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garydgregory pushed a commit to branch master
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commit f13557365043f1cb6aaa3a3e71f0d326fe934a9c
Author: Gary Gregory <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Fri Oct 30 07:22:05 2026 -0400

    Clean up comments for spelling, grammar, and readability
    
    Paragraph tags on their own lines.
---
 src/changes/changes.xml                            |  1 +
 src/examples/ClassDumper.java                      |  2 +-
 src/examples/Mini/ASTExpr.java                     |  2 +-
 src/examples/Mini/ASTFunDecl.java                  |  2 +-
 src/examples/Mini/ASTIfExpr.java                   |  6 ++--
 src/examples/Mini/Variable.java                    |  2 +-
 src/examples/Package.java                          | 10 +++----
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/JavaClass.java  |  2 +-
 .../apache/bcel/generic/AnnotationEntryGen.java    |  4 +--
 .../org/apache/bcel/generic/BranchInstruction.java |  2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldGen.java     |  2 +-
 src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/ICONST.java  |  2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/generic/MethodGen.java    |  6 ++--
 src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/Select.java  |  2 +-
 .../bcel/verifier/statics/Pass1Verifier.java       |  2 +-
 .../bcel/verifier/statics/Pass2Verifier.java       | 32 +++++++++++-----------
 .../bcel/verifier/statics/Pass3aVerifier.java      | 32 +++++++++++-----------
 .../verifier/structurals/ControlFlowGraph.java     |  2 +-
 .../structurals/InstConstraintVisitor.java         | 26 +++++++++---------
 .../bcel/verifier/structurals/LocalVariables.java  |  8 +++---
 .../bcel/verifier/structurals/OperandStack.java    |  6 ++--
 .../bcel/verifier/structurals/Pass3bVerifier.java  |  4 +--
 .../bcel/verifier/structurals/Subroutines.java     |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/bcel/AnnotationAccessFlagTest.java  |  4 +--
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/ElementValueGenTest.java  | 20 +++++++-------
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/EnumAccessFlagTest.java   |  4 +--
 .../java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/RecordTest.java |  6 ++--
 .../org/apache/bcel/classfile/UtilityTest.java     |  2 +-
 .../apache/bcel/generic/FieldAnnotationsTest.java  |  6 ++--
 .../generic/GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest.java    |  2 +-
 .../apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierInvokeTest.java   | 12 ++++----
 .../apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierReturnTest.java   | 12 ++++----
 .../apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierThrowTest.java    |  2 +-
 .../apache/bcel/verifier/VerifyBadClassesTest.java |  2 +-
 34 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/changes/changes.xml b/src/changes/changes.xml
index d8f65537..9c0e4611 100644
--- a/src/changes/changes.xml
+++ b/src/changes/changes.xml
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ The <action> type attribute can be add,update,fix,remove.
       <action issue="BCEL-379" type="fix" dev="ggregory" due-to="Gary Gregory, 
Aryan Ganjoo">BCELifier emits boolean literals for boolean ConstantValue fields 
so generated creator classes run. FieldGen preserves explicit false initial 
values (#536).</action>
       <action                  type="fix" dev="ggregory" due-to="Gary 
Gregory">Update ECJ versions and generate the SWAP fixture with BCEL 
(#537).</action>
       <action                  type="fix" dev="ggregory" due-to="Mohd 
Irshad">Fix typo 'preceeding' in ConstantPool exception message (#541).</action>
+      <action                  type="fix" dev="ggregory" due-to="Gary 
Gregory">Clean up comments for spelling, grammar, and readability.</action>
       <!-- ADD -->
       <action                  type="add" dev="ggregory" due-to="Gary 
Gregory">Add and use ClassFormatException.ClassFormatException(String, 
Object...).</action>
       <action                  type="add" dev="ggregory" due-to="Nicolas 
Baumann, Gary Gregory">Add support for the RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations and 
RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations attributes.</action>
diff --git a/src/examples/ClassDumper.java b/src/examples/ClassDumper.java
index 53a9f647..18c84ed2 100644
--- a/src/examples/ClassDumper.java
+++ b/src/examples/ClassDumper.java
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ final class DumpClass {
 
     public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
         if (args.length != 1) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Require file name as only 
argument");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("A file name is required as the 
only argument");
         }
         try (FileImageInputStream file = new FileImageInputStream(new 
File(args[0]))) {
             new ClassDumper(file, args[0]).dump();
diff --git a/src/examples/Mini/ASTExpr.java b/src/examples/Mini/ASTExpr.java
index 73f55425..24f89ab6 100644
--- a/src/examples/Mini/ASTExpr.java
+++ b/src/examples/Mini/ASTExpr.java
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public class ASTExpr extends SimpleNode implements 
MiniParserConstants, MiniPars
 
             if (t != childType) {
                 MiniC.addError(expr.getLine(), expr.getColumn(),
-                        "Expression has not expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(childType) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(t) + ".");
+                        "Expression does not have the expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(childType) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(t) + ".");
             }
 
             is_simple = is_simple && expr.isSimple();
diff --git a/src/examples/Mini/ASTFunDecl.java 
b/src/examples/Mini/ASTFunDecl.java
index 8519698c..2826caa5 100644
--- a/src/examples/Mini/ASTFunDecl.java
+++ b/src/examples/Mini/ASTFunDecl.java
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ public class ASTFunDecl extends SimpleNode implements 
MiniParserTreeConstants {
 
         if (expected != Const.T_UNKNOWN && type != expected) {
             MiniC.addError(line, column,
-                    "Function f ist not of type " + 
Const.getTypeName(expected) + " as previously assumed, but " + 
Const.getTypeName(type));
+                    "Function f is not of type " + Const.getTypeName(expected) 
+ " as previously assumed, but " + Const.getTypeName(type));
         }
 
         name.setType(type);
diff --git a/src/examples/Mini/ASTIfExpr.java b/src/examples/Mini/ASTIfExpr.java
index 38cb951f..3df06ee9 100644
--- a/src/examples/Mini/ASTIfExpr.java
+++ b/src/examples/Mini/ASTIfExpr.java
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class ASTIfExpr extends ASTExpr {
 
         if (expected != Const.T_UNKNOWN && thenType != expected) {
             MiniC.addError(then_expr.getLine(), then_expr.getColumn(),
-                    "THEN expression is not of expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(expected) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(thenType) + ".");
+                    "THEN expression is not of the expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(expected) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(thenType) + ".");
         }
 
         if (else_expr != null) {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public class ASTIfExpr extends ASTExpr {
 
