https://github.com/adams381 updated 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/220724

>From 1644b94b8bb92f43cda31c08323c58c7b7fd79e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam Smith <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 13:40:05 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] [CIR] Honor the Direct coercion offset in x86_64 callconv
 lowering

When a record's low eightbyte holds no field, the classifier passes it in one
register read from byte 8 rather than byte 0. CallConvLowering had no way to
represent that, so `convertABIArgInfo` rejected the whole signature as NYI.

`ArgClassification` now carries the offset and `emitCoercionToMemory` reads and
writes the coerced scalar through a `u8` `cir.ptr_stride` at that byte. The
offset-zero path is untouched.

A register-tuple coercion at an offset is refused rather than read from the
wrong bytes, a pair SysV cannot currently produce.

Supersedes #203640, which had the coercion mechanism but nothing calling it.

Assisted-by: Cursor / claude-opus-5
---
 .../Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp       |  42 +++---
 .../TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp   | 113 +++++++++++-----
 .../call-conv-lowering-x86_64-empty.cpp       |  31 +++++
 .../abi-lowering/x86_64-aggregate-nyi.cir     |  10 --
 .../x86_64-struct-direct-offset.cir           | 123 ++++++++++++++++++
 mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h     |  17 ++-
 6 files changed, 275 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 
clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-struct-direct-offset.cir

diff --git a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
index 233b826853f76..242fda30343a1 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
@@ -473,14 +473,16 @@ static const llvm::abi::Type *mapCIRType(mlir::Type type,
 /// CIRABIRewriteContext.
 ///
 /// Direct: the value passes in register(s).  A coercion is forwarded in the
-/// three cases where the value has to be rebuilt on the wire: an aggregate
+/// four cases where the value has to be rebuilt on the wire: an aggregate
 /// unpacked into the register(s) holding it, a scalar too wide for one 
register
-/// split into a tuple of them, and a scalar the classifier widens to fill its
-/// eightbyte.  getDirect keeps canFlatten set so the rewriter can split a
-/// multi-field coerced struct into individual wire arguments.  Any other 
scalar
-/// passes in its natural CIR type, which a null coercion denotes.  A coercion
-/// this bridge cannot represent yields std::nullopt so the caller reports NYI
-/// rather than silently passing the value unchanged.
+/// split into a tuple of them, a scalar the classifier widens to fill its
+/// eightbyte, and a value whose live bytes start partway into its storage
+/// because a leading eightbyte holds no field (getDirectOffset).  getDirect
+/// keeps canFlatten set so the rewriter can split a multi-field coerced
+/// struct into individual wire arguments.  Any other scalar passes in its
+/// natural CIR type, which a null coercion denotes.  A coercion this bridge
+/// cannot represent yields std::nullopt so the caller reports NYI rather than
+/// silently passing the value unchanged.
 ///
 /// Extend: bool or a sub-register integer needs a signext/zeroext attribute.
 /// The x86_64 classifier (llvm/lib/ABI/Targets/X86.cpp) only returns Extend
@@ -495,11 +497,7 @@ static std::optional<ArgClassification>
 convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, MLIRContext *ctx,
                   mlir::Type origTy) {
   if (info.isDirect()) {
-    // The rewriter reads a coercion from the start of the value's storage, so 
a
-    // classification naming an offset into it has no representation here.  The
-    // classifier names one when the low eightbyte holds no field.
-    if (info.getDirectOffset())
-      return std::nullopt;
+    unsigned offset = info.getDirectOffset();
     // The classifier names a coerce type even where it matches the natural
     // type, so a non-null coerce does not by itself mean a rewrite is needed.
     const llvm::abi::Type *coerceAbi = info.getCoerceToType();
@@ -510,6 +508,10 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
         coerceAbi && isa_and_present<cir::ComplexType, 
cir::VectorType>(origTy);
     bool coerceIsRegisterTuple =
         isa_and_present<llvm::abi::RecordType>(coerceAbi);
+    // A tuple coercion cannot be read at an offset, so refuse the pair rather
+    // than emit a read of the wrong bytes.
+    if (offset && coerceIsRegisterTuple)
+      return std::nullopt;
     // Compare widths rather than identity: a coerce no wider than the natural
     // type carries the same value and needs no rewrite.
     auto origInt = dyn_cast_if_present<cir::IntType>(origTy);
@@ -520,19 +522,27 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
         coerceInt->getSizeInBits().getFixedValue() > origInt.getWidth();
     // Leaving the rest alone also avoids a lossy round trip: abiTypeToCIR
     // drops the LongDoubleType wrapper and a pointer's pointee, so comparing a
-    // scalar against its own coerce would report a difference that is not one.
-    if (!isAggregate && !comparesAgainstCoerce && !coerceIsRegisterTuple &&
-        !coerceWidensScalar)
+    // scalar against its own coerce would report a difference that is not
+    // one.  Passing a value through reads it from byte 0, so one living at
+    // an offset cannot take this path.
+    if (!offset && !isAggregate && !comparesAgainstCoerce &&
+        !coerceIsRegisterTuple && !coerceWidensScalar)
       return ArgClassification::getDirect(nullptr);
     mlir::Type coerced = abiTypeToCIR(coerceAbi, ctx);
     if (!coerced)
       return std::nullopt;
+    // An offset would be lost here, since a coercion to the value's own type
+    // is indistinguishable from no coercion at all.
+    if (offset && coerced == origTy)
+      return std::nullopt;
     // Coercing a value to the type it already has would add a memory round
     // trip for nothing.
     if (comparesAgainstCoerce && coerced == origTy)
       return ArgClassification::getDirect(nullptr);
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(coerced);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(coerced, offset);
   }
+  // An extended value is always read from byte 0 of its own storage, so
+  // there is no offset to honor here.
   if (info.isExtend()) {
     if (isa_and_present<cir::BoolType>(origTy))
       return ArgClassification::getExtend(nullptr, info.isSignExt());
diff --git 
a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
index 8cf332bbbefa3..91efb28625f0f 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
@@ -311,14 +311,21 @@ static uint64_t coercionByteSize(mlir::Type ty, const 
mlir::DataLayout &dl) {
 /// dominate every use of the coerced value and must be a block that ends up
 /// inside the enclosing function's entry block after any later outlining.
 ///
+/// \p offset is where the coerced value sits within the larger of the two
+/// types, non-zero when the ABI passes a value in a register read from
+/// partway into its storage.  The coerced type must be the smaller of the
+/// two, so one that can exceed the value it coerces, such as a multi-field
+/// register tuple, must not be given an offset.
+///
 /// Any operations the helper creates are appended to \p createdOps so the
 /// caller can pass them to replaceAllUsesExcept and avoid clobbering the
 /// store's value operand when later rewiring the source value.
-mlir::Value
-emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, mlir::Location loc,
-                     mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src, mlir::Block *slotBlock,
-                     const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
-                     SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> &createdOps) {
+mlir::Value emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, mlir::Location loc,
+                                 mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src,
+                                 mlir::Block *slotBlock,
+                                 const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
+                                 SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> 
&createdOps,
+                                 unsigned offset = 0) {
   mlir::Type srcTy = src.getType();
   assert(srcTy != dstTy &&
          "emitCoercion callers must pre-check that the types differ");
@@ -330,6 +337,19 @@ emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
                           ? srcTy
                           : dstTy;
 
