u70b3 commented on code in PR #67978:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/67978#discussion_r4144164757


##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/job/LanceIndexJobDispatcher.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ClientPool;
+import org.apache.doris.common.Config;
+import org.apache.doris.common.util.MasterDaemon;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogIf;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.LanceExternalCatalog;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.storage.LanceStorageOptions;
+import org.apache.doris.persist.gson.GsonUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.system.Backend;
+import org.apache.doris.system.BeSelectionPolicy;
+import org.apache.doris.system.SystemInfoService;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.BackendService;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TLanceIndexJobDispatch;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TLanceIndexMutationType;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TNetworkAddress;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TStatus;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TStatusCode;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.thrift.TApplicationException;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Master-only daemon that drives the durable Lance index job records through
+ * the lifecycle after admission. Each round runs in a fixed order: converge
+ * expired RUNNING jobs to UNKNOWN, release possible-live slots whose backend
+ * process was replaced, drive the refresh a terminal job still owes, then
+ * dispatch PENDING jobs. Every durable transition goes through
+ * {@link LanceIndexJobManager} under its own lock; the daemon holds no catalog
+ * or manager lock across any call.
+ *
+ * <p>The daemon does not read the admission gate: a job that is already 
durable
+ * must be driven to its terminal state, whatever the gate says now, so the
+ * thread runs unconditionally on the master and simply finds nothing to do
+ * while no jobs exist. An idle round writes no journal record.
+ *
+ * <p>Dispatch follows the durable-before-send boundary: the whole request is
+ * prepared first (so a preparation failure just leaves the job PENDING), then
+ * the markRunning edit log is written and re-read before the first byte of
+ * network I/O, and the invocation id of an attempt that lost the 
compare-and-set
+ * is never reused. After a successful markRunning there is exactly one send;
+ * from that point a job converges only through a matching result callback, the
+ * deadline sweep, or the epoch sweep, never through a resend. A failure that
+ * still proves the dispatch was never enqueued (a clean pre-enqueue error
+ * status, a client-pool borrow failure, or an UNKNOWN_METHOD answer from an
+ * old backend) converges it NOT_COMMITTED through the no-enqueue channel,
+ * which releases the possible-live slot in the same durable transition;
+ * anything ambiguous after the invocation may have started converges UNKNOWN
+ * with the slot retained. The blocking time of the send loop is bounded per
+ * round (one backend RPC timeout), because this thread is also the only thread
+ * running the sweeps and the refresh driver — see
+ * {@link #dispatchPendingJobs()}.
+ *
+ * <p>The manager is resolved from the supplier once per round rather than
+ * captured at construction: {@code Env.loadLanceIndexJobManager} replaces the
+ * Env-owned manager with a brand-new object on every image load, so a cached
+ * reference would keep scanning the abandoned pre-image manager after an FE
+ * restart while replay, admission and SHOW all move on to the restored one.
+ * Every phase of one round shares the single resolved instance.
+ *
+ * <p>The sleep between rounds is sliced at {@link #MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS} so a
+ * shortened polling interval takes effect within one slice (see the field
+ * javadoc), and {@link Config#lance_index_job_dispatcher_paused} suspends only
+ * the dispatch phase (see {@link #dispatchPendingJobs}).
+ */
+public class LanceIndexJobDispatcher extends MasterDaemon {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LogManager.getLogger(LanceIndexJobDispatcher.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Upper bound of one sleep slice, equal to the shipped default interval. 
The
+     * daemon never sleeps longer than this, so a shortened
+     * {@link Config#lance_index_job_dispatch_interval_second} takes effect 
within
+     * one slice instead of waiting out a previously adopted long sleep: the
+     * elapsed check in {@link #runAfterCatalogReady} is re-evaluated against 
the
+     * current config at every wake. Slices bound only the sleep; rounds still
+     * honor the configured interval, because a wake whose configured interval
+     * (longer than this bound) has not elapsed since the last round skips the
+     * round. A lengthened interval takes effect at the next wake through the 
same
+     * check, and an interval at or below this bound needs no check at all — 
every
+     * wake runs a round, exactly one per configured period.
