Just the other day, I was walking down the street and smelled the sweet, smokey smell of a pipe. I looked around and finally found the source was a policeman in his patrol car. For some reason that really struck me as odd.
-Kevin > -----Original Message----- > From: William Wheatley [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Wednesday, June 11, 2003 8:56 AM > To: CF-Community > Subject: Re: What's in a cigarette > > > hehe they should make cigarrettes smell like pipe smoke. > > Man i hate cigarrettes and i know pipe smoke is just as bad > but damn if that stuff doesn't smell so good to me lol > > > "When I came back from Korea, I had no money, no skills. > Sure, I was good with a bayonet, but you can't put that on a > resume - it puts people off!" Frank Barone, "Everybody Loves Raymond" > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Erika L. Walker-Arnold" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > To: "CF-Community" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > Sent: Wednesday, June 11, 2003 8:55 AM > Subject: What's in a cigarette > > > > Passed on from some friends ... Some interesting factoids. > > > > What's in a cigarette? > > > > Cigarettes appear to be very simple products - paper tubes > filled with > > tobacco. But, in fact, cigarettes are highly sophisticated > packages, > > engineered to deliver doses of the addictive drug nicotine. > > > > A huge number of additives and flavourings are added to > cigarettes to > > make nicotine more attractive and palatable. The European > Union has a > > list of over 600 additives that manufacturers may use in > the creation > > of their cigarettes.1 And, when smoked, cigarettes release > over 4,000 > > chemicals, a > > number of which are carcinogenic (cancer causing).2 > > > > Cigarette companies have spent decades perfecting their > product, which > > is why people find it so hard to give them up. Many of the > additives, > > such as > > chocolate, sound innocent. But their purpose is to keep > smokers smoking > > by > > making the experience as pleasurable as possible. > Ingredients are also > > added > > to mask the smell and even visibility of 'side-stream' > smoke from the > > burning tip of the cigarette, to minimise discomfort to > > non-smokers.3,4,5 > > Unfortunately, these ingredients make it harder for > non-smokers to see, > > and > > therefore avoid, other people's smoke. > > > > Below is a list of just some of the more interesting > ingredients you > > can find in a normal cigarette. > > > > Nicotine > > Carbon monoxide > > Tar > > Hydrogen cyanide > > Ammonia > > Sugar > > Organic acid salts > > Cocca > > Pyridine > > Chocolate & honey > > Menthol > > Liquorice > > Fillers > > Paper > > Filters > > > > > > Nicotine > > > > Nicotine from tobacco leaves is the main addictive ingredient in > > cigarettes. It is delivered into smokers' lungs in a potent > mixture of > > smoke particles > > and gases. The nicotine is rapidly absorbed into the blood > and reaches > > the > > brain within about 10 seconds. At this point the smokers > experiences a > > nicotine 'hit' or 'kick' - this is when the receptors in the brain > > produce > > chemicals called dopamines. The brain soon comes to expect > regular doses > > (or > > 'hits') of nicotine and suffers withdrawal symptoms when > the supply is > > interrupted. > > > > Nicotine stimulates the central nervous system, increasing > the heart > > beat rate and blood pressure. This results in the heart > needing more > > oxygen. > > > > > > Carbon monoxide > > > > All cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide - the same > poisonous gas > > given off by car exhausts and faulty gas fires. Carbon monoxide > > prevents the blood > > from carrying oxygen round the body by binding itself to the blood's > > haemoglobin. In heavy smokers, their blood's capacity to > carry oxygen is > > reduced by as much as 15 per cent.6 > > > > > > Tar > > > > 'Tar' is the collective term for the thousands of chemicals > that are > > released in cigarette smoke. Tar is the sticky yellow-brown > substance > > which stains smokers' teeth and fingers. It is deposited in > the lungs > > every time a > > smoker draws on a cigarette. Smoking 20 to 60 low to high > tar cigarettes > > a > > day will coat your lungs in 1 to 1.5 pounds of tar every > year.7 Tar is > > responsible for most of the damage to the health of your lungs. > > > > > > Hydrogen cyanide > > > > Visible smoke accounts for only 5-8 per cent of the output of a > > burning cigarette. The rest is made of invisible gases - including > > hydrogen cyanide.7 This poisonous gas reduces the body's ability to > > transport oxygen. Other invisible gases, such as > nitrosamines, damage > > the body's cells and can > > trigger cancer tumours. Cigarette smoke also contains > chemicals that can > > produce