+  // Sizes are compared two ways on purpose: relative size in
+  // coercionByteSize terms, which is how slotTy was picked, and capacity in
+  // getTypeSize terms, which is what the alloca is given.
+  [[maybe_unused]] mlir::Type coercedTy = slotTy == srcTy ? dstTy : srcTy;
+  assert((offset == 0 ||
+          coercionByteSize(coercedTy, dl) < coercionByteSize(slotTy, dl)) &&
+         "a direct offset must land on the coerced side, the smaller one");
+  assert((offset == 0 ||
+          offset + dl.getTypeSize(coercedTy) <= dl.getTypeSize(slotTy)) &&
+         "coerce slot too small for offset access");
+  assert((offset == 0 || offset % dl.getTypeABIAlignment(coercedTy) == 0) &&
+         "a direct offset must be aligned for the coerced access");
+
   auto slotPtrTy = cir::PointerType::get(slotTy);
   auto srcPtrTy = cir::PointerType::get(srcTy);
   auto dstPtrTy = cir::PointerType::get(dstTy);
@@ -344,25 +364,42 @@ emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
   }
   createdOps.insert(alloca);
 
+  // The alloca already has slotTy, so asking for that type returns it
+  // unchanged.  Any other type is reached by a bitcast, preceded by a byte
+  // stride when the coerced value lives at an offset.
+  auto slotView = [&](mlir::Type wantTy,
+                      cir::PointerType wantPtrTy) -> mlir::Value {
+    if (wantTy == slotTy)
+      return alloca;
+    mlir::Value base = alloca;
+    if (offset != 0) {
+      auto u8Ty =
+          cir::IntType::get(builder.getContext(), 8, /*isSigned=*/false);
+      auto u8PtrTy = cir::PointerType::get(u8Ty);
+      auto u8Base = cir::CastOp::create(builder, loc, u8PtrTy,
+                                        cir::CastKind::bitcast, alloca);
+      createdOps.insert(u8Base);
+      auto strideTy =
+          cir::IntType::get(builder.getContext(), 64, /*isSigned=*/true);
+      auto strideVal = cir::ConstantOp::create(
+          builder, loc, cir::IntAttr::get(strideTy, offset));
+      createdOps.insert(strideVal);
+      base = cir::PtrStrideOp::create(builder, loc, u8PtrTy, u8Base, 
strideVal);
+      createdOps.insert(base.getDefiningOp());
+    }
+    auto cast = cir::CastOp::create(builder, loc, wantPtrTy,
+                                    cir::CastKind::bitcast, base);
+    createdOps.insert(cast);
+    return cast;
+  };
+
   // Store through a source-typed view of the slot.
-  mlir::Value srcSlot = alloca;
-  if (slotTy != srcTy) {
-    auto srcCast = cir::CastOp::create(builder, loc, srcPtrTy,
-                                       cir::CastKind::bitcast, alloca);
-    createdOps.insert(srcCast);
-    srcSlot = srcCast;
-  }
+  mlir::Value srcSlot = slotView(srcTy, srcPtrTy);
   auto store = cir::StoreOp::create(builder, loc, src, srcSlot);
   createdOps.insert(store);
 
   // Return a destination-typed view of the slot.
-  if (slotTy != dstTy) {
-    auto dstCast = cir::CastOp::create(builder, loc, dstPtrTy,
-                                       cir::CastKind::bitcast, alloca);
-    createdOps.insert(dstCast);
-    return dstCast;
-  }
-  return alloca;
+  return slotView(dstTy, dstPtrTy);
 }
 
 /// Coerce \p src to type \p dstTy by going through memory and load the whole
@@ -371,9 +408,10 @@ emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
 mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, mlir::Location loc,
                          mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src,
                          mlir::Block *slotBlock, const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
-                         SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> &createdOps) {
-  mlir::Value dstSlot =
-      emitCoercionToMemory(builder, loc, dstTy, src, slotBlock, dl, 
createdOps);
+                         SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> &createdOps,
+                         unsigned offset = 0) {
+  mlir::Value dstSlot = emitCoercionToMemory(builder, loc, dstTy, src,
+                                             slotBlock, dl, createdOps, 
offset);
   auto load = cir::LoadOp::create(builder, loc, dstSlot);
   createdOps.insert(load);
   return load;
@@ -383,9 +421,10 @@ mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
 /// (e.g. call-site coercion where we don't replaceAllUsesExcept).
 mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, mlir::Location loc,
                          mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src,
-                         mlir::Block *slotBlock, const mlir::DataLayout &dl) {
+                         mlir::Block *slotBlock, const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
+                         unsigned offset = 0) {
   SmallPtrSet<mlir::Operation *, 4> ignored;
-  return emitCoercion(builder, loc, dstTy, src, slotBlock, dl, ignored);
+  return emitCoercion(builder, loc, dstTy, src, slotBlock, dl, ignored, 
offset);
 }
 
