https://github.com/s-perron updated 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/195153

>From e9a060b390e43adae9dd2ad491379647b148af96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Perron <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 15:00:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] [HLSL] Allow __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer to take
 no indices

In preperation for adding ConstnatBuffer<T>, we will need to be able to
access the base pointer for the data constat buffer resource handle is 
pointingto
to. This is done by:

1. Making the index operand in __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer
   optional.
2. Modifing the codegen for __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer to emit a
   call to resource.getbasepointer when no index is provided.
3. Add the resource.getbasepointer for the dx and spv targets.

Another issue is that the address space for the pointer returned by
__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer is not always hlsl_device any more.
Changes are made to get the correct address space based on the resource
class of the handle.

Note that we cannot implement codegen for
__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer directly. The tests for the codegen
changes will be in a follow up PR that add ConstnatBuffer<T>.

Assisted-by: Gemini
---
 clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp          | 14 +++++++--
 clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLRuntime.h             |  2 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp                   | 30 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../BuiltIns/resource_getpointer-errors.hlsl  | 10 +++----
 llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsDirectX.td     |  4 +++
 llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsSPIRV.td       |  4 +++
 6 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp
index b82a237ecefca..82b03d7d5f069 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp
@@ -571,12 +571,20 @@ Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitHLSLBuiltinExpr(unsigned 
BuiltinID,
   case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer:
   case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer_typed: {
     Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
-    Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
+    bool IsIndexed =
+        BuiltinID == Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer_typed ||
+        E->getNumArgs() > 1;
 
     llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
+    if (IsIndexed) {
+      Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
+      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
+          RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateResourceGetPointerIntrinsic(),
+          ArrayRef<Value *>{HandleOp, IndexOp});
+    }
     return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
-        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateResourceGetPointerIntrinsic(),
-        ArrayRef<Value *>{HandleOp, IndexOp});
+        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateResourceGetBasePointerIntrinsic(),
+        ArrayRef<Value *>{HandleOp});
   }
   case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample: {
     Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLRuntime.h 
b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLRuntime.h
index b54cbab906056..d7ac2346f2428 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLRuntime.h
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGHLSLRuntime.h
@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ class CGHLSLRuntime {
   GENERATE_HLSL_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION(SClamp, sclamp)
   GENERATE_HLSL_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION(UClamp, uclamp)
 
+  GENERATE_HLSL_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION(CreateResourceGetBasePointer,
+                                   resource_getbasepointer)
   GENERATE_HLSL_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION(CreateResourceGetPointer,
                                    resource_getpointer)
   GENERATE_HLSL_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION(Sample, resource_sample)
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
index aba1c5072a5fc..7788d777edf1c 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
@@ -77,6 +77,19 @@ static RegisterType getRegisterType(const 
HLSLAttributedResourceType *ResTy) {
   return getRegisterType(ResTy->getAttrs().ResourceClass);
 }
 
+static LangAS getLangASFromResourceClass(ResourceClass RC) {
+  switch (RC) {
+  case ResourceClass::SRV:
+  case ResourceClass::UAV:
+    return LangAS::hlsl_device;
+  case ResourceClass::CBuffer:
+    return LangAS::hlsl_constant;
+  case ResourceClass::Sampler:
+    return LangAS::hlsl_device;
+  }
+  llvm_unreachable("unexpected ResourceClass value");
+}
+
 // Converts the first letter of string Slot to RegisterType.
 // Returns false if the letter does not correspond to a valid register type.
 static bool convertToRegisterType(StringRef Slot, RegisterType *RT) {
@@ -3891,19 +3904,19 @@ bool SemaHLSL::CheckBuiltinFunctionCall(unsigned 
BuiltinID, CallExpr *TheCall) {
     break;
   }
   case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer: {
-    if (SemaRef.checkArgCount(TheCall, 2) ||
+    if (SemaRef.checkArgCountRange(TheCall, 1, 2) ||
         CheckResourceHandle(&SemaRef, TheCall, 0) ||
-        CheckIndexType(&SemaRef, TheCall, 1))
+        (TheCall->getNumArgs() == 2 && CheckIndexType(&SemaRef, TheCall, 1)))
       return true;
 
     auto *ResourceTy =
         TheCall->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<HLSLAttributedResourceType>();
     QualType ContainedTy = ResourceTy->getContainedType();
-    auto ReturnType =
-        SemaRef.Context.getAddrSpaceQualType(ContainedTy, LangAS::hlsl_device);
+    auto ReturnType = SemaRef.Context.getAddrSpaceQualType(
+        ContainedTy,
+        getLangASFromResourceClass(ResourceTy->getAttrs().ResourceClass));
     ReturnType = SemaRef.Context.getPointerType(ReturnType);
     TheCall->setType(ReturnType);
-    TheCall->setValueKind(VK_LValue);
 
     break;
   }
@@ -3924,8 +3937,11 @@ bool SemaHLSL::CheckBuiltinFunctionCall(unsigned 
BuiltinID, CallExpr *TheCall) {
           cast<FunctionDecl>(SemaRef.CurContext)->getPointOfInstantiation(),
           diag::err_invalid_use_of_array_type);
 
-    auto ReturnType =
-        SemaRef.Context.getAddrSpaceQualType(ElementTy, LangAS::hlsl_device);
+    auto *ResourceTy =
+        TheCall->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<HLSLAttributedResourceType>();
+    auto ReturnType = SemaRef.Context.getAddrSpaceQualType(
+        ElementTy,
+        getLangASFromResourceClass(ResourceTy->getAttrs().ResourceClass));
     ReturnType = SemaRef.Context.getPointerType(ReturnType);
     TheCall->setType(ReturnType);
 
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/resource_getpointer-errors.hlsl 
b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/resource_getpointer-errors.hlsl
index 20de0773a1742..7dde4dcf6c149 100644
--- a/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/resource_getpointer-errors.hlsl
+++ b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/resource_getpointer-errors.hlsl
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ using handle_t = __hlsl_resource_t
     [[hlsl::resource_class(UAV)]] [[hlsl::contained_type(int)]];
 
 void test_args(unsigned int x) {
-  // expected-error@+1 {{too few arguments to function call, expected 2, have 
1}}
+  // expected-error@+1 {{used type 'unsigned int' where __hlsl_resource_t is 
required}}
   __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer(x);
 
-  // expected-error@+1 {{too many arguments to function call, expected 2, have 
3}}
+  // expected-error@+1 {{too many arguments to function call, expected at most 
2, have 3}}
   __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer(x, x, x);
 