             if (expected != Const.T_UNKNOWN && elseType != expected) {
                 MiniC.addError(else_expr.getLine(), else_expr.getColumn(),
-                        "ELSE expression is not of expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(expected) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(elseType) + ".");
+                        "ELSE expression is not of the expected type " + 
Const.getTypeName(expected) + " but " + Const.getTypeName(elseType) + ".");
             } else if (thenType == Const.T_UNKNOWN) {
                 thenType = elseType;
                 then_expr.setType(elseType);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public class ASTIfExpr extends ASTExpr {
         }
 
         if (thenType != elseType) {
-            MiniC.addError(line, column, "Type mismatch in THEN-ELSE: " + 
Const.getTypeName(thenType) + " vs. " + Const.getTypeName(elseType) + ".");
+            MiniC.addError(line, column, "Type mismatch in THEN-ELSE: " + 
Const.getTypeName(thenType) + " versus " + Const.getTypeName(elseType) + ".");
         }
 
         type = thenType;
diff --git a/src/examples/Mini/Variable.java b/src/examples/Mini/Variable.java
index 4a530443..98f5892a 100644
--- a/src/examples/Mini/Variable.java
+++ b/src/examples/Mini/Variable.java
@@ -80,6 +80,6 @@ public class Variable implements EnvEntry {
         if (!reserved) {
             return var_name + " declared at line " + line + ", column " + 
column;
         }
-        return var_name + " <reserved key word>";
+        return var_name + " <reserved keyword>";
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/examples/Package.java b/src/examples/Package.java
index ef009b82..af8e9eac 100644
--- a/src/examples/Package.java
+++ b/src/examples/Package.java
@@ -259,17 +259,17 @@ public class Package {
     public void usage() {
         System.out.println(" This program packages classes and all their 
dependents");
         System.out.println(" into one jar. Give all starting classes (your 
main)");
-        System.out.println(" on the command line. Use / as separator, the 
.class is");
-        System.out.println(" optional. We use the environments CLASSPATH to 
resolve");
-        System.out.println(" classes. Anything but java.* packages are 
packaged.");
+        System.out.println(" on the command line. Use / as the separator; the 
.class extension is");
+        System.out.println(" optional. We use the CLASSPATH environment 
variable to resolve");
+        System.out.println(" classes. All classes except those in java.* 
packages are packaged.");
         System.out.println(" If you use Class.forName (or similar), be sure 
to");
         System.out.println(" include the classes that you load dynamically on 
the");
         System.out.println(" command line.\n");
         System.out.println(" These options are recognized:");
         System.out.println(" -e -error  Show errors, meaning classes that 
could not ");
-        System.out.println("   resolved + the classes that referenced them.");
+        System.out.println("   be resolved, plus the classes that referenced 
them.");
         System.out.println(" -l -log  Show classes as they are processed. This 
will");
-        System.out.println("   include doubles, java classes and is difficult 
to");
+        System.out.println("   include duplicates and Java classes and may be 
difficult to");
         System.out.println("   read. I use it as a sort of progress monitor");
         System.out.println(" -s -show  Prints all the classes that were 
packaged");
         System.out.println("   in alphabetical order, which is ordered by 
package");
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/JavaClass.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/JavaClass.java
index 825496a2..94f1e566 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/JavaClass.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/JavaClass.java
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ public class JavaClass extends AccessFlags implements 
Cloneable, Node, Comparabl
      */
     public boolean implementationOf(final JavaClass inter) throws 
ClassNotFoundException {
         if (!inter.isInterface()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(inter.getClassName() + " is no 
interface");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(inter.getClassName() + " is not 
an interface");
         }
         if (equals(inter)) {
             return true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/AnnotationEntryGen.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/AnnotationEntryGen.java
index 560d90f0..94de96ca 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/AnnotationEntryGen.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/AnnotationEntryGen.java
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public class AnnotationEntryGen {
 