 /// The block a coercion slot's alloca belongs at the start of.
@@ -414,8 +453,8 @@ mlir::Block *coercionSlotBlock(mlir::Operation *op) {
 /// new (coerced) return type.
 void insertReturnCoercion(mlir::FunctionOpInterface funcOp,
                           mlir::Type origRetTy, mlir::Type coercedRetTy,
-                          mlir::OpBuilder &builder,
-                          const mlir::DataLayout &dl) {
+                          mlir::OpBuilder &builder, const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
+                          unsigned offset) {
   SmallVector<cir::ReturnOp> returns;
   funcOp.walk([&](cir::ReturnOp r) { returns.push_back(r); });
   for (cir::ReturnOp r : returns) {
@@ -427,7 +466,7 @@ void insertReturnCoercion(mlir::FunctionOpInterface funcOp,
     builder.setInsertionPoint(r);
     mlir::Value coerced =
         emitCoercion(builder, r.getLoc(), coercedRetTy, origVal,
-                     &funcOp->getRegion(0).front(), dl);
+                     &funcOp->getRegion(0).front(), dl, offset);
     r->setOperand(0, coerced);
   }
 }
@@ -650,6 +689,9 @@ void insertArgCoercion(mlir::FunctionOpInterface funcOp,
       Value finalVal = flatLoaded;
       if (origTy != flatTy) {
         SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 4> coercionOps;
+        assert(!ac.directOffset &&
+               "each field is read from slot offset 0 here, so a flattened "
+               "coercion cannot honor a direct offset");
         finalVal = emitCoercion(builder, loc, origTy, flatLoaded, &entry, dl,
                                 coercionOps);
         flattenOps.insert(coercionOps.begin(), coercionOps.end());
@@ -674,8 +716,9 @@ void insertArgCoercion(mlir::FunctionOpInterface funcOp,
 
       builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&entry);
       SmallPtrSet<mlir::Operation *, 4> coercionOps;
-      mlir::Value adapted = emitCoercion(builder, funcOp.getLoc(), oldArgTy,
-                                         blockArg, &entry, dl, coercionOps);
+      mlir::Value adapted =
+          emitCoercion(builder, funcOp.getLoc(), oldArgTy, blockArg, &entry, 
dl,
+                       coercionOps, ac.directOffset);
 
       // Replace blockArg uses with the adapted value, except inside the
       // helper ops we just created.  This is critical: the StoreOp's value
@@ -1062,7 +1105,7 @@ mlir::LogicalResult 
CIRABIRewriteContext::rewriteFunctionDefinition(
       if (fc.returnInfo.kind == ArgKind::Direct && fc.returnInfo.coercedType &&
           !oldResultTypes.empty() && fc.returnInfo.coercedType != origRetTy)
         insertReturnCoercion(funcOp, origRetTy, fc.returnInfo.coercedType,
-                             builder, dl);
+                             builder, dl, fc.returnInfo.directOffset);
 
       mlir::Block &entry = body.front();
 
@@ -1224,6 +1267,9 @@ CIRABIRewriteContext::rewriteCallSite(mlir::Operation 
*callOp,
       // alloca when possible).
       if (arg.getType() != flatTy) {
         SmallPtrSet<mlir::Operation *, 4> coercionOps;
+        assert(!ac.directOffset &&
+               "each field is read from slot offset 0 here, so a flattened "
+               "coercion cannot honor a direct offset");
         mlir::Value coercedPtr = emitCoercionToMemory(
             builder, call.getLoc(), flatTy, arg, slotBlock, dl, coercionOps);
         for (auto [f, fieldTy] : llvm::enumerate(flatTy.getMembers())) {
@@ -1249,7 +1295,7 @@ CIRABIRewriteContext::rewriteCallSite(mlir::Operation 
*callOp,
     } else if (ac.kind == ArgKind::Direct && ac.coercedType &&
                arg.getType() != ac.coercedType) {
       arg = emitCoercion(builder, call.getLoc(), ac.coercedType, arg, 
slotBlock,
-                         dl);
+                         dl, ac.directOffset);
       newArgs.push_back(arg);
     } else if (ac.kind == ArgKind::Indirect) {
       // byval hands the callee its own copy.  byref must name the caller's
@@ -1317,8 +1363,9 @@ CIRABIRewriteContext::rewriteCallSite(mlir::Operation 
*callOp,
   // emit a coercion back to the original type for the call's existing uses.
   if (returnNeedsCoercion) {
     builder.setInsertionPointAfter(newCall);
-    mlir::Value coercedBack = emitCoercion(builder, call.getLoc(), origRetTy,
-                                           newCall.getResult(), slotBlock, dl);
+    mlir::Value coercedBack =
+        emitCoercion(builder, call.getLoc(), origRetTy, newCall.getResult(),
+                     slotBlock, dl, fc.returnInfo.directOffset);
     call.getResult().replaceAllUsesWith(coercedBack);
   }
 
diff --git a/clang/test/CIR/CodeGen/call-conv-lowering-x86_64-empty.cpp 
b/clang/test/CIR/CodeGen/call-conv-lowering-x86_64-empty.cpp
index 30999935ef9d0..8fa7fefec41f6 100644
--- a/clang/test/CIR/CodeGen/call-conv-lowering-x86_64-empty.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/CIR/CodeGen/call-conv-lowering-x86_64-empty.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ struct EmptySecond { long a; Empty e; };
 struct EmptySSE { double a; Empty e; };
 struct FloatEmpty { float a; Empty e; };
 struct FloatEmptyFirst { Empty e; float a; };
+struct HiWord { Empty e; long hi; };
 struct alignas(32) Big32 {};
 union UBits { unsigned : 3; };
 union UNone {};
@@ -145,6 +146,36 @@ float takeFloatEmptyFirst(FloatEmptyFirst v) { return v.a; 
}
 // CIR: cir.func {{.*}}@_Z19takeFloatEmptyFirst15FloatEmptyFirst(%arg0: 
!cir.double {{.*}}) -> (!cir.float
 // LLVM: define dso_local noundef float 
@_Z19takeFloatEmptyFirst15FloatEmptyFirst(double %{{[^,]+}})
 