-  // expected-error@+1 {{used type 'unsigned int' where __hlsl_resource_t is 
required}}
-  __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer(x, x);
-
   handle_t res;
 
+  // no error
+  __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer(res);
+
   // expected-error@+1 {{used type 'const char *' where integer is required}}
   __builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer(res, "1");
 
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsDirectX.td 
b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsDirectX.td
index f37180ce9084a..f55996234aea5 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsDirectX.td
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsDirectX.td
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ def int_dx_resource_getpointer
     : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_anyptr_ty], [llvm_any_ty, llvm_any_ty],
                             [IntrReadMem, IntrInaccessibleMemOnly]>;
 
+def int_dx_resource_getbasepointer
+    : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_anyptr_ty], [llvm_any_ty],
+                            [IntrReadMem, IntrInaccessibleMemOnly]>;
+
 def int_dx_resource_nonuniformindex
     : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_i32_ty], [llvm_i32_ty], [IntrNoMem]>;
 
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsSPIRV.td 
b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsSPIRV.td
index 44e31a1410523..6157947ad2318 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsSPIRV.td
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/IntrinsicsSPIRV.td
@@ -318,6 +318,10 @@ def int_spv_rsqrt : 
DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[LLVMMatchType<0>], [llvm_anyfloat_ty]
       : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_anyptr_ty], [llvm_any_ty, llvm_any_ty],
                               [IntrNoMem]>;
 
+  def int_spv_resource_getbasepointer
+      : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_anyptr_ty], [llvm_any_ty],
+                              [IntrNoMem]>;
+
   def int_spv_pushconstant_getpointer
       : DefaultAttrsIntrinsic<[llvm_anyptr_ty], [llvm_any_ty], [IntrNoMem]>;
 

>From 1c1f1a5c185935682dbf87723723dcaafc741e8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Perron <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:19:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] [SPIRV] Implement spv_resource_getbasepointer for Vulkan
 buffers

The new intrinsic spv_resource_getbasepointer allows retrieving the base
pointer of a resource without an index. This is necessary for resources
like ConstantBuffer<T> where you can access the top level struct of type
T.

Assisted-by: Gemini
---
 llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp | 19 ++++---
 .../Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp | 30 +++++++----
 .../SPIRV/hlsl-resources/getbasepointer.ll    | 54 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/getbasepointer.ll

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp 
b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
index 180a0f45874e1..cfded9596c094 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
@@ -411,6 +411,7 @@ bool isConvergenceIntrinsic(const Instruction *I) {
 bool expectIgnoredInIRTranslation(const Instruction *I) {
   return match(I, m_AnyIntrinsic<Intrinsic::invariant_start,
                                  Intrinsic::spv_resource_handlefrombinding,
+                                 Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer,
                                  Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer>());
 }
 
@@ -1022,7 +1023,8 @@ Type *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::deduceElementTypeHelper(
     // TODO: maybe improve performance by caching demangled names
 
     auto *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(I);
-    if (II && II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer) {
+    if (II && (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer 
||
+               II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer)) {
       auto *HandleType = cast<TargetExtType>(II->getOperand(0)->getType());
       if (HandleType->getTargetExtName() == "spirv.Image" ||
           HandleType->getTargetExtName() == "spirv.SignedImage") {
@@ -1034,12 +1036,15 @@ Type *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::deduceElementTypeHelper(
       } else if (HandleType->getTargetExtName() == "spirv.VulkanBuffer") {
         // This call is supposed to index into an array
         Ty = HandleType->getTypeParameter(0);
-        if (Ty->isArrayTy())
-          Ty = Ty->getArrayElementType();
-        else {
-          assert(Ty && Ty->isStructTy());
-          uint32_t Index = 
cast<ConstantInt>(II->getOperand(1))->getZExtValue();
-          Ty = cast<StructType>(Ty)->getElementType(Index);
+        if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer) {
+          if (Ty->isArrayTy())
+            Ty = Ty->getArrayElementType();
+          else {
+            assert(Ty && Ty->isStructTy());
+            uint32_t Index =
+                cast<ConstantInt>(II->getOperand(1))->getZExtValue();
+            Ty = cast<StructType>(Ty)->getElementType(Index);
+          }
         }
         Ty = reconstitutePeeledArrayType(Ty);
       } else {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp 
b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
index aee3a29c6e42b..5b0204d5a2e8b 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
@@ -700,6 +700,7 @@ static bool intrinsicHasSideEffects(Intrinsic::ID ID) {
   case Intrinsic::spv_radians:
   case Intrinsic::spv_reflect:
   case Intrinsic::spv_refract:
+  case Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer:
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer:
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_handlefrombinding:
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_handlefromimplicitbinding:
@@ -1887,7 +1888,9 @@ bool SPIRVInstructionSelector::selectLoad(Register 
ResVReg,
   auto *PtrDef = getVRegDef(*MRI, Ptr);
   auto *IntPtrDef = dyn_cast<GIntrinsic>(PtrDef);
   if (IntPtrDef &&
-      IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer) {
+      (IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer ||
+       IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer)) {
+
     Register HandleReg = IntPtrDef->getOperand(2).getReg();
     SPIRVTypeInst HandleType = GR.getSPIRVTypeForVReg(HandleReg);
     if (HandleType->getOpcode() == SPIRV::OpTypeImage) {
@@ -1979,7 +1982,9 @@ bool SPIRVInstructionSelector::selectStore(MachineInstr 
&I) const {
   auto *PtrDef = getVRegDef(*MRI, Ptr);
   auto *IntPtrDef = dyn_cast<GIntrinsic>(PtrDef);
   if (IntPtrDef &&
-      IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer) {
+      (IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer ||
+       IntPtrDef->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer)) {
+
     Register HandleReg = IntPtrDef->getOperand(2).getReg();
     Register NewHandleReg =
         MRI->createVirtualRegister(MRI->getRegClass(HandleReg));
@@ -5094,6 +5099,7 @@ bool SPIRVInstructionSelector::selectIntrinsic(Register 
ResVReg,
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_gather:
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_gather_cmp:
     return selectGatherIntrinsic(ResVReg, ResType, I);
+  case Intrinsic::spv_resource_getbasepointer:
   case Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer: {
     return selectResourceGetPointer(ResVReg, ResType, I);
   }
@@ -5890,16 +5896,20 @@ bool 
SPIRVInstructionSelector::selectResourceGetPointer(Register &ResVReg,
   assert(ResType->getOpcode() == SPIRV::OpTypePointer);
   MachineIRBuilder MIRBuilder(I);
 
