, istirahat, asupan nutrisi bergizi dan banyak
minum. Pasti nggak mudah, karena saat menderita gondongan anak akan sulit
untuk menelan, bicara atau mengunyah. Di artikel tsb. dianjurkan untuk
menghindari jenis jus atau makanan asam agar produksi ludah tidak semakin
banyak dan membuat anak sakit karena harus sering menelan.
Tidak ada obat yang bisa menyembuhkan atau mempercepat kesembuhan anak dari
gondongan. Jika memang gondongan ini disertai demam tinggi, obat penurun panas
bisa diberikan agar suhu tubuh tidak menjadi lebih tinggi dan anak jadi nyaman.
Dari info lain yang pernah saya baca, pengobatan tradisional dengan
menggunakan larutan biru belau/blau (spell??) belum ada penjelasan tentang
mekanisme kerja zat tsb. walau ada beberapa kasus 'sembuh' dengan cara ini.
Kemungkinan besar, pengobatan ini semacam efek placebo, bukan karena zat tsb.
tapi memang gondongannya sendiri yang sudah waktunya sembuh (note: penyakit
karena infeksi virus bersifat self-limiting disease alias akan sembuh dengan
sendirinya seiring menguatnya daya tahan tubuh - contohnya: sakit flu/batuk
yang ‘sembuh’ setelah minum antibiotik, padahal memang sudah waktunya sembuh
dari virus flu/batuk dan antibiotiknya tidak ‘membasmi’ apa-apa dalam tubuh
bahkan malah berefek merugikan).
Penularan gondongan bisa terjadi dari kontak langsung dengan penderita (mis.
percikan ludah penderita saat batuk/bersin/berbicara, alat makan yang digunakan
bersama-sama, dll.). Seperti ciri khas infeksi virus lain, masa penularan itu
bisa berlangsung dari penderita yang bahkan belum menunjukkan gejala gondongan
dan bisa terus berlangsung hingga beberapa waktu setelah penderita ‘sembuh’
dari gondongan. Itu sebabnya, kadang anak tiba-tiba kena ‘gondongan’ tanpa
tahu pasti kapan tertularnya.
Jika memang anak sudah terserang gondongan, yang bisa dilakukan orang tua
adalah observasi ketat dan waspada dengan komplikasi gondongan yang bisa
menyerang anak laki-laki (orchitis yang menyerang testikel anak dan bisa
berakibat kemandulan) dan anak perempuan (gangguan pada indung telurnya), juga
resiko hilang pendengaran dan meningitis (radang otak).
Itu sebabnya cara paling aman dan nyaman untuk terhindar dari problem gondongan
adalah dengan tindakan pencegahan alias imunisasi MMR tepat waktu.
Cheers,
Sylvia – Jovan’s mum
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MUMPS
Mayo Clinic Staff (www.mayoclinic.com)
OVERVIEW
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid-glands – one of
three pairs of salivary glands, located below and in front of your ears. If
you or your child contracts mumps, it can cause swelling in one or both parotid
glands.
However, your odds of contracting mumps aren’t very high. Mumps was common
until the mumps vaccine was licensed in 1967. Before the vaccine, up to
200,000 cases of mumps occurred each year in the US. Since then, the number of
cases has dropped dramatically, so there are now fewer than 300 cases a year.
Mumps is still a common disease in many parts of the world, though, so
prevention is important.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
About one-third of people infected with the mumps virus have no signs or
symptoms. When signs and symptoms do develop, they usually appear about two to
three weeks after exposure to the virus and may include:
· Swollen, painful salivary glands on one or both sides of the face
· Pain with chewing or swallowing
· Fever
· Weakness and fatigue
· Tenderness and swelling of a testicle (orchitis)
· The primary – and best known – sign of mumps is swollen salivary
glands that cause the cheeks to puff out. In fact, the term mumps is an old
expression for lumps or bumps within the cheeks.
CAUSES
The cause of mumps is the mumps virus, which spreads easily from person to
person through infected saliva. If you’re not immune, you can contract mumps
by breathing in saliva droplets of an infected person who has just sneezed or
coughed. You can also contract mumps from sharing utensils or cups with
someone who has mumps.
WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE
If you suspect that you or your child has mumps, see your doctor. Mumps has
become an uncommon illness, so it’s possible that your symptoms are caused by
another more common condition. Swollen glands and a fever could be an
indication of inflamed tonsils (tonsillitis) or a blocked salivary gland.
Other, rarer viruses can infect the parotid glands, causing a mumps-like
illness.
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS
If your doctor suspects that you or your child has mumps, a virus culture or
serologic blood test may be needed. This blood test can detect mumps
antibodies, which indicate whether you have had a recent or past infection.
COMPLICATIONS
Complications of mumps are potentially serious, but rare. These include:
· Orchitis. This inflammatory condition causes swelling of one or
both testicles. Orchitis is painful, but it rarely leads to sterility – the
inability to conceive a child.
· Pancreatitis. This disease causes swelling of the pancreas. Signs
and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and
vomiting.
· Encephalitis. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain caused by a
viral infection, such as mumps. Encephalitis can lead to neurologic problems
and become life-threatening. Although it’s serious, encephalitis is a rare
complication of mumps.
· Meningitis. Meningitis is infection and inflammation of the
membranes and fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord. It can occur if
the mumps virus spreads through your bloodstream to infect your central nervous
system. Like encephalitis, meningitis is a rare complication of mumps.
· Inflammation of the ovaries. Pain in the lower abdomen in women may
be a symptom of this problem. Fertility doesn’t seem to be affected.
· Hearing loss. In rare causes, mumps can cause temporary or
permanent hearing loss in one or both ears.
If you or your child develops a complication from mumps, contact your doctor.
TREATMENT
Because mumps is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not an effective treatment.
Like most viral illnesses, mumps infection must simply run its course.
Fortunately, most children and adults recover from an uncomplicated case of
mumps within two weeks’ time.
PREVENTION
In general, you’re considered immune to mumps if you’ve previously had the
infection or if you’ve been immunized against mumps.
The mumps vaccine is usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
inoculation, which contains the safest and most effective form of each vaccine.
Doctors recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15
months of age, and again between 3 and 6 years of age – before entering school.
SELF-CARE
If you or your child has mumps, time and rest are the best treatments. There’s
little your doctor can do to speed recovery. But you can take some steps to
ease pain and discomfort and keep others from becoming infected:
- Rest in bed until the fever goes away
- Isolate yourself or your child to prevent spreading the disease to
others
- Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or a nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) to ease
symptoms. Adults may also use aspirin. Don’t give aspirin to children because
of the risk of Reye’s Syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal disease.
- Use a cold compress to ease the pain of swollen glands
- Wear an athletic supporter to ease pain of tender testicles
- Avoid foods that require lots of chewing. Instead try broth-based
soups or soft foods, such as mashed potatoes or cooked oatmeal, for nourishment.
- Avoid sour foods such as citrus fruits or juices that stimulate
saliva production
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Lan low-key activities
If your child has mumps, the most important thing you can do as a parent is to
watch for complications. In boys, watch especially for high fever, with pain
and swelling of the testicles. In girls, abdominal pain may mean involvement
of the ovaries or pancreatitis. If your child’s fever is very high, contact
your doctor for advice.
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Vecky Priatna <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
mau tanya seputar gondongan nih, kayaknya kok sekarang lagi musim.
1. bagaimana pencegahannya?
2. bagaimana pengobatannya?
3. berapa lama masa inkubasinya?
4. dan mungkin beberapa info lain seputar gondongan.
<deleted>
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