+// Here the empty member owns eightbyte 0 rather than eightbyte 1, so NoClass
+// cannot just be dropped: the coercion has to start at byte 8.
+long takeHiWord(HiWord v) { return v.hi; }
+
+// CIR: cir.func {{.*}}@_Z10takeHiWord6HiWord(%arg0: !s64i {{.*}}) -> (!s64i
+// LLVM: define dso_local noundef i64 @_Z10takeHiWord6HiWord(i64 %{{[^,]+}})
+// LLVM:   %{{.+}} = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %{{.+}}, i64 8
+// LLVM:   store i64 %{{.+}}, ptr %{{.+}}, align 8
+
+// The same offset on the return side.
+HiWord giveHiWord(long hi) {
+  HiWord w;
+  w.hi = hi;
+  return w;
+}
+
+// CIR: cir.func {{.*}}@_Z10giveHiWordl(%arg0: !s64i {llvm.noundef} {{.*}}) -> 
!s64i
+// LLVM: define dso_local i64 @_Z10giveHiWordl(i64 noundef %{{[^,]+}})
+// LLVM:   %[[RGEP:.+]] = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %{{.+}}, i64 8
+// LLVM:   %[[RVAL:.+]] = load i64, ptr %[[RGEP]], align 8
+// LLVM:   ret i64 %[[RVAL]]
+
+// The caller's own signature is unaffected by the callee's coercion.
+long callerHiWord(long hi) {
+  return takeHiWord(giveHiWord(hi));
+}
+
+// CIR: cir.func {{.*}}@_Z12callerHiWordl(%arg0: !s64i {{.*}}) -> (!s64i
+// LLVM: define dso_local noundef i64 @_Z12callerHiWordl(i64 noundef 
%{{[^,]+}})
+
 // Past two eightbytes SysV says memory whatever the content, so an empty class
 // this size is passed indirectly at its declared alignment.
 int takeBig32(Big32 v, int k) { return k; }
diff --git a/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-aggregate-nyi.cir 
b/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-aggregate-nyi.cir
index 7da3a76abc494..b9e2d795e70b4 100644
--- a/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-aggregate-nyi.cir
+++ b/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-aggregate-nyi.cir
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 !rec_HoldsAllPad = !cir.struct<"HoldsAllPad" {data !s32i, empty !rec_E}>
 !rec_EBits = !cir.struct<"EBits" {empty !u32i}>
 !rec_HoldsEmptyBits = !cir.struct<"HoldsEmptyBits" {empty !rec_EBits, data 
!s32i}>
-!rec_LeadPad = !cir.struct<"LeadPad" {pad !cir.array<!u8i x 8>, data !s32i}>
 !rec_Incomplete = !cir.struct<"Incomplete" incomplete>
 