             return newAttributes.toArray(Attribute.EMPTY_ARRAY);
         } catch (final IOException e) {
-            System.err.println("IOException whilst processing annotations");
+            System.err.println("IOException while processing annotations");
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return null;
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ public class AnnotationEntryGen {
             }
             return newAttributes.toArray(Attribute.EMPTY_ARRAY);
         } catch (final IOException e) {
-            System.err.println("IOException whilst processing parameter 
annotations");
+            System.err.println("IOException while processing parameter 
annotations");
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return null;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/BranchInstruction.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/BranchInstruction.java
index 916b1ac4..204a8cf6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/BranchInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/BranchInstruction.java
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public abstract class BranchInstruction extends Instruction 
implements Instructi
      */
     protected int getTargetOffset(final InstructionHandle target) {
         if (target == null) {
-            throw new ClassGenException("Target of " + super.toString(true) + 
" is invalid null handle");
+            throw new ClassGenException("Target of " + super.toString(true) + 
" is an invalid null handle");
         }
         final int t = target.getPosition();
         if (t < 0) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldGen.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldGen.java
index 3a3f73e3..c59ebdae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldGen.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldGen.java
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public class FieldGen extends FieldGenOrMethodGen {
             throw new ClassGenException("Only final fields may have an initial 
value.");
         }
         if (!superType.equals(atype)) {
-            throw new ClassGenException("Types are not compatible: " + 
superType + " vs. " + atype);
+            throw new ClassGenException("Types are not compatible: " + 
superType + " versus " + atype);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/ICONST.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/ICONST.java
index ba739805..45e143c1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/ICONST.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/ICONST.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class ICONST extends Instruction implements 
ConstantPushInstruction {
     public ICONST(final int i) {
         super(org.apache.bcel.Const.ICONST_0, (short) 1);
         if (i < -1 || i > 5) {
-            throw new ClassGenException("ICONST can be used only for value 
between -1 and 5: " + i);
+            throw new ClassGenException("ICONST can be used only for values 
between -1 and 5: " + i);
         }
         super.setOpcode((short) (org.apache.bcel.Const.ICONST_0 + i)); // Even 
works for i == -1
         value = i;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/MethodGen.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/MethodGen.java
index c7bc6237..0e0e4aeb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/MethodGen.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/MethodGen.java
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public class MethodGen extends FieldGenOrMethodGen {
             }
             if (argNames != null) { // Names for variables provided?
                 if (size != argNames.length) {
-                    throw new ClassGenException("Mismatch in argument array 
lengths: " + size + " vs. " + argNames.length);
+                    throw new ClassGenException("Mismatch in argument array 
lengths: " + size + " versus " + argNames.length);
                 }
             } else { // Give them dummy names
                 argNames = new String[size];
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ public class MethodGen extends FieldGenOrMethodGen {
     public CodeExceptionGen addExceptionHandler(final InstructionHandle 
startPc, final InstructionHandle endPc, final InstructionHandle handlerPc,
         final ObjectType catchType) {
         if (startPc == null || endPc == null || handlerPc == null) {
-            throw new ClassGenException("Exception handler target is null 
instruction");
+            throw new ClassGenException("Exception handler target is a null 
instruction");
         }
         final CodeExceptionGen c = new CodeExceptionGen(startPc, endPc, 
handlerPc, catchType);
         exceptionList.add(c);
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ public class MethodGen extends FieldGenOrMethodGen {
             }
             return l;
         }
-        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not use " + type + " as type 
for local variable");
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot use " + type + " as the 
type of a local variable");
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/Select.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/Select.java
index 0a20baa4..ba608c94 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/Select.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/Select.java
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public abstract class Select extends BranchInstruction 
implements VariableLength
             notifyTarget(null, target2, this);
         }
         if ((match_length = match.length) != targets.length) {
-            throw new ClassGenException("Match and target array have not the 
same length: Match length: " + match.length + " Target length: " + 
targets.length);
+            throw new ClassGenException("Match and target arrays do not have 
the same length: Match length: " + match.length + " Target length: " + 
targets.length);
         }
         indices = new int[match_length];
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass1Verifier.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass1Verifier.java
index 37e1ff0c..238938fe 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass1Verifier.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass1Verifier.java
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public final class Pass1Verifier extends PassVerifier {
         } catch (final RuntimeException e) {
             // BCEL does not catch every possible RuntimeException; for 
example if
             // a constant pool index is referenced that does not exist.
-            return new 
VerificationResult(VerificationResult.VERIFIED_REJECTED, "Parsing via BCEL did 
not succeed.  exception occurred:\n" + e.toString());
+            return new 
VerificationResult(VerificationResult.VERIFIED_REJECTED, "Parsing via BCEL did 
not succeed. An exception occurred:\n" + e.toString());
             // Don't think we want to dump a stack trace unless we have some 
sort of a debug option.
             // e.getClass().getName()+" occurred:\n"+Utility.getStackTrace(e));
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass2Verifier.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass2Verifier.java
index 791c3bb9..de6e9d75 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass2Verifier.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass2Verifier.java
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
                             if (vr != VerificationResult.VR_OK) {
                                 throw new ClassConstraintException("Code 
attribute '" + tostring(obj) + "' (method '" + m + "') has an exception_table 
entry '"
                                         + tostring(element) + "' that 
references '" + cname + "' as an Exception but '" + e.getSuperclassName()
-                                        + "' in the ancestor hierachy does not 
pass verification pass 1: " + vr);
+                                        + "' in the ancestor hierarchy does 
not pass verification pass 1: " + vr);
                             }
                             e = Repository.lookupClass(e.getSuperclassName());
                         }
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
                         vr = v.doPass1();
                         if (vr != VerificationResult.VR_OK) {
                             throw new ClassConstraintException("Exceptions 
attribute '" + tostring(obj) + "' references '" + cname + "' as an Exception 
but '"
-                                + e.getSuperclassName() + "' in the ancestor 
hierachy does not pass verification pass 1: " + vr);
+                                + e.getSuperclassName() + "' in the ancestor 
hierarchy does not pass verification pass 1: " + vr);
                         }
                         e = Repository.lookupClass(e.getSuperclassName());
                     }
@@ -583,12 +583,12 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
                 }
                 if (maxone > 1) {
                     throw new ClassConstraintException(
-                        "Field '" + tostring(obj) + "' must only have at most 
one of its ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_PROTECTED, ACC_PUBLIC modifiers set.");
+                        "Field '" + tostring(obj) + "' must have at most one 
of its ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_PROTECTED, ACC_PUBLIC modifiers set.");
                 }
 
                 if (obj.isFinal() && obj.isVolatile()) {
                     throw new ClassConstraintException(
-                        "Field '" + tostring(obj) + "' must only have at most 
one of its ACC_FINAL, ACC_VOLATILE modifiers set.");
+                        "Field '" + tostring(obj) + "' must have at most one 
of its ACC_FINAL, ACC_VOLATILE modifiers set.");
                 }
             } else { // isInterface!
                 if (!obj.isPublic()) {
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
 
             final String name = obj.getName();
             if (!validFieldName(name)) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("Field '" + tostring(obj) + 
"' has illegal name '" + obj.getName() + "'.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("Field '" + tostring(obj) + 
"' has an illegal name '" + obj.getName() + "'.");
             }
 
             // A descriptor is often named signature in BCEL
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
 
             final String nameanddesc = name + sig;
             if (fieldNamesAndDesc.contains(nameanddesc)) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("No two fields (like '" + 
tostring(obj) + "') are allowed have same names and descriptors.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("No two fields (like '" + 
tostring(obj) + "') are allowed to have the same name and descriptor.");
             }
             if (fieldNames.contains(name)) {
                 addMessage("More than one field of name '" + name + "' 
detected (but with different type descriptors). This is very unusual.");
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
 
             final String name = obj.getName();
             if (!validMethodName(name, true)) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("Method '" + tostring(obj) 
+ "' has illegal name '" + name + "'.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("Method '" + tostring(obj) 
+ "' has an illegal name '" + name + "'.");
             }
 
             // A descriptor is often named signature in BCEL
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
             // Nearly forgot this! Funny return values are allowed, but a 
non-empty arguments list makes a different method out of
             // it!
             if (name.equals(Const.STATIC_INITIALIZER_NAME) && ts.length != 0) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("Method '" + tostring(obj) 
+ "' has illegal name '" + name + "'."
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("Method '" + tostring(obj) 
+ "' has an illegal name '" + name + "'."
                     + " Its name resembles the class or interface 
initialization method which it isn't because of its arguments (==descriptor).");
             }
 
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
                 }
                 if (maxone > 1) {
                     throw new ClassConstraintException(
-                        "Method '" + tostring(obj) + "' must only have at most 
one of its ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_PROTECTED, ACC_PUBLIC modifiers set.");
+                        "Method '" + tostring(obj) + "' must have at most one 
of its ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_PROTECTED, ACC_PUBLIC modifiers set.");
                 }
 
                 if (obj.isAbstract()) {
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
 
             final String nameanddesc = name + sig;
             if (methodNamesAndDesc.contains(nameanddesc)) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("No two methods (like '" + 
tostring(obj) + "') are allowed have same names and desciptors.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("No two methods (like '" + 
tostring(obj) + "') are allowed to have the same name and descriptor.");
             }
             methodNamesAndDesc.add(nameanddesc);
 