+     */
+    private static final long MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS = 10_000L;
+
+    private final Supplier<LanceIndexJobManager> jobManagerSupplier;
+
+    /** Wall time of the last executed round, or -1 before the first one. */
+    private long lastRoundMs = -1L;
+
+    public LanceIndexJobDispatcher(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        this(() -> jobManager);
+    }
+
+    public LanceIndexJobDispatcher(Supplier<LanceIndexJobManager> 
jobManagerSupplier) {
+        super("lance index job dispatcher", dispatchIntervalMs());
+        this.jobManagerSupplier = jobManagerSupplier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Values loaded from fe.conf bypass the config validator (only ADMIN SET 
runs
+     * it), so the positive invariant is re-asserted where a non-positive value
+     * would break the loop: a non-positive interval would kill this thread 
inside
+     * {@code Thread.sleep} or busy-spin it, a non-positive deadline would 
sweep
+     * every dispatched job UNKNOWN on the next round, and a zero cap would 
stall
+     * dispatch forever. The refresh retry interval needs no such defense: a
+     * non-positive value simply disengages the throttle.
+     */
+    private static long dispatchIntervalMs() {
+        return Math.max(1, Config.lance_index_job_dispatch_interval_second) * 
1000L;
+    }
+
+    private static long executeDeadlineMs(long nowMs) {
+        long second = Math.max(1L, 
Config.lance_index_job_execute_deadline_second);
+        return second > (Long.MAX_VALUE - nowMs) / 1000L ? Long.MAX_VALUE : 
nowMs + second * 1000L;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void runAfterCatalogReady() {
+        if (!Env.getCurrentEnv().isMaster()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Env.isCheckpointThread()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        long configuredMs = dispatchIntervalMs();
+        setInterval(Math.min(configuredMs, MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS));
+        if (configuredMs > MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS && lastRoundMs >= 0 && nowMs() - 
lastRoundMs < configuredMs) {
+            // A wake inside a long configured interval: the slice elapsed, the
+            // round period has not. Skipping is cheap and writes no journal 
record.
+            return;
+        }
+        lastRoundMs = nowMs();
+        try {
+            runOneRound(jobManagerSupplier.get());
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            LOG.warn("Failed to process one round of the lance index job 
dispatcher", t);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Clock seam for the round-period check; tests advance it instead of 
sleeping. */
+    protected long nowMs() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+
+    private void runOneRound(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        long nowMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        sweepExpiredRunningJobs(jobManager, nowMs);
+        sweepReplacedProcessEpochs(jobManager);
+        driveRequiredRefreshes(jobManager, nowMs);
+        dispatchPendingJobs(jobManager);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deadline sweep. A RUNNING job past its wait deadline has produced no
+     * complete trusted result, so it converges to UNKNOWN through the same
+     * completeWithResult channel a callback would use. Expiry bounds the wait
+     * only: it never proves termination, so the possible-live slot, the
+     * same-name fence, and the unresolved quota all stay held.
+     */
+    private void sweepExpiredRunningJobs(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager, long 
nowMs) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getExpiredRunningJobs(nowMs)) {
+            try {
+                boolean completed = 
jobManager.completeWithResult(job.getJobId(),
+                        dispatchRevisionOf(job), job.getInvocationId(), 
job.getBeProcessEpoch(),
+                        new 
LanceIndexJobResult(LanceIndexJobResultCode.NO_TRUSTED_RESULT,
+                                LanceIndexJobCompletionReason.NONE,
+                                "execute deadline expired without a complete 
trusted result", false));
+                if (completed) {
+                    LOG.info("lance index job {} converged RUNNING -> UNKNOWN 
on deadline expiry",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                } else {
+                    LOG.warn("deadline sweep skipped lance index job {}: 
already converged by a callback or sweep",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warn("failed to sweep expired lance index job " + 
job.getJobId(), t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Possible-live sweep. The only slot-release proof this daemon produces is
+     * that the recorded backend process epoch no longer exists: a backend 
entry
+     * reporting a different epoch proves the process that received the 
dispatch
+     * was replaced. A missing backend entry or heartbeat loss proves nothing
+     * (the worker may still be running behind a partition), so such a job 
keeps
+     * its slot until a stronger proof or an operator force release. An epoch
+     * change also proves nothing about the outcome, so the mutation state is
+     * never touched here.