 module attributes {
@@ -196,15 +195,6 @@ module attributes {
 
   // CHECK: not yet implemented for type '!cir.struct<"HoldsEmptyBits" {empty
 
-  // With no field in the low eightbyte the classifier coerces the high one and
-  // names an offset of 8 into the record, which the rewriter cannot express: 
it
-  // reads a coercion from offset 0, so the argument would land in the padding.
-  cir.func @take_lead_pad(%arg0: !rec_LeadPad) {
-    cir.return
-  }
-
-  // CHECK: not yet implemented for the ABI coercion of type 
'!cir.struct<"LeadPad"
-
   // A scalable vector has no size the eightbyte rules can read.
   cir.func @take_scalable(%arg0: !cir.vector<[4] x !cir.float>) {
     cir.return
diff --git 
a/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-struct-direct-offset.cir 
b/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-struct-direct-offset.cir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..07132c8c308fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/CIR/Transforms/abi-lowering/x86_64-struct-direct-offset.cir
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// RUN: cir-opt %s -cir-call-conv-lowering=target=x86_64 | FileCheck %s
+// RUN: cir-opt %s -cir-call-conv-lowering=target=x86_64 -cir-to-llvm -o - 
2>/dev/null \
+// RUN:   | mlir-translate -mlir-to-llvmir --allow-unregistered-dialect \
+// RUN:   | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LLVM
+
+!u8i = !cir.int<u, 8>
+!s32i = !cir.int<s, 32>
+!s64i = !cir.int<s, 64>
+!rec_Empty = !cir.struct<"Empty" {pad !u8i}>
+!rec_HiWord = !cir.struct<"HiWord" {data !rec_Empty, data !s64i}>
+!rec_LeadPad = !cir.struct<"LeadPad" {pad !cir.array<!u8i x 8>, data !s32i}>
+
+module attributes {
+  cir.triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+  dlti.dl_spec = #dlti.dl_spec<
+    #dlti.dl_entry<i8, dense<8>: vector<2xi64>>,
+    #dlti.dl_entry<i32, dense<32>: vector<2xi64>>,
+    #dlti.dl_entry<i64, dense<64>: vector<2xi64>>>
+} {
+
+  // HiWord is 16 bytes: a leading ABI-empty byte, then an i64 at offset 8.
+  // The low eightbyte carries no field (NO_CLASS), so the classifier passes
+  // the value in one register taken from byte 8.
+  cir.func @take_hiword(%arg0: !rec_HiWord) -> !s64i {
+    %0 = cir.alloca "h" align(8) : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+    cir.store %arg0, %0 : !rec_HiWord, !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+    %1 = cir.get_member %0[1] {name = "hi"} : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+    %2 = cir.load %1 : !cir.ptr<!s64i>, !s64i
+    cir.return %2 : !s64i
+  }
+
+  // CHECK-LABEL: cir.func{{.*}} @take_hiword(%arg0: !s64i) -> !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[SLOT:.*]] = cir.alloca "coerce" {{.*}} : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   %[[U8:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[SLOT]] : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> 
-> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[OFF:.*]] = cir.const #cir.int<8> : !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[GEP:.*]] = cir.ptr_stride %[[U8]], %[[OFF]] : 
(!cir.ptr<!u8i>, !s64i) -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[CAST:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[GEP]] : !cir.ptr<!u8i> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   cir.store %arg0, %[[CAST]] : !s64i, !cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   %{{.*}} = cir.load %[[SLOT]] : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>, !rec_HiWord
+
+  // The return value is likewise coerced from byte 8 of the local aggregate.
+  cir.func @give_hiword() -> !rec_HiWord {
+    %0 = cir.alloca "h" align(8) : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+    %1 = cir.load %0 : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>, !rec_HiWord
+    cir.return %1 : !rec_HiWord
+  }
+
+  // CHECK-LABEL: cir.func{{.*}} @give_hiword() -> !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[RSLOT:.*]] = cir.alloca "coerce" {{.*}} : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   cir.store %{{.*}}, %[[RSLOT]] : !rec_HiWord, 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   %[[RU8:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[RSLOT]] : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[ROFF:.*]] = cir.const #cir.int<8> : !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[RGEP:.*]] = cir.ptr_stride %[[RU8]], %[[ROFF]] : 
(!cir.ptr<!u8i>, !s64i) -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[RCAST:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[RGEP]] : !cir.ptr<!u8i> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[RVAL:.*]] = cir.load %[[RCAST]] : !cir.ptr<!s64i>, !s64i
+  // CHECK:   cir.return %[[RVAL]] : !s64i
+
+  // The caller reconstructs the aggregate from the callee's i64 result, so
+  // the received register is written back to byte 8 of a slot.
+  cir.func @call_hiword() -> !s64i {
+    %0 = cir.call @give_hiword() : () -> !rec_HiWord
+    %1 = cir.alloca "r" align(8) : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+    cir.store %0, %1 : !rec_HiWord, !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+    %2 = cir.get_member %1[1] {name = "hi"} : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+    %3 = cir.load %2 : !cir.ptr<!s64i>, !s64i
+    cir.return %3 : !s64i
+  }
+
+  // CHECK-LABEL: cir.func{{.*}} @call_hiword() -> !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[CSLOT:.*]] = cir.alloca "coerce" {{.*}} : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   %[[CRET:.*]] = cir.call @give_hiword() : () -> !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[CU8:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[CSLOT]] : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[COFF:.*]] = cir.const #cir.int<8> : !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[CGEP:.*]] = cir.ptr_stride %[[CU8]], %[[COFF]] : 
(!cir.ptr<!u8i>, !s64i) -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[CCAST:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[CGEP]] : !cir.ptr<!u8i> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   cir.store %[[CRET]], %[[CCAST]] : !s64i, !cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   %{{.*}} = cir.load %[[CSLOT]] : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>, 
!rec_HiWord
+
+  // Passing an aggregate argument runs the extraction direction at the call
+  // site: the operand's byte 8 is read out to form the register.
+  cir.func @pass_hiword(%arg0: !rec_HiWord) {
+    %0 = cir.call @take_hiword(%arg0) : (!rec_HiWord) -> !s64i
+    cir.return
+  }
+
+  // CHECK-LABEL: cir.func{{.*}} @pass_hiword(%arg0: !s64i)
+  // CHECK:   %[[PREC:.*]] = cir.load %{{.*}} : !cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>, 
!rec_HiWord
+  // CHECK:   %[[PSLOT:.*]] = cir.alloca "coerce" {{.*}} : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   cir.store %[[PREC]], %[[PSLOT]] : !rec_HiWord, 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord>
+  // CHECK:   %[[PU8:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[PSLOT]] : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_HiWord> -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[POFF:.*]] = cir.const #cir.int<8> : !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[PGEP:.*]] = cir.ptr_stride %[[PU8]], %[[POFF]] : 
(!cir.ptr<!u8i>, !s64i) -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[PCAST:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[PGEP]] : !cir.ptr<!u8i> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s64i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[PVAL:.*]] = cir.load %[[PCAST]] : !cir.ptr<!s64i>, !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %{{.*}} = cir.call @take_hiword(%[[PVAL]]) : (!s64i) -> !s64i
+
+  // The same offset-8 coercion from a leading pad field rather than a nested
+  // empty record.  Only 4 live bytes in the high eightbyte, so i32 not i64.
+  cir.func @take_lead_pad(%arg0: !rec_LeadPad) -> !s32i {
+    %0 = cir.alloca "l" align(4) : !cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad>
+    cir.store %arg0, %0 : !rec_LeadPad, !cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad>
+    %1 = cir.get_member %0[1] {name = "data"} : !cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s32i>
+    %2 = cir.load %1 : !cir.ptr<!s32i>, !s32i
+    cir.return %2 : !s32i
+  }
+
+  // CHECK-LABEL: cir.func{{.*}} @take_lead_pad(%arg0: !s32i) -> !s32i
+  // CHECK:   %[[LSLOT:.*]] = cir.alloca "coerce" {{.*}} : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad>
+  // CHECK:   %[[LU8:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[LSLOT]] : 
!cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad> -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[LOFF:.*]] = cir.const #cir.int<8> : !s64i
+  // CHECK:   %[[LGEP:.*]] = cir.ptr_stride %[[LU8]], %[[LOFF]] : 
(!cir.ptr<!u8i>, !s64i) -> !cir.ptr<!u8i>
+  // CHECK:   %[[LCAST:.*]] = cir.cast bitcast %[[LGEP]] : !cir.ptr<!u8i> -> 
!cir.ptr<!s32i>
+  // CHECK:   cir.store %arg0, %[[LCAST]] : !s32i, !cir.ptr<!s32i>
+  // CHECK:   %{{.*}} = cir.load %[[LSLOT]] : !cir.ptr<!rec_LeadPad>, 
!rec_LeadPad
+}
+
+// LLVM: define i64 @take_hiword(i64 %{{.+}})
+// LLVM: define i64 @give_hiword()
+// LLVM: define i64 @call_hiword()
+// LLVM:   %{{.+}} = call i64 @give_hiword()
+// LLVM: define void @pass_hiword(i64 %{{.+}})
+// LLVM:   %{{.+}} = call i64 @take_hiword(i64 %{{.+}})
+// LLVM: define i32 @take_lead_pad(i32 %{{.+}})
diff --git a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h 
b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
index 8394aeccc75ce..c1c205e42b2e4 100644
--- a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
+++ b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Alignment.h"
 