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
         @Override
         public void visitConstantFieldref(final ConstantFieldref obj) {
             if (obj.getTag() != Const.CONSTANT_Fieldref) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantFieldref '" + 
tostring(obj) + "' has wrong tag.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantFieldref '" + 
tostring(obj) + "' has the wrong tag.");
             }
             final int nameAndTypeIndex = obj.getNameAndTypeIndex();
             final ConstantNameAndType cnat = (ConstantNameAndType) 
cp.getConstant(nameAndTypeIndex);
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
         @Override
         public void visitConstantInterfaceMethodref(final 
ConstantInterfaceMethodref obj) {
             if (obj.getTag() != Const.CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantInterfaceMethodref 
'" + tostring(obj) + "' has wrong tag.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantInterfaceMethodref 
'" + tostring(obj) + "' has the wrong tag.");
             }
             final int nameAndTypeIndex = obj.getNameAndTypeIndex();
             final ConstantNameAndType cnat = (ConstantNameAndType) 
cp.getConstant(nameAndTypeIndex);
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
         @Override
         public void visitConstantMethodref(final ConstantMethodref obj) {
             if (obj.getTag() != Const.CONSTANT_Methodref) {
-                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantMethodref '" + 
tostring(obj) + "' has wrong tag.");
+                throw new ClassConstraintException("ConstantMethodref '" + 
tostring(obj) + "' has the wrong tag.");
             }
             final int nameAndTypeIndex = obj.getNameAndTypeIndex();
             final ConstantNameAndType cnat = (ConstantNameAndType) 
cp.getConstant(nameAndTypeIndex);
@@ -1432,11 +1432,11 @@ public final class Pass2Verifier extends PassVerifier 
implements Constants {
                     if (map.containsKey(nameAndSig) && method.isFinal()) {
                         if (!method.isPrivate()) {
                             throw new ClassConstraintException("Method '" + 
nameAndSig + "' in class '" + map.get(nameAndSig)
-                                + "' overrides the final (not-overridable) 
definition in class '" + jc.getClassName() + "'.");
+                                + "' overrides the final (non-overridable) 
definition in class '" + jc.getClassName() + "'.");
                         }
                         addMessage("Method '" + nameAndSig + "' in class '" + 
map.get(nameAndSig)
-                            + "' overrides the final (not-overridable) 
definition in class '" + jc.getClassName()
-                            + "'. This is okay, as the original definition was 
private; however this constraint leverage"
+                            + "' overrides the final (non-overridable) 
definition in class '" + jc.getClassName()
+                            + "'. This is okay, as the original definition was 
private; however, this relaxation of the constraint"
                             + " was introduced by JLS 8.4.6 (not vmspec2) and 
the behavior of the Sun verifiers.");
                     } else if (!method.isStatic()) { // static methods don't 
inherit
                         map.put(nameAndSig, jc.getClassName());
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass3aVerifier.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass3aVerifier.java
index 3489eb73..946a4f28 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass3aVerifier.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/statics/Pass3aVerifier.java
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             final int idx = o.getIndex();
             if (idx < 0) {
                 constraintViolated(o, "Index '" + idx + "' must be 
non-negative."
-                    + " [Constraint by JustIce as an analogon to the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
+                    + " [Constraint imposed by JustIce by analogy with the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
             } else {
                 final int maxminus2 = maxLocals() - 2;
                 if (idx > maxminus2) {
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             final int idx = o.getIndex();
             if (idx < 0) {
                 constraintViolated(o, "Index '" + idx + "' must be 
non-negative."
-                    + " [Constraint by JustIce as an analogon to the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
+                    + " [Constraint imposed by JustIce by analogy with the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
             } else {
                 final int maxminus2 = maxLocals() - 2;
                 if (idx > maxminus2) {
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
                 // FIXME: maybe not the best way to handle this
                 // throw new AssertionViolatedException("Missing class: " + e, 
e);
-                addMessage("Unable to verify INVOKEVITUAL as cannot load 
target class: " + e.getCause());
+                addMessage("Unable to verify INVOKEVIRTUAL because the target 
class cannot be loaded: " + e.getCause());
             }
         }
 
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             try {
                 indexValid(o, o.getIndex() + 1);
             } catch (final StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException e) {
-                throw new AssertionViolatedException("Does not BCEL handle 
that? LDC2_W operand has a problem.", e);
+                throw new AssertionViolatedException("Does BCEL not handle 
that? LDC2_W operand has a problem.", e);
             }
         }
 
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             final int idx = o.getIndex();
             if (idx < 0) {
                 constraintViolated(o, "Index '" + idx + "' must be 
non-negative."
-                    + " [Constraint by JustIce as an analogon to the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
+                    + " [Constraint imposed by JustIce by analogy with the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
             } else {
                 final int maxminus2 = maxLocals() - 2;
                 if (idx > maxminus2) {
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             final int idx = o.getIndex();
             if (idx < 0) {
                 constraintViolated(o, "Index '" + idx + "' must be 
non-negative."
-                    + " [Constraint by JustIce as an analogon to the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
+                    + " [Constraint imposed by JustIce by analogy with the 
single-slot xLOAD/xSTORE instructions; may not happen anyway.]");
             } else {
                 final int maxminus2 = maxLocals() - 2;
                 if (idx > maxminus2) {
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             if (t instanceof ArrayType) {
                 final int dimensions = ((ArrayType) t).getDimensions();
                 if (dimensions < dimensions2create) {
-                    constraintViolated(o, "Not allowed to create array with 
more dimensions ('" + dimensions2create
+                    constraintViolated(o, "Not allowed to create an array with 
more dimensions ('" + dimensions2create
                         + "') than the one referenced by the CONSTANT_Class '" 
+ t + "'.");
                 }
             } else {
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
                 }
                 if (offsets.contains(offset)) {
                     addMessage("LineNumberTable attribute '" + 
code.getLineNumberTable() + "' refers to the same code offset ('" + offset
-                        + "') more than once which is violating the semantics 
[but is sometimes produced by IBM's 'jikes' compiler].");
+                        + "') more than once, which violates the semantics 
[but is sometimes produced by IBM's 'jikes' compiler].");
                 } else {
                     offsets.add(offset);
                 }
@@ -990,16 +990,16 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             }
             if (!instructionPositionSet.contains(Integer.valueOf(startpc))) {
                 throw new ClassConstraintException("Code attribute '" + 
tostring(code) + "' has an exception_table entry '" + element
-                    + "' that has a non-existant bytecode offset as its 
start_pc ('" + startpc + "').");
+                    + "' that has a nonexistent bytecode offset as its 
start_pc ('" + startpc + "').");
             }
             if (!instructionPositionSet.contains(Integer.valueOf(endpc)) && 
endpc != codeLength) {
                 throw new ClassConstraintException("Code attribute '" + 
tostring(code) + "' has an exception_table entry '" + element
-                    + "' that has a non-existant bytecode offset as its end_pc 
('" + startpc + "') [that is also not equal to code_length ('" + codeLength
+                    + "' that has a nonexistent bytecode offset as its end_pc 
('" + startpc + "') [that is also not equal to code_length ('" + codeLength
                     + "')].");
             }
             if (!instructionPositionSet.contains(Integer.valueOf(handlerpc))) {
                 throw new ClassConstraintException("Code attribute '" + 
tostring(code) + "' has an exception_table entry '" + element
-                    + "' that has a non-existant bytecode offset as its 
handler_pc ('" + handlerpc + "').");
+                    + "' that has a nonexistent bytecode offset as its 
handler_pc ('" + handlerpc + "').");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1122,13 +1122,13 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
         while (ih != null) {
             final Instruction i = ih.getInstruction();
             if (i instanceof IMPDEP1) {
-                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("IMPDEP1 
must not be in the code, it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
+                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("IMPDEP1 
must not be in the code; it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
             }
             if (i instanceof IMPDEP2) {
-                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("IMPDEP2 
must not be in the code, it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
+                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("IMPDEP2 
must not be in the code; it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
             }
             if (i instanceof BREAKPOINT) {
-                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("BREAKPOINT 
must not be in the code, it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
+                throw new StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException("BREAKPOINT 
must not be in the code; it is an illegal instruction for _internal_ JVM use.");
             }
             ih = ih.getNext();
         }
@@ -1184,8 +1184,8 @@ public final class Pass3aVerifier extends PassVerifier {
                     }
                     if (!(target.getInstruction() instanceof ASTORE)) {
                         throw new 
StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException(
-                            "Due to JustIce's clear definition of subroutines, 
no JSR or JSR_W may target anything else"
-                                + " than an ASTORE instruction. Instruction '" 
+ tostring(ih) + "' targets '" + tostring(target) + "'.");
+                            "Due to JustIce's clear definition of subroutines, 
no JSR or JSR_W may target anything"
+                                + " other than an ASTORE instruction. 
Instruction '" + tostring(ih) + "' targets '" + tostring(target) + "'.");
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/ControlFlowGraph.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/ControlFlowGraph.java
index 7302914f..0f6c6e8d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/ControlFlowGraph.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/ControlFlowGraph.java
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public class ControlFlowGraph {
                 final Subroutine s = 
subroutines.subroutineOf(getInstruction());
                 if (s == null) { // return empty;
                     // RET in dead code. "empty" would be the correct answer, 
but we know something about the surrounding project...
-                    throw new AssertionViolatedException("Asking for 
successors of a RET in dead code?.");
+                    throw new AssertionViolatedException("Asking for 
successors of a RET in dead code?");
                 }
 