+     */
+    private void sweepReplacedProcessEpochs(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getJobsHoldingPossibleLiveSlot()) {
+            try {
+                Backend backend = 
Env.getCurrentSystemInfo().getBackend(job.getBackendId());
+                if (backend == null || backend.getProcessEpoch() == 
job.getBeProcessEpoch()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                boolean recorded = 
jobManager.recordTerminationProof(job.getJobId(),
+                        dispatchRevisionOf(job), job.getBackendId(), 
job.getBeProcessEpoch(),
+                        job.getInvocationId(), 
LanceIndexTerminationProof.BE_PROCESS_EPOCH_GONE);
+                if (recorded) {
+                    LOG.info("released possible-live slot of lance index job 
{}: backend process epoch was replaced",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                } else {
+                    LOG.warn("epoch sweep skipped lance index job {}: dispatch 
identity already moved",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warn("failed to sweep possible-live slot of lance index 
job " + job.getJobId(), t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The clock the FAILED-refresh throttle measures from: the dedicated
+     * refresh-failure timestamp, falling back to the generic update time only 
for
+     * a legacy record replayed before the field existed. Measuring from the
+     * generic time would let an unrelated transition — a CHILD_REAPED proof 
or an
+     * epoch-gone release bumping it — postpone the next retry by a full 
interval
+     * while the fence and quota stay held.
+     */
+    private static long refreshThrottledSinceMs(LanceIndexJob job) {
+        return job.getRefreshFailureTimeMs() == null ? job.getUpdateTimeMs() : 
job.getRefreshFailureTimeMs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Refresh driver for terminal jobs with an unfinished refresh obligation.
+     * Completing the refresh is the protocol duty that releases the same-name
+     * fence and the unresolved quota once DONE; it is not a read-visibility
+     * action, because index metadata is never cached. Each job is driven
+     * through markRefreshRunning, the idempotent external-table refresh, then
+     * DONE or FAILED: a FAILED job keeps its fence and is retried, throttled 
to
+     * one attempt per retry interval, while a first REQUIRED refresh is never
+     * delayed. UNKNOWN jobs never appear here; they owe no refresh.
+     */
+    private void driveRequiredRefreshes(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager, long 
nowMs) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getJobsNeedingRefresh()) {

Review Comment:
   done, the refresh driver now spends at most one backend RPC timeout of 
blocking refresh work per round — mirroring the dispatch send budget — before 
deferring the remaining owed jobs to the next round (072f156f2)



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/job/LanceIndexJobDispatcher.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ClientPool;
+import org.apache.doris.common.Config;
+import org.apache.doris.common.util.MasterDaemon;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogIf;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.LanceExternalCatalog;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.storage.LanceStorageOptions;
+import org.apache.doris.persist.gson.GsonUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.system.Backend;
+import org.apache.doris.system.BeSelectionPolicy;
+import org.apache.doris.system.SystemInfoService;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.BackendService;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TLanceIndexJobDispatch;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TLanceIndexMutationType;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TNetworkAddress;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TStatus;
+import org.apache.doris.thrift.TStatusCode;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.thrift.TApplicationException;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Master-only daemon that drives the durable Lance index job records through
+ * the lifecycle after admission. Each round runs in a fixed order: converge
+ * expired RUNNING jobs to UNKNOWN, release possible-live slots whose backend
+ * process was replaced, drive the refresh a terminal job still owes, then
+ * dispatch PENDING jobs. Every durable transition goes through
+ * {@link LanceIndexJobManager} under its own lock; the daemon holds no catalog
+ * or manager lock across any call.