-  Register IndexReg = I.getOperand(3).getReg();
   Register ZeroReg =
       buildZerosVal(GR.getOrCreateSPIRVIntegerType(32, I, TII), I);
-  BuildMI(*I.getParent(), I, I.getDebugLoc(), TII.get(SPIRV::OpAccessChain))
-      .addDef(ResVReg)
-      .addUse(GR.getSPIRVTypeID(ResType))
-      .addUse(ResourcePtr)
-      .addUse(ZeroReg)
-      .addUse(IndexReg)
-      .constrainAllUses(TII, TRI, RBI);
+  auto MIB =
+      BuildMI(*I.getParent(), I, I.getDebugLoc(), 
TII.get(SPIRV::OpAccessChain))
+          .addDef(ResVReg)
+          .addUse(GR.getSPIRVTypeID(ResType))
+          .addUse(ResourcePtr)
+          .addUse(ZeroReg);
+
+  if (I.getNumExplicitOperands() > 3) {
+    Register IndexReg = I.getOperand(3).getReg();
+    MIB.addUse(IndexReg);
+  }
+  MIB.constrainAllUses(TII, TRI, RBI);
   return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/getbasepointer.ll 
b/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/getbasepointer.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aefeea0981871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/getbasepointer.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+; RUN: llc -O0 -verify-machineinstrs -mtriple=spirv1.6-vulkan1.3-library %s -o 
- | FileCheck %s
+; RUN: %if spirv-tools %{ llc -O0 -mtriple=spirv1.6-vulkan1.3-library %s -o - 
-filetype=obj | spirv-val %}
+
+target datalayout = 
"e-i64:64-v16:16-v24:32-v32:32-v48:64-v96:128-v192:256-v256:256-v512:512-v1024:1024-n8:16:32:64-G1"
+
[email protected] = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"B\00", align 1
[email protected] = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"S\00", align 1
+
+; CHECK-DAG: [[int:%[0-9]+]] = OpTypeInt 32 0
+; CHECK-DAG: [[zero:%[0-9]+]] = OpConstant [[int]] 0
+
+; CHECK-DAG: [[ArrayType:%.+]] = OpTypeRuntimeArray [[int]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[BufferType:%.+]] = OpTypeStruct [[ArrayType]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[BufferPtrType:%.+]] = OpTypePointer StorageBuffer [[BufferType]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[BufferVar:%.+]] = OpVariable [[BufferPtrType]] StorageBuffer
+
+; CHECK-DAG: [[StructType:%.+]] = OpTypeStruct [[int]] [[int]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[StructWrapper:%.+]] = OpTypeStruct [[StructType]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[StructPtrType:%.+]] = OpTypePointer StorageBuffer 
[[StructWrapper]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[StructVar:%.+]] = OpVariable [[StructPtrType]] StorageBuffer
+
+define i32 @main() local_unnamed_addr {
+entry:
+; CHECK-DAG: [[BufferHandle:%.+]] = OpCopyObject [[BufferPtrType]] 
[[BufferVar]]
+; CHECK-DAG: [[StructHandle:%.+]] = OpCopyObject [[StructPtrType]] 
[[StructVar]]
+
+  %BufferHandle = tail call target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", [0 x i32], 12, 0) 
@llvm.spv.resource.handlefrombinding.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(i32 0, i32 1, i32 1, 
i32 0, ptr nonnull @.str.1)
+  %StructHandle = tail call target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", {i32, i32}, 12, 0) 
@llvm.spv.resource.handlefrombinding.tspirv.VulkanBufferStruct(i32 0, i32 2, 
i32 1, i32 0, ptr nonnull @.str.2)
+
+; CHECK: [[AC2:%.+]] = OpAccessChain {{.*}} [[BufferHandle]] [[zero]]
+; CHECK-NOT: [[AC2]] = OpAccessChain {{.*}} [[BufferHandle]] [[zero]] %
+  %2 = tail call noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getbasepointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 [0 x i32], 12, 0) %BufferHandle)
+  %load2 = load i32, ptr addrspace(11) %2
+
+; CHECK: [[AC3:%.+]] = OpAccessChain {{.*}} [[BufferHandle]] [[zero]] 
[[index:%[0-9]+]]
+  %3 = tail call noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getpointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 [0 x i32], 12, 0) %BufferHandle, i32 42)
+  %load3 = load i32, ptr addrspace(11) %3
+
+; CHECK: [[AC4:%.+]] = OpAccessChain {{.*}} [[StructHandle]] [[zero]]
+; CHECK-NOT: [[AC4]] = OpAccessChain {{.*}} [[StructHandle]] [[zero]] %
+  %4 = tail call noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getbasepointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBufferStruct(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 {i32, i32}, 12, 0) %StructHandle)
+  %load4 = load i32, ptr addrspace(11) %4
+
+  %res1 = add i32 %load2, %load3
+  %res2 = add i32 %res1, %load4
+  ret i32 %res2
+}
+
+declare target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", [0 x i32], 12, 0) 
@llvm.spv.resource.handlefrombinding.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(i32, i32, i32, i32, 
ptr)
+declare target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", {i32, i32}, 12, 0) 
@llvm.spv.resource.handlefrombinding.tspirv.VulkanBufferStruct(i32, i32, i32, 
i32, ptr)
+
+declare ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getbasepointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 [0 x i32], 12, 0))
+declare ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getpointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBuffer(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 [0 x i32], 12, 0), i32)
+declare ptr addrspace(11) 
@llvm.spv.resource.getbasepointer.p11.tspirv.VulkanBufferStruct(target("spirv.VulkanBuffer",
 {i32, i32}, 12, 0))

>From c3ea7c0d18932788c0b092c71564923218b0c10c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Perron <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 17:00:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] [HLSL] Add ConstantBuffer<T>

The ConstantBuffer<T> is a standard resource type in HLSL. This commit
is following the design in wg-hlsl proposal 
[0046](https://github.com/llvm/wg-hlsl/blob/main/proposals/0046-constantbuffer-t.md).

The type constraints will be left to a follow up pr.