 //TODO: remove. Only JustIce must not use it, but foreign users of the 
ControlFlowGraph
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/InstConstraintVisitor.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/InstConstraintVisitor.java
index bb6a941a..580e16c1 100644
--- 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/InstConstraintVisitor.java
+++ 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/InstConstraintVisitor.java
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
      */
     @Override
     public void visitBREAKPOINT(final BREAKPOINT o) {
-        throw new AssertionViolatedException("In this JustIce verification 
pass there should not occur an illegal instruction such as BREAKPOINT.");
+        throw new AssertionViolatedException("This JustIce verification pass 
should not encounter an illegal instruction such as BREAKPOINT.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1498,7 +1498,7 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
      */
     @Override
     public void visitIMPDEP1(final IMPDEP1 o) {
-        throw new AssertionViolatedException("In this JustIce verification 
pass there should not occur an illegal instruction such as IMPDEP1.");
+        throw new AssertionViolatedException("This JustIce verification pass 
should not encounter an illegal instruction such as IMPDEP1.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1508,7 +1508,7 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
      */
     @Override
     public void visitIMPDEP2(final IMPDEP2 o) {
-        throw new AssertionViolatedException("In this JustIce verification 
pass there should not occur an illegal instruction such as IMPDEP2.");
+        throw new AssertionViolatedException("This JustIce verification pass 
should not encounter an illegal instruction such as IMPDEP2.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1697,9 +1697,9 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
             // Don't init an object twice.
             if (o.getMethodName(cpg).equals(Const.CONSTRUCTOR_NAME) && 
!(stack().peek(o.getArgumentTypes(cpg).length) instanceof 
UninitializedObjectType)) {
                 constraintViolated(o,
-                    "Possibly initializing object twice."
+                    "Possibly initializing an object twice."
                         + " A valid instruction sequence must not have an 
uninitialized object on the operand stack or in a local variable"
-                        + " during a backwards branch, or in a local variable 
in code protected by an exception handler."
+                        + " during a backward branch, or in a local variable 
in code protected by an exception handler."
                         + " Please see The Java Virtual Machine Specification, 
Second Edition, 4.9.4 (pages 147 and 148) for details.");
             }
             // the o.getClassType(cpg) type has passed pass 2; see 
visitLoadClass(o).
@@ -2081,17 +2081,17 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor 
{
         // [suppose some instruction put an int at N+1--- our double at N is 
defective]
         if (o.getType(cpg).getSize() == 2 && locals().get(o.getIndex() + 1) != 
Type.UNKNOWN) {
             constraintViolated(o,
-                "Reading a two-locals value from local variables " + 
o.getIndex() + " and " + (o.getIndex() + 1) + " where the latter one is 
destroyed.");
+                "Reading a two-slot value from local variables " + 
o.getIndex() + " and " + (o.getIndex() + 1) + " where the latter one is 
destroyed.");
         }
 
         // LOAD instructions must read the correct type.
         if (!(o instanceof ALOAD)) {
             if (locals().get(o.getIndex()) != o.getType(cpg)) {
-                constraintViolated(o, "Local Variable type and LOADing 
Instruction type mismatch: Local Variable: '" + locals().get(o.getIndex())
+                constraintViolated(o, "Local Variable type and load 
instruction type mismatch: Local Variable: '" + locals().get(o.getIndex())
                     + "'; Instruction type: '" + o.getType(cpg) + "'.");
             }
         } else if (!(locals().get(o.getIndex()) instanceof ReferenceType)) {
-            constraintViolated(o, "Local Variable type and LOADing Instruction 
type mismatch: Local Variable: '" + locals().get(o.getIndex())
+            constraintViolated(o, "Local Variable type and load instruction 
type mismatch: Local Variable: '" + locals().get(o.getIndex())
                 + "'; Instruction expects a ReferenceType.");
         }
         // ALOAD __IS ALLOWED__ to put uninitialized objects onto the stack!
@@ -2252,7 +2252,7 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
 
