FrankChen021 commented on code in PR #20151:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/20151#discussion_r3968993729


##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/druid/client/DirectDruidClient.java:
##########
@@ -238,11 +249,139 @@ private InputStream dequeue() throws InterruptedException
           return holder.getStream();
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Scans past leading whitespace in {@code buffer} looking for the 
first content byte, without consuming
+         * (advancing the reader index of) the buffer, and returns it. Once a 
non-whitespace byte is found, the prefix
+         * is considered resolved (see {@link #bodyPrefixResolved}) and later 
calls return null. If {@code buffer} is
+         * empty or entirely whitespace, the prefix remains unresolved (and 
null is returned) so a later call, from a
+         * subsequent chunk, can retry the check; this matters for chunked 
responses, where the initial
+         * {@link HttpResponse} can carry an empty body and the real content, 
HTML or otherwise, only arrives via
+         * {@link #handleChunk}.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        private Byte bodyPrefixByte(ChannelBuffer buffer)
+        {
+          if (bodyPrefixResolved.get()) {
+            return null;
+          }
+          final int readerIndex = buffer.readerIndex();
+          final int readable = buffer.readableBytes();
+          for (int i = 0; i < readable; i++) {
+            byte b = buffer.getByte(readerIndex + i);
+            if (b == ' ' || b == '\n' || b == '\r' || b == '\t') {
+              continue;
+            }
+            bodyPrefixResolved.set(true);
+            return b;
+          }
+          return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Classifies the body prefix in {@code buffer} (see {@link 
#bodyPrefixByte}) and fails the query if it is not
+         * JSON. HTML always fails; any other non-JSON body fails only when 
the status is 429/503, since Druid itself
+         * never sends a non-JSON body with those statuses but proxies 
routinely do (an HTML error page from nginx or
+         * a load balancer, a plain-text "upstream connect error" from Envoy). 
A JSON body, whatever the status, is
+         * left alone so that the normal parse path can surface the server's 
own structured error.
+         *
+         * @param contentType Content-Type header of the initial response, 
possibly null; a text/html value fails the
+         *                    query regardless of the body prefix
+         * @param chunkNum    0 for the initial response body, else the chunk 
number
+         */
+        private void failIfNonJsonBody(String contentType, ChannelBuffer 
buffer, long chunkNum)
+        {
+          final boolean isHtmlContentType =
+              contentType != null && 
StringUtils.toLowerCase(contentType).contains("text/html");
+          final Byte prefix = bodyPrefixByte(buffer);
+          final boolean isHtml = isHtmlContentType || (prefix != null && 
prefix == '<');
+          final boolean isNonJson = prefix != null && prefix != '{' && prefix 
!= '[';
+          final int statusCode = responseStatusCode;
+          if (isHtml || (isNonJson && (statusCode == 429 || statusCode == 
503))) {
+            throwForNonJsonBody(statusCode, contentType, buffer, chunkNum, 
isHtml);
+          }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns up to 256 characters of {@code buffer} (read from at most 
its first 512 bytes) for inclusion in an
+         * error message, without consuming the buffer.
+         */
+        private String bodyPreview(ChannelBuffer buffer)
+        {
+          final int len = Math.min(buffer.readableBytes(), 512);
+          if (len == 0) {
+            return "";
+          }
+          final byte[] previewBytes = new byte[len];
+          buffer.getBytes(buffer.readerIndex(), previewBytes);
+          final String preview = StringUtils.fromUtf8(previewBytes);
+          return preview.substring(0, Math.min(preview.length(), 256));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Fails the query because the response body is not JSON, typically an 
error page produced by a load balancer
+         * or reverse proxy sitting in front of the data server. A 429/503 
status is reported as
+         * {@link QueryCapacityExceededException} since that is what such 
intermediaries return when the server is
+         * over capacity; any other status is reported as a {@link 
QueryInterruptedException}. Either way, the caller
+         * gets a message that says what actually came back instead of a 
{@code JsonParseException} on {@code '<'}.
+         *
+         * @param statusCode  HTTP status of the initial response
+         * @param contentType Content-Type header of the initial response, 
possibly null
+         * @param buffer      the buffer in which the non-JSON body was 
detected (the initial response body or a chunk)
+         * @param chunkNum    0 if detected in the initial response body, else 
the chunk number
+         * @param isHtml      whether the body was identified as HTML 
specifically (vs. some other non-JSON content)
+         */
+        private void throwForNonJsonBody(
+            int statusCode,
+            String contentType,
+            ChannelBuffer buffer,
+            long chunkNum,
+            boolean isHtml
+        )
+        {
+          final String preview = bodyPreview(buffer);

Review Comment:
   I think the finding above from the AI may be overstated



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