Perhaps the subunits have different conformational states that are differently 
able to bind the ligand. There are definitely oligomers where the subunits do 
that e.g. mGluR1 binding domain dimer is usually 1 open subunit and 1 closed in 
the active state without cations at the interface. This is seen in both crystal 
structures of the isolated domain and FRET studies of whole receptors in cells. 

Best wishes 
James 

> On 5 Mar 2022, at 20:01, <Shymaa Damfo> <shymaa.damfo...@ucl.ac.uk> wrote:
> 
> Hello all,
> 
> In homo-dimeric or homo-oligomeric protein crystal structures, what would be 
> the reason for having a ligand (chemical compound or fragment) binds to one 
> molecule and not all molecules in the asymmetric unit?
> 
> I have soaked a fragment that has an affinity of 200 uM to a viral protein 
> but I can only see it binds to one molecule (we have eight molecules in the 
> AU). This is was also notable as well in some published PDB (dimeric protein).
> 
> Any suggestions?
> 
> Best wishes,
> Shymaa
> 
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