         final Type t = o.getType(cpg);
         if (!(t instanceof ReferenceType)) {
-            throw new AssertionViolatedException("NEW.getType() returning a 
non-reference type?.");
+            throw new AssertionViolatedException("NEW.getType() returning a 
non-reference type?");
         }
         if (!(t instanceof ObjectType)) {
             constraintViolated(o, "Expecting a class type (ObjectType) to work 
on. Found: '" + t + "'.");
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor {
                 constraintViolated(o, "Expecting a class type (ObjectType) to 
work on. Found: '" + obj + "'.");
             }
         } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
-            constraintViolated(o, "Expecting a class type (ObjectType) to work 
on. Found: '" + obj + "'. which threw " + e);
+            constraintViolated(o, "Expecting a class type (ObjectType) to work 
on. Found: '" + obj + "', which threw " + e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2520,13 +2520,13 @@ public class InstConstraintVisitor extends EmptyVisitor 
{
         if (!(o instanceof ASTORE)) {
             if (!(stack().peek() == o.getType(cpg))) { // the other xSTORE 
types are singletons in BCEL.
                 constraintViolated(o,
-                    "Stack top type and STOREing Instruction type mismatch: 
Stack top: '" + stack().peek() + "'; Instruction type: '" + o.getType(cpg) + 
"'.");
+                    "Stack top type and store instruction type mismatch: Stack 
top: '" + stack().peek() + "'; Instruction type: '" + o.getType(cpg) + "'.");
             }
         } else { // we deal with ASTORE
             final Type stacktop = stack().peek();
             if (!(stacktop instanceof ReferenceType) && !(stacktop instanceof 
ReturnaddressType)) {
-                constraintViolated(o, "Stack top type and STOREing Instruction 
type mismatch: Stack top: '" + stack().peek()
-                    + "'; Instruction expects a ReferenceType or a 
ReturnadressType.");
+                constraintViolated(o, "Stack top type and store instruction 
type mismatch: Stack top: '" + stack().peek()
+                    + "'; Instruction expects a ReferenceType or a 
ReturnaddressType.");
             }
             // if (stacktop instanceof ReferenceType) {
             // referenceTypeIsInitialized(o, (ReferenceType) stacktop);
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/LocalVariables.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/LocalVariables.java
index 2279aa2c..88bb3e77 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/LocalVariables.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/LocalVariables.java
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public class LocalVariables implements Cloneable {
     public void merge(final LocalVariables localVariable) {
 
         if (this.locals.length != localVariable.locals.length) {
-            throw new AssertionViolatedException("Merging LocalVariables of 
different size?!? From different methods or what?!?");
+            throw new AssertionViolatedException("Merging LocalVariables of 
different sizes?!? From different methods or what?!?");
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < locals.length; i++) {
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ public class LocalVariables implements Cloneable {
             // We won't accept an uninitialized object if we know it was 
initialized;
             // compare vmspec2, 4.9.4, last paragraph.
             if (!(locals[i] instanceof UninitializedObjectType) && 
lv.locals[i] instanceof UninitializedObjectType) {
-                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backwards branch 
with an uninitialized object in the local variables detected.");
+                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backward branch 
with an uninitialized object in the local variables detected.");
             }
             // Even harder, what about _different_ uninitialized object types?!
             if (!locals[i].equals(lv.locals[i]) && locals[i] instanceof 
UninitializedObjectType && lv.locals[i] instanceof UninitializedObjectType) {
-                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backwards branch 
with an uninitialized object in the local variables detected.");
+                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backward branch 
with an uninitialized object in the local variables detected.");
             }
             // If we just didn't know that it was initialized, we have now 
learned.
             if (locals[i] instanceof UninitializedObjectType && !(lv.locals[i] 
instanceof UninitializedObjectType)) {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public class LocalVariables implements Cloneable {
 
                     if (sup == null) {
                         // We should have checked this in Pass2!
-                        throw new AssertionViolatedException("Could not load 
all the super classes of '" + locals[i] + "' and '" + lv.locals[i] + "'.");
+                        throw new AssertionViolatedException("Could not load 
all the superclasses of '" + locals[i] + "' and '" + lv.locals[i] + "'.");
                     }
                     locals[i] = sup;
                 }
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/OperandStack.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/OperandStack.java
index 09198578..821a9e2d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/OperandStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/OperandStack.java
@@ -150,20 +150,20 @@ public class OperandStack implements Cloneable {
     public void merge(final OperandStack s) {
         try {
             if (slotsUsed() != s.slotsUsed() || size() != s.size()) {
-                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Cannot merge 
stacks of different size:\nOperandStack A:\n" + this + "\nOperandStack B:\n" + 
s);
+                throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Cannot merge 
stacks of different sizes:\nOperandStack A:\n" + this + "\nOperandStack B:\n" + 
s);
             }
 
             for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
                 // If the object _was_ initialized and we're supposed to merge
                 // in some uninitialized object, we reject the code (see 
vmspec2, 4.9.4, last paragraph).
                 if (!(stack.get(i) instanceof UninitializedObjectType) && 
s.stack.get(i) instanceof UninitializedObjectType) {
-                    throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backwards 
branch with an uninitialized object on the stack detected.");
+                    throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backward 
branch with an uninitialized object on the stack detected.");
                 }
                 // Even harder, we're not initialized but are supposed to 
broaden
                 // the known object type
                 if (!stack.get(i).equals(s.stack.get(i)) && stack.get(i) 
instanceof UninitializedObjectType
                     && !(s.stack.get(i) instanceof UninitializedObjectType)) {
-                    throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backwards 
branch with an uninitialized object on the stack detected.");
+                    throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Backward 
branch with an uninitialized object on the stack detected.");
                 }
                 // on the other hand...
                 if (stack.get(i) instanceof UninitializedObjectType && 
!(s.stack.get(i) instanceof UninitializedObjectType)) { // that has been 
initialized by
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Pass3bVerifier.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Pass3bVerifier.java
index 672c1263..6cfaecd8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Pass3bVerifier.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Pass3bVerifier.java
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public final class Pass3bVerifier extends PassVerifier {
                 int skipJsr = 0;
                 for (int ss = oldchain.size() - 1; ss >= 0; ss--) {
                     if (skipJsr < 0) {
-                        throw new AssertionViolatedException("More RET than 
JSR in execution chain?.");
+                        throw new AssertionViolatedException("More RET 
instructions than JSR instructions in the execution chain?");
                     }
 //System.err.println("+"+oldchain.get(ss));
                     if (oldchain.get(ss).getInstruction().getInstruction() 
instanceof JsrInstruction) {
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ public final class Pass3bVerifier extends PassVerifier {
             final PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
             re.printStackTrace(pw);
 
