mbak Riefna,
ini saya ambil dari websites mengenai sepsis
saya sendiri baru dengar tentang penyakit ini pertama kali ini, dan dari
beberapa artikel yang sekilas saya baca, sepsis banyak terjadi pada bayi
premature (karena daya tahan tubuh yang minim) dan pada bayi yang ibunya
mendapatkan epidural (suntikan untuk membantu mengurangi rasa sakit) pada
saat melahirkan
teriring doa saya yang mendalam untuk kesembuhan F M Azzianto dan kekuatan
untuk kedua orangtuanya.
C O N T E N T S
•Alternative names
•Definition
•Causes, incidence, and risk factors
•Prevention
•Symptoms
•Signs and tests
•Treatment
•Expectations (prognosis)
•Complications
•Calling your health care provider
home > resources > medical reference library > Disease
Sepsis
Alternative names:
gram-positive bacteremia; gram-negative bacteremia
Definition:
A serious infection caused by bacteria that has entered a wound
or
body tissue that leads to the formation of pus, or to the spread
of
the bacteria in the blood
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Sepsis is a result of a bacterial infection that can originate
anywhere in the body. Common sites are the genitourinary tract,
the
liver or biliary (liver secretion) tract, the gastrointestinal
tract, and the lungs. Less common sites are intravenous lines,
surgical wounds, surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown
known
as decubitus ulcers or bedsores. The infection is usually
confirmed
by a positive blood culture. The infection can lead to shock,
called
septic shock. Low blood pressure and a change in mental status
may
be early-warning signs of shock.
There has recently been an increase in the occurance of sepsis
caused by organisms that are resistant to most standard
antibiotics.
Sepsis can be a life-threatening situation, especially in people
with a weakened immune systems. The risk factors associated with
sepsis include:
recent bacterial pneumonia
meningitis
a urinary tract infection that does not respond to
antibiotics
osteomyelitis
bacterial peritonitis
a recent dental procedure
a recent endoscopy procedure
a recent cardiovascular procedure
an indwelling urinary catheter
a recent major surgery
cellulitis
a recent therapy with antibiotics
People whose immune systems are suppressed by therapies or by
certain diseases are at higher risk for sepsis. The incidence is
2
out of 10,000 people.
Prevention:
Many cases are not preventable. Awareness of risk may allow
earlier
detection.
Symptoms:
fever
body temperature may be normal or low
hyperventilation
chills
shaking
warm skin
skin rash
rapid heart beat (tachycardia)
confusion or delirium
decreased urine output
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
red skin spots
joint pain
hallucinations
hypotonia
Signs and tests:
white blood cell count that is low or high
blood culture that is positive for bacteria
blood gases that reveal acidosis
urine pH that may be low
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:
RBC indices
peripheral smear
fibrin degradation products
cholesterol test
blood differential
Treatment:
Hospitalization is necessary to achieve treatment goals.
Intravenous
antibiotic therapy should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis
is
suspected. The therapy is not delayed while determining the
causative organism. Sometimes more than one type of antibiotic is
given while results of the blood cultures are pending.
Antibiotics
can then be changed when the culture results are available and
the
causative organism is known. The source of the infection should
be
identified if possible, which may mean further diagnostic
testing.
Sources such as infected intravenous lines or surgical drains can
be
removed, and sources such as abscesses can be surgically drained.
Supportive therapy with oxygen and intravenous fluid and
management
of complications is important for a good outcome.
Expectations (prognosis):
The death rate can be as high as 60% for people with severely low
white blood cell counts or suppressed immune systems. In people
with
no underlying disease, the death rate is about 5%.
Complications:
septic shock
impaired blood flow to vital organs (brain, heart, kidneys)
disseminated intravascular coagulation
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