+#include <cassert>
+
 namespace mlir {
 namespace abi {
 
@@ -75,6 +77,11 @@ struct ArgClassification {
   /// For Indirect: whether the callee gets ownership (byval).
   bool byVal = false;
 
+  /// For Direct with coercion: the byte offset within the original aggregate
+  /// at which the coerced value lives.  Non-zero when the low eightbyte is
+  /// NO_CLASS and the value is carried in a later eightbyte (x86-64 SysV).
+  unsigned directOffset = 0;
+
   /// Whether the value is passed as-is, so a rewriter can leave it alone.
   /// Only an uncoerced Direct qualifies.  Extend counts as needing a rewrite
   /// even though it only adds an attribute, because the attribute changes
@@ -87,13 +94,19 @@ struct ArgClassification {
     return kind == other.kind && coercedType == other.coercedType &&
            indirectAlign == other.indirectAlign &&
            signExtend == other.signExtend && canFlatten == other.canFlatten &&
-           byVal == other.byVal;
+           byVal == other.byVal && directOffset == other.directOffset;
   }
 
-  static ArgClassification getDirect(Type coerced = nullptr) {
+  static ArgClassification getDirect(Type coerced = nullptr,
+                                     unsigned offset = 0) {
+    // isPassThrough reads only coercedType, so an offset with no coerced
+    // type to read at it would be silently ignored.
+    assert((!offset || coerced) &&
+           "a direct offset needs a coerced type to read at it");
     ArgClassification c;
     c.kind = ArgKind::Direct;
     c.coercedType = coerced;
+    c.directOffset = offset;
     return c;
   }
 

>From 697007d9d5bee2b0937953d26d7d1c41c54208d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam Smith <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 15:53:08 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Update
 clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp

Taken verbatim.

Co-authored-by: Erich Keane <[email protected]>
---
 .../Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp  | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git 
a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
index 91efb28625f0f..23db84f67e78f 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ mlir::Value emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
   // Sizes are compared two ways on purpose: relative size in
   // coercionByteSize terms, which is how slotTy was picked, and capacity in
   // getTypeSize terms, which is what the alloca is given.
-  [[maybe_unused]] mlir::Type coercedTy = slotTy == srcTy ? dstTy : srcTy;
+  [[maybe_unused]] mlir::Type coercedTy = ((slotTy == srcTy) ? dstTy : srcTy);
   assert((offset == 0 ||
           coercionByteSize(coercedTy, dl) < coercionByteSize(slotTy, dl)) &&
          "a direct offset must land on the coerced side, the smaller one");

>From cd35d3473613e8293855d4489def57bebf20c0b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam Smith <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 07:16:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] [CIR][NFC] Require the coercion offset to be passed
 explicitly

Assisted-by: Cursor / claude-opus-5
---
 .../CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp |  6 +++---
 .../TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp         | 13 +++++++------
 mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h           |  3 +--
 mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp            | 10 +++++-----
 mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp        |  8 ++++----
 5 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
index 242fda30343a1..e967772802fcf 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
     // an offset cannot take this path.
     if (!offset && !isAggregate && !comparesAgainstCoerce &&
         !coerceIsRegisterTuple && !coerceWidensScalar)
-      return ArgClassification::getDirect(nullptr);
+      return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
     mlir::Type coerced = abiTypeToCIR(coerceAbi, ctx);
     if (!coerced)
       return std::nullopt;
@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
     // Coercing a value to the type it already has would add a memory round
     // trip for nothing.
     if (comparesAgainstCoerce && coerced == origTy)
-      return ArgClassification::getDirect(nullptr);
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(coerced, offset);
+      return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(offset, coerced);
   }
   // An extended value is always read from byte 0 of its own storage, so
   // there is no offset to honor here.
diff --git 
a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
index 23db84f67e78f..b2e6016e14e54 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/TargetLowering/CIRABIRewriteContext.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ mlir::Value emitCoercionToMemory(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
                                  mlir::Block *slotBlock,
                                  const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
                                  SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> 
&createdOps,
-                                 unsigned offset = 0) {
+                                 unsigned offset) {
   mlir::Type srcTy = src.getType();
   assert(srcTy != dstTy &&
          "emitCoercion callers must pre-check that the types differ");
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
                          mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src,
                          mlir::Block *slotBlock, const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
                          SmallPtrSetImpl<mlir::Operation *> &createdOps,
-                         unsigned offset = 0) {
+                         unsigned offset) {
   mlir::Value dstSlot = emitCoercionToMemory(builder, loc, dstTy, src,
                                              slotBlock, dl, createdOps, 
offset);
   auto load = cir::LoadOp::create(builder, loc, dstSlot);
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, 
mlir::Location loc,
 mlir::Value emitCoercion(mlir::OpBuilder &builder, mlir::Location loc,
                          mlir::Type dstTy, mlir::Value src,
                          mlir::Block *slotBlock, const mlir::DataLayout &dl,
-                         unsigned offset = 0) {
+                         unsigned offset) {
   SmallPtrSet<mlir::Operation *, 4> ignored;
   return emitCoercion(builder, loc, dstTy, src, slotBlock, dl, ignored, 
offset);
 }
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ void insertArgCoercion(mlir::FunctionOpInterface funcOp,
                "each field is read from slot offset 0 here, so a flattened "
                "coercion cannot honor a direct offset");
         finalVal = emitCoercion(builder, loc, origTy, flatLoaded, &entry, dl,
-                                coercionOps);
+                                coercionOps, /*offset=*/0);
         flattenOps.insert(coercionOps.begin(), coercionOps.end());
       }
 
@@ -1270,8 +1270,9 @@ CIRABIRewriteContext::rewriteCallSite(mlir::Operation 
*callOp,
         assert(!ac.directOffset &&
                "each field is read from slot offset 0 here, so a flattened "
                "coercion cannot honor a direct offset");
-        mlir::Value coercedPtr = emitCoercionToMemory(
-            builder, call.getLoc(), flatTy, arg, slotBlock, dl, coercionOps);
+        mlir::Value coercedPtr =
+            emitCoercionToMemory(builder, call.getLoc(), flatTy, arg, 
slotBlock,
+                                 dl, coercionOps, /*offset=*/0);
         for (auto [f, fieldTy] : llvm::enumerate(flatTy.getMembers())) {
           mlir::Type fieldPtrTy = cir::PointerType::get(fieldTy);
           auto fieldPtr =
diff --git a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h 
b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
index c1c205e42b2e4..0004bb77b6801 100644
--- a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
+++ b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ struct ArgClassification {
            byVal == other.byVal && directOffset == other.directOffset;
   }
 