-            throw new AssertionViolatedException("Some RuntimeException 
occurred while verify()ing class '" + jc.getClassName() + "', method '"
+            throw new AssertionViolatedException("Some RuntimeException 
occurred while verifying class '" + jc.getClassName() + "', method '"
                 + methods[methodNo] + "'. Original RuntimeException's stack 
trace:\n---\n" + sw + "---\n", re);
         }
         return VerificationResult.VR_OK;
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Subroutines.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Subroutines.java
index ad77d37f..26122801 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Subroutines.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/structurals/Subroutines.java
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ public class Subroutines {
             for (final InstructionHandle actual : instructions) {
                 if (actual.getInstruction() instanceof RET) {
                     if (ret != null) {
-                        throw new 
StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine with more then one RET detected: 
'" + ret + "' and '" + actual + "'.");
+                        throw new 
StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine with more than one RET detected: 
'" + ret + "' and '" + actual + "'.");
                     }
                     ret = actual;
                 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/AnnotationAccessFlagTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/AnnotationAccessFlagTest.java
index 3655751d..af2477fd 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/AnnotationAccessFlagTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/AnnotationAccessFlagTest.java
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class AnnotationAccessFlagTest extends AbstractTest {
     @Test
     void testAnnotationClassSaysItIs() throws ClassNotFoundException {
         JavaClass clazz = getTestJavaClass(PACKAGE_BASE_NAME + 
".data.SimpleAnnotation");
-        assertTrue(clazz.isAnnotation(), "Expected SimpleAnnotation class to 
say it was an annotation - but it didn't !");
+        assertTrue(clazz.isAnnotation(), "Expected SimpleAnnotation class to 
say it was an annotation - but it didn't!");
         clazz = getTestJavaClass(PACKAGE_BASE_NAME + ".data.SimpleClass");
-        assertFalse(clazz.isAnnotation(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say 
it was not an annotation - but it didn't !");
+        assertFalse(clazz.isAnnotation(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say 
it was not an annotation - but it didn't!");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/ElementValueGenTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/ElementValueGenTest.java
index 1c2c3273..cbb9e34f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/ElementValueGenTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/ElementValueGenTest.java
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupInteger(1); // 1 == true
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupInteger((byte) 'z');
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupInteger('t');
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupDouble(333.44);
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         final EnumElementValueGen evg = new EnumElementValueGen(enumType, 
"Red", cp);
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
-        assertEquals(cp.lookupUtf8("Red"), evg.getValueIndex(), "The new 
ElementValue value index should match the contents of the constantpool");
+        assertEquals(cp.lookupUtf8("Red"), evg.getValueIndex(), "The new 
ElementValue value index should match the contents of the constant pool");
         // BCELBUG: Should the class signature or class name be in the constant
         // pool? (see note in ConstantPool)
         // assertTrue("The new ElementValue type index should match the 
contents
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         final SimpleElementValueGen evg = new 
SimpleElementValueGen(ElementValueGen.PRIMITIVE_FLOAT, cp, 111.222f);
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
-        assertEquals(cp.lookupFloat(111.222f), evg.getIndex(), "Should have 
the same index in the constantpool");
+        assertEquals(cp.lookupFloat(111.222f), evg.getIndex(), "Should have 
the same index in the constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         final SimpleElementValueGen evg = new 
SimpleElementValueGen(ElementValueGen.PRIMITIVE_INT, cp, 555);
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
-        assertEquals(cp.lookupInteger(555), evg.getIndex(), "Should have the 
same index in the constantpool");
+        assertEquals(cp.lookupInteger(555), evg.getIndex(), "Should have the 
same index in the constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupLong(3334455L);
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
         final int idx = cp.lookupInteger(42);
-        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constantpool");
+        assertEquals(idx, evg.getIndex(), "Should have the same index in the 
constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class ElementValueGenTest extends AbstractTest {
         final SimpleElementValueGen evg = new 
SimpleElementValueGen(ElementValueGen.STRING, cp, "hello");
         // Creation of an element like that should leave a new entry in the
         // cpool
-        assertEquals(cp.lookupUtf8("hello"), evg.getIndex(), "Should have the 
same index in the constantpool");
+        assertEquals(cp.lookupUtf8("hello"), evg.getIndex(), "Should have the 
same index in the constant pool");
         checkSerialize(evg, cp);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/EnumAccessFlagTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/EnumAccessFlagTest.java
index 13710e93..8816c91e 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/EnumAccessFlagTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/EnumAccessFlagTest.java
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class EnumAccessFlagTest extends AbstractTest {
     @Test
     void testEnumClassSaysItIs() throws ClassNotFoundException {
         JavaClass clazz = getTestJavaClass(PACKAGE_BASE_NAME + 
".data.SimpleEnum");
-        assertTrue(clazz.isEnum(), "Expected SimpleEnum class to say it was an 
enum - but it didn't !");
+        assertTrue(clazz.isEnum(), "Expected SimpleEnum class to say it was an 
enum - but it didn't!");
         clazz = getTestJavaClass(PACKAGE_BASE_NAME + ".data.SimpleClass");
-        assertFalse(clazz.isEnum(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say it was 
not an enum - but it didn't !");
+        assertFalse(clazz.isEnum(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say it was 
not an enum - but it didn't!");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/RecordTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/RecordTest.java
index 39d1134d..120fb16a 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/RecordTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/RecordTest.java
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class RecordTest extends AbstractTest {
         final JavaClass clazzFromRepo = repos2.loadClass("SimpleRecord");
         assertNotNull(clazzFromRepo); // Use the variable to avoid a warning
         final Record recordAttributeFromRepo = (Record) 
findAttribute("Record", clazzFromRepo)[0];
-        assertEquals(recordAttribute.toString(), 
recordAttributeFromRepo.toString(), "Both attributes needs to be equal");
+        assertEquals(recordAttribute.toString(), 
recordAttributeFromRepo.toString(), "Both attributes need to be equal");
         tfile.deleteOnExit();
     }
 