Assisted-by: Gemini
---
 clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h           |  11 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp |  30 ++++-
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h   |   3 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp     |  11 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp             |  14 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp                   |  47 +++++++
 .../AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST-error.hlsl   |  24 ++++
 clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST.hlsl  | 120 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../builtins/ConstantBuffer-layout.hlsl       |  68 ++++++++++
 .../CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer.hlsl  |  65 ++++++++++
 .../test/CodeGenHLSL/cbuffer_copy_layout.hlsl |  24 ++++
 .../BuiltIns/ConstantBuffer-member-funcs.hlsl |  28 ++++
 .../SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffers.hlsl    |  35 +++++
 13 files changed, 477 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST-error.hlsl
 create mode 100644 clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST.hlsl
 create mode 100644 clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer-layout.hlsl
 create mode 100644 clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer.hlsl
 create mode 100644 clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/cbuffer_copy_layout.hlsl
 create mode 100644 
clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffer-member-funcs.hlsl
 create mode 100644 clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffers.hlsl

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h 
b/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
index 1ba9bfed9918d..7a8fb5492f8df 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
@@ -143,6 +143,17 @@ class SemaHLSL : public SemaBase {
                                        bool IsCompAssign);
   void emitLogicalOperatorFixIt(Expr *LHS, Expr *RHS, BinaryOperatorKind Opc);
 
+  // Returns the result of converting ConstantBuffer<T> to
+  // `const hlsl_constant T&`. If `BaseExpr`'s type is not ConstantBuffer<T>
+  // then the return value is `std::nullopt`.
+  std::optional<ExprResult>
+  performConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr);
+
+  // Returns the conversion operator to convert `RD` to `const hlsl_constant
+  // Type&`. Returns `nullptr` if it could not be found.
+  NamedDecl *getConstantBufferConversionFunction(QualType Type,
+                                                 CXXRecordDecl *RD);
+
   /// Computes the unique Root Signature identifier from the given signature,
   /// then lookup if there is a previousy created Root Signature decl.
   ///
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
index ba8e63f01527a..a4c1c70ebf31b 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
@@ -554,6 +554,11 @@ void BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder::createDecl() {
         AST, DeclBuilder.Record, SourceLocation(), NameInfo, FuncTy, TSInfo,
         ExplicitSpecifier(), false, /*IsInline=*/true, false,
         ConstexprSpecKind::Unspecified);
+  else if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXConversionFunctionName)
+    Method = CXXConversionDecl::Create(
+        AST, DeclBuilder.Record, SourceLocation(), NameInfo, FuncTy, TSInfo,
+        false, /*isInline=*/true, ExplicitSpecifier(),
+        ConstexprSpecKind::Unspecified, SourceLocation());
   else
     Method = CXXMethodDecl::Create(
         AST, DeclBuilder.Record, SourceLocation(), NameInfo, FuncTy, TSInfo, 
SC,
@@ -879,7 +884,7 @@ BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder 
&BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder::returnValue(T ReturnValue) {
   ASTContext &AST = DeclBuilder.SemaRef.getASTContext();
 
   QualType Ty = ReturnValueExpr->getType();
-  if (Ty->isRecordType()) {
+  if (Ty->isRecordType() && !Method->getReturnType()->isReferenceType()) {
     // For record types, create a call to copy constructor to ensure proper 
copy
     // semantics.
     auto *ICE =
@@ -1055,6 +1060,27 @@ BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder 
&BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addSamplerHandle() {
   return *this;
 }
 
+BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addConversionToType() {
+  assert(!Record->isCompleteDefinition() && "record is already complete");
+  ASTContext &AST = SemaRef.getASTContext();
+  using PH = BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder::PlaceHolder;
+
+  QualType ElemTy = getHandleElementType();
+  QualType AddrSpaceElemTy = AST.getCanonicalType(
+      AST.getAddrSpaceQualType(ElemTy.withConst(), LangAS::hlsl_constant));
+  QualType ReturnTy =
+      AST.getCanonicalType(AST.getLValueReferenceType(AddrSpaceElemTy));
+
+  DeclarationName Name = AST.DeclarationNames.getCXXConversionFunctionName(
+      AST.getCanonicalType(ReturnTy));
+
+  return BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder(*this, Name, ReturnTy, /*IsConst=*/true)
+      .callBuiltin("__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer",
+                   AST.getPointerType(AddrSpaceElemTy), PH::Handle)
+      .dereference(PH::LastStmt)
+      .finalize();
+}
+
 BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &
 BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addFriend(CXXRecordDecl *Friend) {
   assert(!Record->isCompleteDefinition() && "record is already complete");
@@ -2159,7 +2185,7 @@ Expr 
*BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::getConstantUnsignedIntExpr(unsigned value) {
 
 BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &
 BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addSimpleTemplateParams(ArrayRef<StringRef> Names,
-                                                ConceptDecl *CD = nullptr) {
+                                                ConceptDecl *CD) {
   return addSimpleTemplateParams(Names, {}, CD);
 }
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
index e69afd67b2618..72e7bed2b991d 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder {
   ~BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder();
 
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addSimpleTemplateParams(ArrayRef<StringRef> Names,
-                                                  ConceptDecl *CD);
+                                                  ConceptDecl *CD = nullptr);
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &
   addSimpleTemplateParams(ArrayRef<StringRef> Names,
                           ArrayRef<QualType> DefaultTypes, ConceptDecl *CD);
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder {
   addTextureHandle(ResourceClass RC, bool IsROV, ResourceDimension RD,
                    AccessSpecifier Access = AccessSpecifier::AS_private);
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addSamplerHandle();
+  BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addConversionToType();
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addArraySubscriptOperators(
       ResourceDimension Dim = ResourceDimension::Unknown);
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
index 235ede8eb0bf0..10ffa7d6ab370 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
@@ -472,6 +472,17 @@ void 
HLSLExternalSemaSource::defineHLSLTypesWithForwardDeclarations() {
   ConceptDecl *StructuredBufferConcept = constructBufferConceptDecl(
       *SemaPtr, HLSLNamespace, /*isTypedBuffer*/ false);
 
+  Decl = BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder(*SemaPtr, HLSLNamespace, "ConstantBuffer")
+             .addSimpleTemplateParams({"element_type"})
+             .finalizeForwardDeclaration();
+
+  onCompletion(Decl, [this](CXXRecordDecl *Decl) {
+    setupBufferType(Decl, *SemaPtr, ResourceClass::CBuffer, /*IsROV=*/false,
+                    /*RawBuffer=*/false, /*HasCounter=*/false)
+        .addConversionToType()
+        .completeDefinition();
+  });
+
   Decl = BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder(*SemaPtr, HLSLNamespace, "Buffer")
              .addSimpleTemplateParams({"element_type"}, TypedBufferConcept)
              .finalizeForwardDeclaration();
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
index a4504410cae28..1e8ed5f678259 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
@@ -1292,6 +1292,20 @@ static ExprResult LookupMemberExpr(Sema &S, LookupResult 
&R,
         BaseExpr.get()->getValueKind(), FPOptionsOverride());
   }
 