+ *
+ * <p>The daemon does not read the admission gate: a job that is already 
durable
+ * must be driven to its terminal state, whatever the gate says now, so the
+ * thread runs unconditionally on the master and simply finds nothing to do
+ * while no jobs exist. An idle round writes no journal record.
+ *
+ * <p>Dispatch follows the durable-before-send boundary: the whole request is
+ * prepared first (so a preparation failure just leaves the job PENDING), then
+ * the markRunning edit log is written and re-read before the first byte of
+ * network I/O, and the invocation id of an attempt that lost the 
compare-and-set
+ * is never reused. After a successful markRunning there is exactly one send;
+ * from that point a job converges only through a matching result callback, the
+ * deadline sweep, or the epoch sweep, never through a resend. A failure that
+ * still proves the dispatch was never enqueued (a clean pre-enqueue error
+ * status, a client-pool borrow failure, or an UNKNOWN_METHOD answer from an
+ * old backend) converges it NOT_COMMITTED through the no-enqueue channel,
+ * which releases the possible-live slot in the same durable transition;
+ * anything ambiguous after the invocation may have started converges UNKNOWN
+ * with the slot retained. The blocking time of the send loop is bounded per
+ * round (one backend RPC timeout), because this thread is also the only thread
+ * running the sweeps and the refresh driver — see
+ * {@link #dispatchPendingJobs()}.
+ *
+ * <p>The manager is resolved from the supplier once per round rather than
+ * captured at construction: {@code Env.loadLanceIndexJobManager} replaces the
+ * Env-owned manager with a brand-new object on every image load, so a cached
+ * reference would keep scanning the abandoned pre-image manager after an FE
+ * restart while replay, admission and SHOW all move on to the restored one.
+ * Every phase of one round shares the single resolved instance.
+ *
+ * <p>The sleep between rounds is sliced at {@link #MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS} so a
+ * shortened polling interval takes effect within one slice (see the field
+ * javadoc), and {@link Config#lance_index_job_dispatcher_paused} suspends only
+ * the dispatch phase (see {@link #dispatchPendingJobs}).
+ */
+public class LanceIndexJobDispatcher extends MasterDaemon {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LogManager.getLogger(LanceIndexJobDispatcher.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Upper bound of one sleep slice, equal to the shipped default interval. 
The
+     * daemon never sleeps longer than this, so a shortened
+     * {@link Config#lance_index_job_dispatch_interval_second} takes effect 
within
+     * one slice instead of waiting out a previously adopted long sleep: the
+     * elapsed check in {@link #runAfterCatalogReady} is re-evaluated against 
the
+     * current config at every wake. Slices bound only the sleep; rounds still
+     * honor the configured interval, because a wake whose configured interval
+     * (longer than this bound) has not elapsed since the last round skips the
+     * round. A lengthened interval takes effect at the next wake through the 
same
+     * check, and an interval at or below this bound needs no check at all — 
every
+     * wake runs a round, exactly one per configured period.
+     */
+    private static final long MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS = 10_000L;
+
+    private final Supplier<LanceIndexJobManager> jobManagerSupplier;
+
+    /** Wall time of the last executed round, or -1 before the first one. */
+    private long lastRoundMs = -1L;
+
+    public LanceIndexJobDispatcher(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        this(() -> jobManager);
+    }
+
+    public LanceIndexJobDispatcher(Supplier<LanceIndexJobManager> 
jobManagerSupplier) {
+        super("lance index job dispatcher", dispatchIntervalMs());
+        this.jobManagerSupplier = jobManagerSupplier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Values loaded from fe.conf bypass the config validator (only ADMIN SET 
runs
+     * it), so the positive invariant is re-asserted where a non-positive value
+     * would break the loop: a non-positive interval would kill this thread 
inside
+     * {@code Thread.sleep} or busy-spin it, a non-positive deadline would 
sweep
+     * every dispatched job UNKNOWN on the next round, and a zero cap would 
stall
+     * dispatch forever. The refresh retry interval needs no such defense: a
+     * non-positive value simply disengages the throttle.