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ class RecordTest extends AbstractTest {
     @Test
     void testRecordClassSaysItIs() throws ClassNotFoundException, 
ClassFormatException, IOException {
         final JavaClass clazz = new 
ClassParser("src/test/resources/record/SimpleRecord.class").parse();
-        assertTrue(clazz.isRecord(), "Expected SimpleRecord class to say it 
was a record - but it didn't !");
+        assertTrue(clazz.isRecord(), "Expected SimpleRecord class to say it 
was a record - but it didn't!");
         final JavaClass simpleClazz = getTestJavaClass(PACKAGE_BASE_NAME + 
".data.SimpleClass");
-        assertFalse(simpleClazz.isRecord(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say 
it was not a record - but it didn't !");
+        assertFalse(simpleClazz.isRecord(), "Expected SimpleClass class to say 
it was not a record - but it didn't!");
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/UtilityTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/UtilityTest.java
index a7c7e22d..244c7842 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/UtilityTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/classfile/UtilityTest.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class UtilityTest {
         assertEquals(0, Utility.clearBit(0, 0));
         assertEquals(0, Utility.clearBit(1, 0), "1 bit 0 set to 0 -> 0");
         assertEquals(1, Utility.clearBit(1, 1), "1 bit 1 is 0 hence no 
change");
-        assertEquals(8, Utility.clearBit(8, 4), "1000 only has 4 bit hence no 
change");
+        assertEquals(8, Utility.clearBit(8, 4), "1000 only has 4 bits, hence 
no change");
         assertEquals(1, Utility.clearBit(9, 3), "1001 bit 3 set to 0 -> 0001");
         assertEquals(-2, Utility.clearBit(-1, 0), "111...11 set bit 0 to 0 -> 
111..10");
         assertEquals(0, Utility.clearBit(Integer.MIN_VALUE, 31), "100...00 set 
bit 31 to 0 -> 000..00");
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldAnnotationsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldAnnotationsTest.java
index bd20037d..48e5efb1 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldAnnotationsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/FieldAnnotationsTest.java
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class FieldAnnotationsTest extends AbstractTest {
         }
         assertEquals("[@Lorg/apache/bcel/data/SimpleAnnotation;(id=1)]", 
dumpAnnotationEntries(f.getAnnotationEntries()));
         if (dbg) {
-            System.err.println("AnnotationEntrys on field are: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(f.getAnnotationEntries()));
+            System.err.println("AnnotationEntries on field are: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(f.getAnnotationEntries()));
         }
         final AnnotationEntryGen fruitBasedAnnotationEntry = 
createFruitAnnotationEntry(clg.getConstantPool(), "Tomato", false);
         final FieldGen fg = new FieldGen(f, clg.getConstantPool());
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class FieldAnnotationsTest extends AbstractTest {
             System.err.println("FieldGen (mutable field) is " + fg);
         }
         if (dbg) {
-            System.err.println("with AnnotationEntrys: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(fg.getAnnotationEntries()));
+            System.err.println("with AnnotationEntries: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(fg.getAnnotationEntries()));
         }
         if (dbg) {
             System.err.println("Replacing original field with new field that 
has extra AnnotationEntry");
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class FieldAnnotationsTest extends AbstractTest {
             System.err.println("Field now looks like this: " + f);
         }
         if (dbg) {
-            System.err.println("With AnnotationEntrys: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(f.getAnnotationEntries()));
+            System.err.println("With AnnotationEntries: " + 
dumpAnnotationEntries(f.getAnnotationEntries()));
         }
         assertEquals(2, f.getAnnotationEntries().length, "Wrong number of 
AnnotationEntries");
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest.java
index ddcd7ca5..f09b50ed 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/generic/GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest.java
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ class GeneratingAnnotatedClassesTest extends AbstractTest {
         final JavaClass jc2 = getClassFrom("temp1", "HelloWorld");
         // Check annotation is OK
         i = jc2.getMethods()[0].getAnnotationEntries().length;
-        assertEquals(1, i, "Wrong number of annotation on JavaClass");
+        assertEquals(1, i, "Wrong number of annotations on JavaClass");
         final ClassGen cg2 = new ClassGen(jc2);
         // Check it now it is a ClassGen
         final Method[] m = cg2.getMethods();
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierInvokeTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierInvokeTest.java
index aab220ab..7ed56b8e 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierInvokeTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierInvokeTest.java
@@ -25,23 +25,23 @@ class VerifierInvokeTest extends AbstractVerifierTest {
 
     @Test
     void testLegalInvokeInterface() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeInterface01", "Verification of 
invokeinterface on method defined in superinterface must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeInterface01", "Verification of 
invokeinterface on a method defined in a superinterface must pass.");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLegalInvokeSpecial() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeSpecial01", "Verification of 
invokespecial on method defined in superclass must pass.");
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeSpecial02", "Verification of 
invokespecial on method defined in superclass must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeSpecial01", "Verification of 
invokespecial on a method defined in a superclass must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeSpecial02", "Verification of 
invokespecial on a method defined in a superclass must pass.");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLegalInvokeStatic() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeStatic01", "Verification of 
invokestatic on method defined in superclass must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeStatic01", "Verification of 
invokestatic on a method defined in a superclass must pass.");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLegalInvokeVirtual() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeVirtual01", "Verification of 
invokevirtual on method defined in superclass must pass.");
-        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeVirtual02", "Verification of 
invokevirtual on method defined in superinterface must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeVirtual01", "Verification of 
invokevirtual on a method defined in a superclass must pass.");
+        assertVerifyOK("TestLegalInvokeVirtual02", "Verification of 
invokevirtual on a method defined in a superinterface must pass.");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierReturnTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierReturnTest.java
index 2ea4ed54..e1d320ea 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierReturnTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierReturnTest.java
@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ class VerifierReturnTest extends AbstractVerifierTest {
         new TestReturn03IntCreator().create();
         assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Int", "Verification of an int method 
that returns null int must fail.");
         new TestReturn03FloatCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Float", "Verification of a int 
method that returns null float must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Float", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null float must fail.");
         new TestReturn03DoubleCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Double", "Verification of a int 
method that returns null double must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Double", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null double must fail.");
         new TestReturn03LongCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Long", "Verification of a int method 
that returns null long must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Long", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null long must fail.");
         new TestReturn03ByteCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Byte", "Verification of a int method 
that returns null byte must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Byte", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null byte must fail.");
         new TestReturn03BooleanCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Boolean", "Verification of a int 
method that returns null boolean must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Boolean", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null boolean must fail.");
         new TestReturn03ObjectCreator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Object", "Verification of a int 
method that returns null Object must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestReturn03Object", "Verification of an int 
method that returns null Object must fail.");
         final TestReturn03UnknownCreator testReturn03UnknownCreator = new 
TestReturn03UnknownCreator();
         assertThrowsExactly(IllegalArgumentException.class, 
testReturn03UnknownCreator::create, "Invalid type <unknown object>");
     }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierThrowTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierThrowTest.java
index 921aa19e..f149296a 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierThrowTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifierThrowTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ class VerifierThrowTest extends AbstractVerifierTest {
     @Test
     void testThrowEmptyStack() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
         new TestThrow01Creator().create();
-        assertVerifyRejected("TestThrow01", "Verification of a method with 
ATHROW instruction on an empty stack must fail.");
+        assertVerifyRejected("TestThrow01", "Verification of a method with an 
ATHROW instruction on an empty stack must fail.");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifyBadClassesTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifyBadClassesTest.java
index c340b04c..a1f86603 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifyBadClassesTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/VerifyBadClassesTest.java
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class VerifyBadClassesTest {
         final File testFile = new File(testDir, className + 
JavaClass.EXTENSION);
 
         if (!origFile.renameTo(testFile)) {
-            fail("Failed to rename orig file");
+            fail("Failed to rename original file");
         }
 
         String result;

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