+  // In HLSL, the member access on a ConstantBuffer<T> access the members of
+  // through the handle in the ConstantBuffer<T>. If BaseType is a
+  // ConstantBuffer, the conversion function to type T is called before trying
+  // to access the member.
+  if (S.getLangOpts().HLSL) {
+    if (std::optional<ExprResult> ConvBase =
+            S.HLSL().performConstantBufferConversion(BaseExpr)) {
+      assert(!ConvBase->isInvalid());
+      BaseExpr = *ConvBase;
+      BaseType = BaseExpr.get()->getType();
+      IsArrow = false;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Handle field access to simple records.
   if (BaseType->getAsRecordDecl()) {
     if (LookupMemberExprInRecord(S, R, BaseExpr.get(), BaseType, OpLoc, 
IsArrow,
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
index 7788d777edf1c..3280ea2338bb6 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
@@ -3175,6 +3175,53 @@ bool SemaHLSL::ActOnResourceMemberAccessExpr(MemberExpr 
*ME) {
   return true;
 }
 
+NamedDecl *SemaHLSL::getConstantBufferConversionFunction(QualType Type,
+                                                         CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
+  QualType AddrSpaceType =
+      SemaRef.Context.getCanonicalType(SemaRef.Context.getAddrSpaceQualType(
+          Type.withConst(), LangAS::hlsl_constant));
+  QualType ReturnTy = SemaRef.Context.getCanonicalType(
+      SemaRef.Context.getLValueReferenceType(AddrSpaceType));
+
+  DeclarationName ConvName =
+      SemaRef.Context.DeclarationNames.getCXXConversionFunctionName(
+          CanQualType::CreateUnsafe(ReturnTy));
+  LookupResult ConvR(SemaRef, ConvName, SourceLocation(),
+                     Sema::LookupOrdinaryName);
+  bool LookupSucceeded = SemaRef.LookupQualifiedName(ConvR, RD);
+  assert(LookupSucceeded);
+
+  for (NamedDecl *D : ConvR) {
+    if (isa<CXXConversionDecl>(D->getUnderlyingDecl()))
+      return D;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::optional<ExprResult>
+SemaHLSL::performConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr) {
+  QualType BaseType = BaseExpr.get()->getType();
+  const HLSLAttributedResourceType *ResTy =
+      HLSLAttributedResourceType::findHandleTypeOnResource(
+          BaseType.getTypePtr());
+  if (!ResTy ||
+      ResTy->getAttrs().ResourceClass != llvm::dxil::ResourceClass::CBuffer)
+    return std::nullopt;
+
+  QualType TemplateType = ResTy->getContainedType();
+
+  NamedDecl *NamedConversionDecl = getConstantBufferConversionFunction(
+      TemplateType, BaseType->getAsCXXRecordDecl());
+  assert(NamedConversionDecl &&
+         "Could not find conversion function for ConstantBuffer.");
+  auto *ConversionDecl =
+      cast<CXXConversionDecl>(NamedConversionDecl->getUnderlyingDecl());
+
+  return SemaRef.BuildCXXMemberCallExpr(BaseExpr.get(), NamedConversionDecl,
+                                        ConversionDecl,
+                                        /*HadMultipleCandidates=*/false);
+}
+
 void SemaHLSL::diagnoseAvailabilityViolations(TranslationUnitDecl *TU) {
   // Skip running the diagnostics scan if the diagnostic mode is
   // strict (-fhlsl-strict-availability) and the target shader stage is known
diff --git a/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST-error.hlsl 
b/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST-error.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3e2d8075a6569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST-error.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// RUN: not %clang_cc1 -triple dxil-pc-shadermodel6.3-library -x hlsl 
-ast-dump -finclude-default-header -o - %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+// Unimplemented: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/195093
+// Once fixed, these tests should work and we should check the AST.
+
+struct S {
+  float a;
+};
+ConstantBuffer<S> cb;
+
+void takes_s(S s) {}
+
+void main() {
+  S s;
+
+  // CHECK: error: no viable constructor copying parameter of type 'const 
hlsl_constant S'
+  takes_s(cb);
+
+  // CHECK: error: no viable constructor copying variable of type 'const 
hlsl_constant S'
+  S s2 = cb;
+
+  // CHECK: error: no viable conversion from 'ConstantBuffer<S>' to 'const S'
+  s = cb;
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST.hlsl 
b/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6a880c437db8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/AST/HLSL/ConstantBuffers-AST.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -triple dxil-pc-shadermodel6.0-library -x hlsl -ast-dump 
-disable-llvm-passes -finclude-default-header -o - %s | FileCheck %s
+
+// CHECK: ClassTemplateDecl {{.*}} ConstantBuffer
+// CHECK: TemplateTypeParmDecl {{.*}} element_type
+// CHECK: CXXRecordDecl {{.*}} ConstantBuffer definition
+// CHECK: FinalAttr {{.*}} Implicit final
+// CHECK-NEXT: FieldDecl {{.*}} implicit __handle '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+
+// CHECK: CXXConstructorDecl {{.*}} ConstantBuffer<element_type> 'void ()' 
inline
+// CHECK-NEXT: CompoundStmt
+// CHECK-NEXT: BinaryOperator {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' '='
+// CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' lvalue .__handle
+// CHECK-NEXT: CXXThisExpr {{.*}} 'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' lvalue 
implicit this
+// CHECK-NEXT: CStyleCastExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' <Dependent>
+// CHECK-NEXT: CallExpr {{.*}} '<dependent type>'
+
+// CHECK: CXXConstructorDecl {{.*}} ConstantBuffer<element_type> 'void (const 
hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &)' inline
+// CHECK-NEXT: ParmVarDecl {{.*}} other 'const 
hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &'
+// CHECK-NEXT: CompoundStmt
+// CHECK-NEXT: BinaryOperator {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' '='
+// CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' lvalue .__handle
+// CHECK-NEXT: CXXThisExpr {{.*}} 'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' lvalue 
implicit this
+// CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' lvalue .__handle
+// CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' 
lvalue ParmVar {{.*}} 'other' 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &'
+
+// CHECK: CXXMethodDecl {{.*}} operator= 'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> 
&(const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &)' inline
+// CHECK-NEXT: ParmVarDecl {{.*}} other 'const 
hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &'
+// CHECK-NEXT: CompoundStmt
+// CHECK-NEXT: BinaryOperator {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' '='
+// CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' lvalue .__handle
+// CHECK-NEXT: CXXThisExpr {{.*}} 'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' lvalue 
implicit this
+// CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '__hlsl_resource_t
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::resource_class(CBuffer)]]
+// CHECK-SAME{LITERAL}: [[hlsl::contained_type(element_type)]]
+// CHECK-SAME: ' lvalue .__handle
+// CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' 
lvalue ParmVar {{.*}} 'other' 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type> &'
+// CHECK-NEXT: ReturnStmt
+// CHECK-NEXT: CXXThisExpr {{.*}} 'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<element_type>' lvalue 
implicit this
+
+struct S {
+  float a;
+};
+ConstantBuffer<S> cb;
+
+struct Nested {
+  S s;
+  float b;
+};
+ConstantBuffer<Nested> cb_nested;
+
+void takes_s(S s) {}
+void takes_cb(ConstantBuffer<S> c) {}
