> Omitting your detailed comments on trains, and how to distinguish hooks
> from forks, let me interject that valence is an entirely orthogonal
> matter.  Any verb train may be put into either monadic or dyadic
> contexts, and figuring out what sort of verb train you have in hand does
> nothing to resolve valence.

x (v4 v3 v2 v1) y
(a hook) will be executed as

x v4 ((v3 y) v2 (v1 y))
=======================
not as
x v4 ((x v3 3) v2 (x v1 y))
or anything else,
while

x (v5 v4 v3 v2 v1) y
(a fork) will be executed as

(x v5 y) v4 (x v3 y) v2 (x v1 y)
================================

so the two concepts are not orthogonal. The addition of v5 changes the valence
of many verbs in the train.

Best regards
  Bruno Daniel
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