-  static ArgClassification getDirect(Type coerced = nullptr,
-                                     unsigned offset = 0) {
+  static ArgClassification getDirect(unsigned offset, Type coerced = nullptr) {
     // isPassThrough reads only coercedType, so an offset with no coerced
     // type to read at it would be silently ignored.
     assert((!offset || coerced) &&
diff --git a/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp 
b/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
index 0cfdb2eb3fdb0..66a6a29bd3e6f 100644
--- a/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
       Type i32Ty = IntegerType::get(type.getContext(), ExtendBelowBits);
       return ArgClassification::getExtend(i32Ty, /*signExt=*/intTy.isSigned());
     }
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
   }
 
   if (auto indexTy = dyn_cast<IndexType>(type)) {
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
       Type i32Ty = IntegerType::get(type.getContext(), ExtendBelowBits);
       return ArgClassification::getExtend(i32Ty, /*signExt=*/true);
     }
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
   }
 
   if (isa<FloatType, VectorType, MemRefType>(type))
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
 
   // For dialect-specific types: query DataLayout via
   // DataLayoutTypeInterface.  Types that don't implement the interface
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
 
   uint64_t sizeInBytes = (sizeInBits.getFixedValue() + 7) / 8;
   if (sizeInBytes <= IndirectCutoffBytes)
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
 
   uint64_t alignBytes = dl.getTypeABIAlignment(type);
   return ArgClassification::getIndirect(llvm::Align(alignBytes),
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ parseOne(DictionaryAttr argDict, 
function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError) {
     Type coerced;
     if (auto t = argDict.getAs<TypeAttr>("coerced_type"))
       coerced = t.getValue();
-    auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(coerced);
+    auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0, coerced);
     if (auto cf = argDict.getAs<BoolAttr>("can_flatten"))
       c.canFlatten = cf.getValue();
     return c;
diff --git a/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp 
b/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
index 59a5307225e0d..e76c5f3821528 100644
--- a/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
+++ b/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, MockCanBeConstructedAndDestroyed) 
{
 }
 
 TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationDirect) {
-  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect();
+  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
   EXPECT_EQ(c.kind, ArgKind::Direct);
   EXPECT_EQ(c.coercedType, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(c.canFlatten);
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationDirect) {
 TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationDirectWithType) {
   MLIRContext mlirCtx;
   auto i32 = IntegerType::get(&mlirCtx, 32);
-  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(i32);
+  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0, i32);
   EXPECT_EQ(c.kind, ArgKind::Direct);
   EXPECT_EQ(c.coercedType, i32);
 }
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationExtend) {
 
 TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, FunctionClassificationHoldsReturnAndArgs) {
   FunctionClassification fc;
-  fc.returnInfo = ArgClassification::getDirect();
-  fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getDirect());
+  fc.returnInfo = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+  fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0));
   fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getIndirect(llvm::Align(8), true));
   fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getIgnore());
 

>From bbf7c29d6dc00f12baee4c31753d445766080630 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam Smith <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 07:16:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] [CIR] Enable callconv lowering in the x86_64 C++ argument
 test

Two cases here hit the coercion NYI this branch removes.  The pass now
runs on the file.

The `LLVM` lines for those two stopped at the open paren and passed whatever
the pass did with the argument.  Both prefixes now pin the coerced parameter
and the byte-8 access.

Assisted-by: Cursor / claude-opus-5
---
 .../test/CIR/CodeGenCXX/x86_64-arguments.cpp  | 26 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/test/CIR/CodeGenCXX/x86_64-arguments.cpp 
b/clang/test/CIR/CodeGenCXX/x86_64-arguments.cpp
index 7270c36df7df6..acd6eb6a5264c 100644
--- a/clang/test/CIR/CodeGenCXX/x86_64-arguments.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/CIR/CodeGenCXX/x86_64-arguments.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-// TODO(cir): drop -fno-clangir-call-conv-lowering once CallConvLowering
-// supports parameters of an empty or tag class and padded, packed, and
-// over-aligned record shapes.
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -no-enable-noundef-analysis -triple x86_64-unknown-unknown 
-fclangir -fno-clangir-call-conv-lowering -emit-cir %s -o %t.cir
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -no-enable-noundef-analysis -triple x86_64-unknown-unknown 
-fclangir -emit-cir %s -o %t.cir
 // RUN: FileCheck --check-prefix=CIR --input-file=%t.cir %s
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -no-enable-noundef-analysis -triple x86_64-unknown-unknown 
-fclangir -fno-clangir-call-conv-lowering -emit-llvm %s -o %t-cir.ll
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -no-enable-noundef-analysis -triple x86_64-unknown-unknown 
-fclangir -emit-llvm %s -o %t-cir.ll
 // RUN: FileCheck --check-prefix=LLVM --input-file=%t-cir.ll %s
 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -no-enable-noundef-analysis -triple x86_64-unknown-unknown 
-emit-llvm %s -o %t.ll
 // RUN: FileCheck --check-prefix=OGCG --input-file=%t.ll %s
@@ -44,9 +41,17 @@ struct s3_0 {};
 struct s3_1 { struct s3_0 a; long b; };
 void f3(struct s3_1 x) {}
 