+     */
+    private static long dispatchIntervalMs() {
+        return Math.max(1, Config.lance_index_job_dispatch_interval_second) * 
1000L;
+    }
+
+    private static long executeDeadlineMs(long nowMs) {
+        long second = Math.max(1L, 
Config.lance_index_job_execute_deadline_second);
+        return second > (Long.MAX_VALUE - nowMs) / 1000L ? Long.MAX_VALUE : 
nowMs + second * 1000L;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void runAfterCatalogReady() {
+        if (!Env.getCurrentEnv().isMaster()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Env.isCheckpointThread()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        long configuredMs = dispatchIntervalMs();
+        setInterval(Math.min(configuredMs, MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS));
+        if (configuredMs > MAX_SLEEP_SLICE_MS && lastRoundMs >= 0 && nowMs() - 
lastRoundMs < configuredMs) {
+            // A wake inside a long configured interval: the slice elapsed, the
+            // round period has not. Skipping is cheap and writes no journal 
record.
+            return;
+        }
+        lastRoundMs = nowMs();
+        try {
+            runOneRound(jobManagerSupplier.get());
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            LOG.warn("Failed to process one round of the lance index job 
dispatcher", t);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Clock seam for the round-period check; tests advance it instead of 
sleeping. */
+    protected long nowMs() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+
+    private void runOneRound(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        long nowMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        sweepExpiredRunningJobs(jobManager, nowMs);
+        sweepReplacedProcessEpochs(jobManager);
+        driveRequiredRefreshes(jobManager, nowMs);
+        dispatchPendingJobs(jobManager);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deadline sweep. A RUNNING job past its wait deadline has produced no
+     * complete trusted result, so it converges to UNKNOWN through the same
+     * completeWithResult channel a callback would use. Expiry bounds the wait
+     * only: it never proves termination, so the possible-live slot, the
+     * same-name fence, and the unresolved quota all stay held.
+     */
+    private void sweepExpiredRunningJobs(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager, long 
nowMs) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getExpiredRunningJobs(nowMs)) {
+            try {
+                boolean completed = 
jobManager.completeWithResult(job.getJobId(),
+                        dispatchRevisionOf(job), job.getInvocationId(), 
job.getBeProcessEpoch(),
+                        new 
LanceIndexJobResult(LanceIndexJobResultCode.NO_TRUSTED_RESULT,
+                                LanceIndexJobCompletionReason.NONE,
+                                "execute deadline expired without a complete 
trusted result", false));
+                if (completed) {
+                    LOG.info("lance index job {} converged RUNNING -> UNKNOWN 
on deadline expiry",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                } else {
+                    LOG.warn("deadline sweep skipped lance index job {}: 
already converged by a callback or sweep",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warn("failed to sweep expired lance index job " + 
job.getJobId(), t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Possible-live sweep. The only slot-release proof this daemon produces is
+     * that the recorded backend process epoch no longer exists: a backend 
entry
+     * reporting a different epoch proves the process that received the 
dispatch
+     * was replaced. A missing backend entry or heartbeat loss proves nothing
+     * (the worker may still be running behind a partition), so such a job 
keeps
+     * its slot until a stronger proof or an operator force release. An epoch
+     * change also proves nothing about the outcome, so the mutation state is
+     * never touched here.