+void takes_inout_cb(inout ConstantBuffer<S> c) {}
+
+float main() {
+  // CHECK: FunctionDecl {{.*}} main
+  // CHECK: MemberExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant float' lvalue .a
+  // CHECK-NEXT: CXXMemberCallExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant S' lvalue
+  // CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '<bound member function type>' .operator 
const hlsl_constant S &
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' 
lvalue <NoOp>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' lvalue Var {{.*}} 'cb' 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>'
+  float f1 = cb.a;
+
+  // CHECK: MemberExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant float' lvalue .b
+  // CHECK-NEXT: CXXMemberCallExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant Nested' lvalue
+  // CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '<bound member function type>' .operator 
const hlsl_constant Nested &
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>' 
lvalue <NoOp>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<Nested>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>' lvalue Var {{.*}} 
'cb_nested' 'ConstantBuffer<Nested>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>'
+  float f2 = cb_nested.b;
+
+  // CHECK: MemberExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant float' lvalue .a
+  // CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant S' lvalue .s
+  // CHECK-NEXT: CXXMemberCallExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl_constant Nested' lvalue
+  // CHECK-NEXT: MemberExpr {{.*}} '<bound member function type>' .operator 
const hlsl_constant Nested &
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>' 
lvalue <NoOp>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<Nested>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>' lvalue Var {{.*}} 
'cb_nested' 'ConstantBuffer<Nested>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<Nested>'
+  float f3 = cb_nested.s.a;
+
+  // CHECK: CallExpr {{.*}} 'void'
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'void (*)(ConstantBuffer<S>)' 
<FunctionToPointerDecay>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 'void (ConstantBuffer<S>)' lvalue Function 
{{.*}} 'takes_cb' 'void (ConstantBuffer<S>)'
+  // CHECK-NEXT: CXXConstructExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' 'void (const 
hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S> &)'
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'const hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' 
lvalue <NoOp>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' lvalue Var {{.*}} 'cb' 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>'
+  takes_cb(cb);
+
+  // CHECK: CallExpr {{.*}} 'void'
+  // CHECK-NEXT: ImplicitCastExpr {{.*}} 'void (*)(inout ConstantBuffer<S>)' 
<FunctionToPointerDecay>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: DeclRefExpr {{.*}} 'void (inout ConstantBuffer<S>)' lvalue 
Function {{.*}} 'takes_inout_cb' 'void (inout ConstantBuffer<S>)'
+  // CHECK-NEXT: HLSLOutArgExpr {{.*}} 
'ConstantBuffer<S>':'hlsl::ConstantBuffer<S>' lvalue inout
+  takes_inout_cb(cb);
+
+  return f1 + f2 + f3;
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer-layout.hlsl 
b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer-layout.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1cf65b83ab501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer-layout.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -finclude-default-header -triple 
dxil-pc-shadermodel6.3-library %s \
+// RUN:   -emit-llvm -disable-llvm-passes -o - | FileCheck %s 
--check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-DXIL
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -finclude-default-header -triple spirv-vulkan-library %s \
+// RUN:   -emit-llvm -disable-llvm-passes -o - | FileCheck %s 
--check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-SPIRV
+
+// Scenario 1: Basic Padding (No row crossing).
+struct Basic {
+  float3 a;
+  float b;
+};
+// CHECK-DAG: %Basic = type <{ <3 x float>, float }>
+// CHECK-DXIL-DAG: %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer" = type { target("dx.CBuffer", 
%Basic) }
+// CHECK-SPIRV-DAG: %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer" = type { 
target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", %Basic, 2, 0) }
+ConstantBuffer<Basic> cb_basic;
+
+// Scenario 2: Row Boundary Crossing.
+struct RowCrossing {
+  float2 a;
+  float3 b;
+};
+// CHECK-DXIL-DAG: %RowCrossing = type <{ <2 x float>, target("dx.Padding", 
8), <3 x float> }>
+// CHECK-SPIRV-DAG: %RowCrossing = type <{ <2 x float>, 
target("spirv.Padding", 8), <3 x float> }>
+ConstantBuffer<RowCrossing> cb_row_crossing;
+
+// Scenario 3: Arrays.
+struct ArrayPadding {
+  float a[2];
+  float b;
+};
+// CHECK-DXIL-DAG: %ArrayPadding = type <{ <{ [1 x <{ float, 
target("dx.Padding", 12) }>], float }>, float }>
+// CHECK-SPIRV-DAG: %ArrayPadding = type <{ <{ [1 x <{ float, 
target("spirv.Padding", 12) }>], float }>, float }>
+ConstantBuffer<ArrayPadding> cb_array;
+
+// Scenario 4: Nested Structs.
+struct Inner {
+  float a;
+};
+struct Outer {
+  Inner i;
+  float3 b;
+};
+// CHECK-DAG: %Inner = type <{ float }>
+// CHECK-DAG: %Outer = type <{ %Inner, <3 x float> }>
+ConstantBuffer<Outer> cb_nested;
+
+[numthreads(1,1,1)]
+void main() {
+  // Scenario 1
+  // CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z4mainv()
+  // CHECK: %[[CB_BASIC:.*]] = call {{.*}} ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI5BasicEcvRU{{.*}}S1_Ev
+  // CHECK: getelementptr inbounds nuw %Basic, ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
%[[CB_BASIC]], i32 0, i32 1
+  float f1 = cb_basic.b;
+
+  // Scenario 2
+  // CHECK: %[[CB_ROW:.*]] = call {{.*}} ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI11RowCrossingEcvRU{{.*}}S1_Ev
+  // CHECK: getelementptr inbounds nuw %RowCrossing, ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
%[[CB_ROW]], i32 0, i32 2
+  float3 f2 = cb_row_crossing.b;
+
+  // Scenario 3
+  // CHECK: %[[CB_ARRAY:.*]] = call {{.*}} ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI12ArrayPaddingEcvRU{{.*}}S1_Ev
+  // CHECK: getelementptr inbounds nuw %ArrayPadding, ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
%[[CB_ARRAY]], i32 0, i32 1
+  float f3 = cb_array.b;
+
+  // Scenario 4
+  // CHECK: %[[CB_NESTED:.*]] = call {{.*}} ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI5OuterEcvRU{{.*}}S1_Ev
+  // CHECK: getelementptr inbounds nuw %Outer, ptr addrspace({{.*}}) 
%[[CB_NESTED]], i32 0, i32 1
+  float3 f4 = cb_nested.b;
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer.hlsl 
b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cb853694a9d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/builtins/ConstantBuffer.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -finclude-default-header -triple 
dxil-pc-shadermodel6.0-compute -emit-llvm -disable-llvm-passes -o - %s | 
FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-DXIL
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -finclude-default-header -triple spirv-vulkan-library 
-emit-llvm -disable-llvm-passes -o - %s | FileCheck %s 
--check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-SPIRV
+
+struct S {
+  float a;
+  int b;
+};
+
+// CHECK-DXIL: %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer" = type { target("dx.CBuffer", %S) 
}
+// CHECK-SPIRV: %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer" = type { 
target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", %S, 2, 0) }