gene mutations that have been linked to lung cancer. > > > > > > Ammonia > > > > Adding ammonia to a cigarette means that the smoker 'freebases' the > > nicotine - in much the same way as a crack user takes > cocaine. Ammonia > > speeds up the delivery of so-called 'free' nicotine by > raising the pH > > (alkalinity) of tobacco smoke. Raising the pH of smoke changes the > > chemical form of nicotine so that it is more rapidly > absorbed by the > > body. The result > > is a much stronger nicotine hit.8 > > > > > > Sugar > > > > The most common tobacco additives are sugars of various > kinds.9 Sugar > > makes up about 3 per cent of the total weight of a > cigarette.10 When a > > cigarette > > is lit, the sugars begin to burn and produce a chemical called > > acetaldehyde.11 Acetaldehyde enhances the addictive effect of > > nicotine.12 > > > > > > Organic acid salts > > > > Nicotine on its own produces smoke that is harsh and irritating. > > Adding organic acid salts masks the harshness of the smoke and > > produces a smoother taste. In addition, organic acid salts (such as > > levulinic acid) also make > > the brain more receptive to nicotine.13 > > > > > > Cocoa > > > > Cocoa contains a chemical called theobromine, which encourages the > > airways to expand.14 This 'bronchodilator effect' makes it > easier for > > the smoker to > > breathe deeply. So they take in greater amounts of smoke > and nicotine. > > Cocoa > > butter may also be added: it is believed to reduce the harshness of > > smoke > > and create a smoother smoking experience.15 > > > > > > Pyridine > > > > Pyridine acts as a depressant on the central nervous > system. It works > > with nicotine to boost the effect of smoking.16 > > > > > > Chocolate & honey > > > > Flavourings such as chocolate17 and honey help disguise the > bitterness > > of nicotine. The sweet taste makes cigarettes more palatable. > > > > > > Menthol > > > > Without additives tobacco smoke not only tastes bad, it is also > > extremely irritating to the throat. Menthol numbs the throat so the > > smoker cannot feel > > the abrasive effect of the smoke. In this way the body's natural > > reaction to > > an irritant can be overcome. > > > > > > Liquorice > > > > Liquorice is one of the most effective flavourings in cigarettes.18 > > According to the British Association of Tobacco > Manufacturers (BAT) it > > produces a 'mellow sweet woody note.'18 This 'greatly enhances the > > quality of the final product.' 'Quality' flavourings play a > vital role > > in masking > > the bad taste of low quality tobacco. Glycyrrhizin - an > ingredient of > > liquorice - also expands the airways, helping the smoker to > breathe in > > more > > smoke.19 > > > > > > Fillers > > > > Cigarettes contain chopped up tobacco leaf. But extra bulk > is created > > by adding 'fillers' made from the tobacco stems and other bits of > > waste product.20 Fillers are mixed with water, flavourings > and other > > additives. Some brands have more fillers than others. A high filler > > content makes a cigarette less dense. The amount of > nicotine delivered > > may be slightly reduced. > > > > > > Paper > > > > The type of paper used in the tube wrapping of a cigarette > can effect > > its strength. More porous paper lets more air into the cigarette, > > diluting the > > smoke. This may reduce the amount of tar and nicotine that > is inhaled.20 > > > > > > Filters > > > > Filters, made of cellulose acetate, trap some of the tar and smoke > > before they can reach the smoker's lungs. They also cool smoke and > > make it easier > > to inhale. Filtered 'low tar' cigarettes (with ventilation > holes in the > > sides of the filters) were developed by the tobacco > industry in response > > to > > health concerns. But evidence suggests that low-tar > cigarettes do not > > result > > in smokers inhaling lower doses of nicotine.21,22,23 It appears that > > smokers > > compensate for the diluted effect of these cigarettes by > inhaling more > > deeply or frequently. Smokers can also block the > ventilation holes in > > the > > filters with their fingers to increase the nicotine being > inhaled. This > > is > > something they may do subconciously. > > > > > > > > > ..................................................................... > > BUPA > > the personal health service > > > ..................................................................... > > BUPA House, 15-19 Bloomsbury Way, London, WC1A 2BA > > Visit: http://www.bupa.com > > > > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| Archives: http://www.houseoffusion.com/cf_lists/index.cfm?forumid=5 Subscription: http://www.houseoffusion.com/cf_lists/index.cfm?method=subscribe&forumid=5 Get the mailserver that powers this list at http://www.coolfusion.com Unsubscribe: http://www.houseoffusion.com/cf_lists/unsubscribe.cfm?user=89.70.5