+     */
+    private void sweepReplacedProcessEpochs(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getJobsHoldingPossibleLiveSlot()) {
+            try {
+                Backend backend = 
Env.getCurrentSystemInfo().getBackend(job.getBackendId());
+                if (backend == null || backend.getProcessEpoch() == 
job.getBeProcessEpoch()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                boolean recorded = 
jobManager.recordTerminationProof(job.getJobId(),
+                        dispatchRevisionOf(job), job.getBackendId(), 
job.getBeProcessEpoch(),
+                        job.getInvocationId(), 
LanceIndexTerminationProof.BE_PROCESS_EPOCH_GONE);
+                if (recorded) {
+                    LOG.info("released possible-live slot of lance index job 
{}: backend process epoch was replaced",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                } else {
+                    LOG.warn("epoch sweep skipped lance index job {}: dispatch 
identity already moved",
+                            job.getJobId());
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warn("failed to sweep possible-live slot of lance index 
job " + job.getJobId(), t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The clock the FAILED-refresh throttle measures from: the dedicated
+     * refresh-failure timestamp, falling back to the generic update time only 
for
+     * a legacy record replayed before the field existed. Measuring from the
+     * generic time would let an unrelated transition — a CHILD_REAPED proof 
or an
+     * epoch-gone release bumping it — postpone the next retry by a full 
interval
+     * while the fence and quota stay held.
+     */
+    private static long refreshThrottledSinceMs(LanceIndexJob job) {
+        return job.getRefreshFailureTimeMs() == null ? job.getUpdateTimeMs() : 
job.getRefreshFailureTimeMs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Refresh driver for terminal jobs with an unfinished refresh obligation.
+     * Completing the refresh is the protocol duty that releases the same-name
+     * fence and the unresolved quota once DONE; it is not a read-visibility
+     * action, because index metadata is never cached. Each job is driven
+     * through markRefreshRunning, the idempotent external-table refresh, then
+     * DONE or FAILED: a FAILED job keeps its fence and is retried, throttled 
to
+     * one attempt per retry interval, while a first REQUIRED refresh is never
+     * delayed. UNKNOWN jobs never appear here; they owe no refresh.
+     */
+    private void driveRequiredRefreshes(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager, long 
nowMs) {
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : jobManager.getJobsNeedingRefresh()) {
+            try {
+                if (job.getRefreshState() == 
LanceIndexJobRefreshState.RUNNING) {
+                    // In flight elsewhere; the master-transfer sweep 
downgrades a stale
+                    // RUNNING back to REQUIRED, so a lost driver cannot 
strand it.
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (job.getRefreshState() == LanceIndexJobRefreshState.FAILED
+                        && nowMs - refreshThrottledSinceMs(job)
+                                < Config.lance_index_job_refresh_retry_second 
* 1000L) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!jobManager.markRefreshRunning(job.getJobId(), 
job.getRevision())) {
+                    // A concurrent driver won the compare-and-set; nothing to 
do here.
+                    continue;
+                }
+                driveOneRefresh(jobManager, job);
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warn("failed to drive the refresh of lance index job " + 
job.getJobId(), t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void driveOneRefresh(LanceIndexJobManager jobManager, 
LanceIndexJob job) {
+        long refreshRevision = job.getRevision() + 1;
+        CatalogIf catalog = 
Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr().getCatalog(job.getCatalogId());
+        if (catalog == null) {
+            // Unreachable while the unresolved-job guard blocks catalog 
drops; kept as a
+            // fail-closed fallback so the job still transitions and retries 
later.
+            LOG.warn("catalog of lance index job {} is gone; marking its 
refresh FAILED", job.getJobId());
+            finishRefreshTransition(jobManager, job.getJobId(), 
refreshRevision, false);
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            // A half-orphan target (its db or table already dropped 
externally) is a
+            // silent no-op: nothing is left to invalidate, and DONE is the 
correct end
+            // state for the job. The refresh is addressed by the persisted 
catalog id,
+            // never by the mutable name: a rename that hands this catalog's 
old name
+            // to a different catalog between the two resolutions must not 
refresh
+            // that one and bill the outcome to this job.
+            
Env.getCurrentEnv().getRefreshManager().handleRefreshTable(job.getCatalogId(),

Review Comment:
   done, the driver passes ignoreIfNotExists=false, so a re-resolution miss 
inside handleRefreshTable throws and the refresh converges FAILED for retry; a 
genuine drop in that window converges next round through VERIFIED_ABSENT 
(072f156f2)



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