+ConstantBuffer<S> cb;
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z4mainv()
+// CHECK-DXIL: [[CB_CONV:%.*]] = call noundef {{.*}} ptr addrspace(2) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI1SEcvRU3AS2KS1_Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 4 
dereferenceable(4) @_ZL2cb)
+// CHECK-DXIL: [[GEP_A:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %S, ptr addrspace(2) 
[[CB_CONV]], i32 0, i32 0
+// CHECK-DXIL: [[LOAD_A:%.*]] = load float, ptr addrspace(2) [[GEP_A]], align 4
+
+// CHECK-SPIRV: [[CB_CONV:%.*]] = call noundef {{.*}} ptr addrspace(12) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI1SEcvRU4AS12KS1_Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 
dereferenceable(8) @_ZL2cb)
+// CHECK-SPIRV: [[GEP_A:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %S, ptr 
addrspace(12) [[CB_CONV]], i32 0, i32 0
+// CHECK-SPIRV: [[LOAD_A:%.*]] = load float, ptr addrspace(12) [[GEP_A]], 
align 4
+
+// CHECK: store float [[LOAD_A]], ptr %f, align 4
+[numthreads(1,1,1)]
+void main() {
+  float f = cb.a;
+}
+
+struct Nested {
+  S s;
+  float c;
+};
+
+ConstantBuffer<Nested> cb_nested[2];
+
+[numthreads(1,1,1)]
+void foo() {
+  // CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z3foov()
+  // CHECK-DXIL: [[TMP_CB:%.*]] = alloca %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer.0", 
align 4
+  // CHECK-DXIL: call void 
@_ZN4hlsl14ConstantBufferI6NestedE27__createFromImplicitBindingEjjijPKc(ptr 
dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer.0") align 4 
[[TMP_CB]], i32 noundef 1, i32 noundef 0, i32 noundef 2, i32 noundef 1, ptr 
noundef @cb_nested.str)
+  // CHECK-DXIL: [[CB_CONV:%.*]] = call noundef {{.*}} ptr addrspace(2) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI6NestedEcvRU3AS2KS1_Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 4 
dereferenceable(4) [[TMP_CB]])
+  // CHECK-DXIL: [[GEP_S:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %Nested, ptr 
addrspace(2) [[CB_CONV]], i32 0, i32 0
+  // CHECK-DXIL: [[GEP_A2:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %S, ptr 
addrspace(2) [[GEP_S]], i32 0, i32 0
+  // CHECK-DXIL: [[LOAD_A2:%.*]] = load float, ptr addrspace(2) [[GEP_A2]], 
align 4
+
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: [[TMP_CB:%.*]] = alloca %"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer.0", 
align 8
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: call void 
@_ZN4hlsl14ConstantBufferI6NestedE27__createFromImplicitBindingEjjijPKc(ptr 
dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.hlsl::ConstantBuffer.0") align 8 
[[TMP_CB]], i32 noundef 1, i32 noundef 0, i32 noundef 2, i32 noundef 1, ptr 
noundef @cb_nested.str)
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: [[CB_CONV:%.*]] = call noundef {{.*}} ptr addrspace(12) 
@_ZNK4hlsl14ConstantBufferI6NestedEcvRU4AS12KS1_Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 
dereferenceable(8) [[TMP_CB]])
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: [[GEP_S:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %Nested, ptr 
addrspace(12) [[CB_CONV]], i32 0, i32 0
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: [[GEP_A2:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds nuw %S, ptr 
addrspace(12) [[GEP_S]], i32 0, i32 0
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: [[LOAD_A2:%.*]] = load float, ptr addrspace(12) [[GEP_A2]], 
align 4
+
+  // CHECK: store float [[LOAD_A2]], ptr %f2, align 4
+  float f2 = cb_nested[1].s.a;
+}
+
+void takes_cb(ConstantBuffer<S> c) {}
+
+[numthreads(1,1,1)]
+void test_params() {
+  // CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z11test_paramsv()
+  // CHECK: call void @_ZN4hlsl14ConstantBufferI1SEC1ERKS2_(ptr noundef 
nonnull align {{[0-9]+}} dereferenceable({{[0-9]+}}) %agg.tmp, ptr noundef 
nonnull align {{[0-9]+}} dereferenceable({{[0-9]+}}) @_ZL2cb)
+  // CHECK-DXIL: call void @_Z8takes_cbN4hlsl14ConstantBufferI1SEE(ptr noundef 
dead_on_return %agg.tmp)
+  // CHECK-SPIRV: call {{.*}} void @_Z8takes_cbN4hlsl14ConstantBufferI1SEE(ptr 
noundef dead_on_return %agg.tmp)
+  takes_cb(cb);
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/cbuffer_copy_layout.hlsl 
b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/cbuffer_copy_layout.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ed1fe3ac0014e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/CodeGenHLSL/cbuffer_copy_layout.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// RUN: not %clang_cc1 -finclude-default-header -triple 
dxil-pc-shadermodel6.3-library %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+// Unimplemented: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/195093
+// These cases should work. When fixed we should add proper CHECKs.
+
+struct S {
+  float3 a;
+  float2 b;
+};
+
+cbuffer CB {
+  S s_cb;
+}
+
+ConstantBuffer<S> cb;
+
+[numthreads(1,1,1)]
+void main() {
+  // CHECK: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'S'
+  S l1 = s_cb;
+
+  // CHECK: error: no viable constructor copying variable of type 'const 
hlsl_constant S'
+  S l2 = cb;
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffer-member-funcs.hlsl 
b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffer-member-funcs.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..179a4e1fec101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffer-member-funcs.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -triple dxil-pc-shadermodel6.3-compute -x hlsl 
-finclude-default-header -fsyntax-only -verify %s
+
+struct S {
+    float a;
+    
+    float foo() const {
+        return a;
+    };
+
+    void bar() { // expected-note {{'bar' declared here}}
+        a = 1.0;
+    }
+};
+
+ConstantBuffer<S> CB;
+
+[numthreads(4,1,1)]
+void main() {
+    // Bug: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/153055
+    // Calling non-const member function is allowed, but not  implemented yet.
+    // We should remove the expected error when done.
+    // expected-error@+1 {{cannot initialize object parameter of type 'const 
S' with an expression of type 'const hlsl_constant S'}}
+    float tmp = CB.foo();
+
+    // Calling non-const member function is not allowed.
+    // expected-error@+1 {{'this' argument to member function 'bar' has type 
'const hlsl_constant S', but function is not marked const}}
+    CB.bar();
+}
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffers.hlsl 
b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffers.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..10c65031b79f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/SemaHLSL/BuiltIns/ConstantBuffers.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -triple dxil-pc-shadermodel6.0-compute -x hlsl 
-finclude-default-header -fsyntax-only -verify %s
+
+struct S { // expected-note 3 {{candidate constructor}}
+  float a;
+  int b;
+};
+
+struct Empty {};
+
+struct ContainsResource {
+  Texture2D tex;
+};
+
+union U {
+  float a;
+  int b;
+};
+
+// Valid
+ConstantBuffer<S> cb;
+ConstantBuffer<Empty> cb_empty;
+
+void takes_inout_s(inout S s) {}
+
+void foo() {
+  // This case should fail because we cannot writeback to `cb` after the call.
+  // expected-error@+1 {{no viable constructor copying parameter of type 
'const hlsl_constant S'}}
+  takes_inout_s(cb);
+}
+
+void test_direct_assignment() {
+  // expected-error@+2 {{cannot assign to return value because function 
'operator const hlsl_constant S &' returns a const value}}
+  // expected-note@* {{function 'operator const hlsl_constant S &' which 
returns const-qualified type 'const hlsl_constant S &' declared here}}
+  cb.a = 5.0;
+}