+// The empty member owns eightbyte 0, so the live long is the second eightbyte
+// and the coercion starts at byte 8.
 // CIR-LABEL: cir.func {{.*}} @_Z2f34s3_1
-// LLVM-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z2f34s3_1(
+// LLVM-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z2f34s3_1(i64 %{{[^,)]+}})
+// LLVM:         %[[SLOT:.+]] = alloca %struct.s3_1, align 8
+// LLVM:         %[[HI:.+]] = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %[[SLOT]], 
i64 8
+// LLVM:         store i64 %{{.+}}, ptr %[[HI]], align 8
 // OGCG-LABEL: define {{.*}} void @_Z2f34s3_1(i64 %x.coerce)
+// OGCG:        %[[SLOT:.+]] = alloca %struct.s3_1, align 8
+// OGCG:        %[[HI:.+]] = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %[[SLOT]], 
i64 8
+// OGCG:        store i64 %x.coerce, ptr %[[HI]], align 8
 
 // Member data pointer and member function pointer.
 struct s4 {};
@@ -121,9 +126,16 @@ namespace PR5179 {
   const void *bar(B2 b2) { return b2.b1.pa; }
 }
 
+// The empty base owns eightbyte 0, so the pointer is read from byte 8.
 // CIR-LABEL: cir.func {{.*}} @_ZN6PR51793barENS_2B2E
-// LLVM-LABEL: define {{.*}} @_ZN6PR51793barENS_2B2E(
+// LLVM-LABEL: define {{.*}} ptr @_ZN6PR51793barENS_2B2E(ptr %{{[^,)]+}})
+// LLVM:         %[[SLOT:.+]] = alloca %"struct.PR5179::B2", align 8
+// LLVM:         %[[PA:.+]] = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %[[SLOT]], 
i64 8
+// LLVM:         store ptr %{{.+}}, ptr %[[PA]], align 8
 // OGCG-LABEL: define {{.*}} ptr @_ZN6PR51793barENS_2B2E(ptr %b2.coerce)
+// OGCG:        %[[SLOT:.+]] = alloca %"struct.PR5179::B2", align 8
+// OGCG:        %[[PA:.+]] = getelementptr{{( inbounds)?}} i8, ptr %[[SLOT]], 
i64 8
+// OGCG:        store ptr %b2.coerce, ptr %[[PA]], align 8
 
 namespace test5 {
   struct Xbase { };

>From ba2faf1b07cc5fe836f99fb5fab9c7cd75ef173b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam Smith <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 08:15:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] [CIR][NFC] Overload getDirect instead of defaulting its
 arguments

Assisted-by: Cursor / claude-opus-5
---
 clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp | 4 ++--
 mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h                 | 6 +++++-
 mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp                  | 8 ++++----
 mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp              | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp 
b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
index e967772802fcf..c1ebd17e1e6f0 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CIR/Dialect/Transforms/CallConvLoweringPass.cpp
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
     // an offset cannot take this path.
     if (!offset && !isAggregate && !comparesAgainstCoerce &&
         !coerceIsRegisterTuple && !coerceWidensScalar)
-      return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+      return ArgClassification::getDirect();
     mlir::Type coerced = abiTypeToCIR(coerceAbi, ctx);
     if (!coerced)
       return std::nullopt;
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ convertABIArgInfo(const llvm::abi::ArgInfo &info, 
MLIRContext *ctx,
     // Coercing a value to the type it already has would add a memory round
     // trip for nothing.
     if (comparesAgainstCoerce && coerced == origTy)
-      return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+      return ArgClassification::getDirect();
     return ArgClassification::getDirect(offset, coerced);
   }
   // An extended value is always read from byte 0 of its own storage, so
diff --git a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h 
b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
index 0004bb77b6801..430ebe94bc5b6 100644
--- a/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
+++ b/mlir/include/mlir/ABI/ABIRewriteContext.h
@@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ struct ArgClassification {
            byVal == other.byVal && directOffset == other.directOffset;
   }
 
-  static ArgClassification getDirect(unsigned offset, Type coerced = nullptr) {
+  static ArgClassification getDirect() {
+    return getDirect(/*offset=*/0, /*coerced=*/nullptr);
+  }
+
+  static ArgClassification getDirect(unsigned offset, Type coerced) {
     // isPassThrough reads only coercedType, so an offset with no coerced
     // type to read at it would be silently ignored.
     assert((!offset || coerced) &&
diff --git a/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp 
b/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
index 66a6a29bd3e6f..f36595ae52bb4 100644
--- a/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/ABI/Targets/Test/TestTarget.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
       Type i32Ty = IntegerType::get(type.getContext(), ExtendBelowBits);
       return ArgClassification::getExtend(i32Ty, /*signExt=*/intTy.isSigned());
     }
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
   }
 
   if (auto indexTy = dyn_cast<IndexType>(type)) {
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
       Type i32Ty = IntegerType::get(type.getContext(), ExtendBelowBits);
       return ArgClassification::getExtend(i32Ty, /*signExt=*/true);
     }
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
   }
 
   if (isa<FloatType, VectorType, MemRefType>(type))
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
 
   // For dialect-specific types: query DataLayout via
   // DataLayoutTypeInterface.  Types that don't implement the interface
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ ArgClassification classifyOne(Type type, const DataLayout 
&dl) {
 
   uint64_t sizeInBytes = (sizeInBits.getFixedValue() + 7) / 8;
   if (sizeInBytes <= IndirectCutoffBytes)
-    return ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+    return ArgClassification::getDirect();
 
   uint64_t alignBytes = dl.getTypeABIAlignment(type);
   return ArgClassification::getIndirect(llvm::Align(alignBytes),
diff --git a/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp 
b/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
index e76c5f3821528..79c9124206562 100644
--- a/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
+++ b/mlir/unittests/ABI/ABIRewriteContextTest.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, MockCanBeConstructedAndDestroyed) 
{
 }
 
 TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationDirect) {
-  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
+  auto c = ArgClassification::getDirect();
   EXPECT_EQ(c.kind, ArgKind::Direct);
   EXPECT_EQ(c.coercedType, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(c.canFlatten);
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, ArgClassificationExtend) {
 
 TEST(ABIRewriteContextTest, FunctionClassificationHoldsReturnAndArgs) {
   FunctionClassification fc;
-  fc.returnInfo = ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0);
-  fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getDirect(/*offset=*/0));
+  fc.returnInfo = ArgClassification::getDirect();
+  fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getDirect());
   fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getIndirect(llvm::Align(8), true));
   fc.argInfos.push_back(ArgClassification::getIgnore());
 

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