>From bec6fa7914011909a7e496c0f0ec1d854bda6c05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Perron <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 13:18:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Changes from code review.

---
 clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h           | 2 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp | 3 ++-
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h   | 2 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp     | 2 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp             | 4 ++--
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp                   | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h 
b/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
index 7a8fb5492f8df..68c2f209976c4 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaHLSL.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class SemaHLSL : public SemaBase {
   // `const hlsl_constant T&`. If `BaseExpr`'s type is not ConstantBuffer<T>
   // then the return value is `std::nullopt`.
   std::optional<ExprResult>
-  performConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr);
+  tryPerformConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr);
 
   // Returns the conversion operator to convert `RD` to `const hlsl_constant
   // Type&`. Returns `nullptr` if it could not be found.
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
index 75ab5962f2b40..fb7d495b7bd30 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.cpp
@@ -1060,7 +1060,8 @@ BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder 
&BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addSamplerHandle() {
   return *this;
 }
 
-BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addConversionToType() {
+BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &
+BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder::addConstantBufferConversionToType() {
   assert(!Record->isCompleteDefinition() && "record is already complete");
   ASTContext &AST = SemaRef.getASTContext();
   using PH = BuiltinTypeMethodBuilder::PlaceHolder;
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
index 72e7bed2b991d..f8fc2eeb3af55 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLBuiltinTypeDeclBuilder.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder {
   addTextureHandle(ResourceClass RC, bool IsROV, ResourceDimension RD,
                    AccessSpecifier Access = AccessSpecifier::AS_private);
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addSamplerHandle();
-  BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addConversionToType();
+  BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addConstantBufferConversionToType();
   BuiltinTypeDeclBuilder &addArraySubscriptOperators(
       ResourceDimension Dim = ResourceDimension::Unknown);
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
index 10ffa7d6ab370..9769eee10ae2f 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/HLSLExternalSemaSource.cpp
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ void 
HLSLExternalSemaSource::defineHLSLTypesWithForwardDeclarations() {
   onCompletion(Decl, [this](CXXRecordDecl *Decl) {
     setupBufferType(Decl, *SemaPtr, ResourceClass::CBuffer, /*IsROV=*/false,
                     /*RawBuffer=*/false, /*HasCounter=*/false)
-        .addConversionToType()
+        .addConstantBufferConversionToType()
         .completeDefinition();
   });
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp 
b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
index 1e8ed5f678259..851d58c49f7b9 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprMember.cpp
@@ -1296,9 +1296,9 @@ static ExprResult LookupMemberExpr(Sema &S, LookupResult 
&R,
   // through the handle in the ConstantBuffer<T>. If BaseType is a
   // ConstantBuffer, the conversion function to type T is called before trying
   // to access the member.
-  if (S.getLangOpts().HLSL) {
+  if (S.getLangOpts().HLSL && BaseType->isHLSLResourceRecord()) {
     if (std::optional<ExprResult> ConvBase =
-            S.HLSL().performConstantBufferConversion(BaseExpr)) {
+            S.HLSL().tryPerformConstantBufferConversion(BaseExpr)) {
       assert(!ConvBase->isInvalid());
       BaseExpr = *ConvBase;
       BaseType = BaseExpr.get()->getType();
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
index 3280ea2338bb6..717dfdcb36048 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaHLSL.cpp
@@ -3199,7 +3199,7 @@ NamedDecl 
*SemaHLSL::getConstantBufferConversionFunction(QualType Type,
 }
 
 std::optional<ExprResult>
-SemaHLSL::performConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr) {
+SemaHLSL::tryPerformConstantBufferConversion(ExprResult &BaseExpr) {
   QualType BaseType = BaseExpr.get()->getType();
   const HLSLAttributedResourceType *ResTy =
       HLSLAttributedResourceType::findHandleTypeOnResource(

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