hudi-agent commented on code in PR #19305:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19305#discussion_r3659654848


##########
hudi-spark-datasource/hudi-spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/hudi/functional/TestComplexKeyGenNewTableDefault.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.functional
+
+import org.apache.hudi.DataSourceWriteOptions
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieFileFormat
+import org.apache.hudi.common.testutils.{HoodieTestDataGenerator, 
HoodieTestUtils}
+import org.apache.hudi.common.testutils.RawTripTestPayload.recordsToStrings
+import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig
+import org.apache.hudi.io.storage.HoodieIOFactory
+import org.apache.hudi.keygen.KeyGenUtils
+import org.apache.hudi.storage.StoragePath
+import org.apache.hudi.testutils.HoodieSparkClientTestBase
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SaveMode
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.{AfterEach, BeforeEach, Test}
+
+import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
+
+/**
+ * Writes to a BRAND NEW table using ComplexKeyGenerator with a single record 
key field
+ * and a single partition path field, using PURE DEFAULTS for the three 
keygen-related
+ * write configs (new.encoding, auto.deduce.encoding, validation.enable are 
NOT set).
+ *
+ * Goal: empirically determine the default _hoodie_record_key format produced 
by this branch
+ * when a fresh table is written directly.
+ */
+class TestComplexKeyGenNewTableDefault extends HoodieSparkClientTestBase {
+
+  var commonOpts: Map[String, String] = Map(
+    "hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism" -> "4",
+    "hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism" -> "4",
+    DataSourceWriteOptions.PRECOMBINE_FIELD.key -> "timestamp",
+    HoodieWriteConfig.TBL_NAME.key -> "hoodie_test"
+  )
+
+  @BeforeEach
+  override def setUp(): Unit = {
+    initPath()
+    initSparkContexts()
+    initTestDataGenerator()
+    initHoodieStorage()
+  }
+
+  @AfterEach
+  override def tearDown(): Unit = {
+    cleanupResources()
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  def testNewTableDefaultKeyFormat(): Unit = {
+    val recordKeyField = "_row_key"
+    val partitionPathField = "partition"
+
+    val dataGen = new HoodieTestDataGenerator(0xDEED)
+    val records = recordsToStrings(dataGen.generateInserts("001", 
100)).asScala.toList
+    val inputDF = 
sparkSession.read.json(sparkSession.sparkContext.parallelize(records, 2))
+
+    // PURE DEFAULTS: only set keygen class + record key + partition path.
+    // Do NOT set hoodie.write.complex.keygen.new.encoding
+    // Do NOT set hoodie.write.complex.keygen.auto.deduce.encoding

Review Comment:
   🤖 nit: `testNewTableDefaultKeyFormat` only prints output — there are no 
`assert*` calls anywhere in the method, so it passes unconditionally and gives 
no regression signal. Could you convert the `println` observations into actual 
assertions (e.g. assert the aux file exists, assert `cachedEncoding` has the 
expected value)?
   
   <sub><i>⚠️ AI-generated; verify before applying. React 👍/👎 to flag 
quality.</i></sub>



##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/client/BaseHoodieWriteClient.java:
##########
@@ -1427,6 +1434,33 @@ && 
isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig)) {
     }
   }
 
+  private void handleComplexKeygenEncoding(HoodieTableMetaClient metaClient) {
+    HoodieTableConfig tableConfig = metaClient.getTableConfig();
+    if 
(!KeyGenUtils.isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (config.autoDeduceComplexKeygenEncoding()) {

Review Comment:
   🤖 This looks real — TestCreateTable.scala:973 had to add `auto.deduce=false` 
with the comment "so the explicitly configured encoding takes effect on this 
new table", which corroborates that an explicit `new.encoding=false` gets 
flipped to `true` on an empty table. Worth noting the flip is also sticky: on 
the empty-timeline path `handleComplexKeygenEncoding` writes `true` into 
`.aux/complex_key_encoding`, so it persists on subsequent writes even after the 
user notices. Letting an explicitly-set encoding take precedence over deduction 
on a new/empty table would avoid both.



##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/keygen/KeyGenUtils.java:
##########
@@ -302,4 +325,91 @@ public static boolean 
encodeSingleKeyFieldNameForComplexKeyGen(TypedProperties p
   public static boolean mayUseNewEncodingForComplexKeyGen(HoodieTableConfig 
tableConfig) {
     return isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig);
   }
+
+  public static StoragePath getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(StoragePath 
basePath) {
+    return new StoragePath(basePath, AUXILIARYFOLDER_NAME + "/" + 
COMPLEX_KEY_ENCODING_FILE_NAME);
+  }
+
+  public static Option<Boolean> 
readComplexKeyEncodingFromAuxFile(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath basePath) {
+    StoragePath encodingFilePath = getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(basePath);
+    try {
+      if (storage.exists(encodingFilePath)) {
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+        try (InputStream inputStream = storage.open(encodingFilePath)) {
+          props.load(inputStream);
+        }
+        String value = props.getProperty(COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING.key());
+        if (value != null) {
+          return Option.of(Boolean.parseBoolean(value));
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LOG.warn("Failed to read complex key encoding from aux file: {}", 
encodingFilePath, e);
+    }
+    return Option.empty();
+  }
+
+  public static void writeComplexKeyEncodingToAuxFile(HoodieStorage storage, 
StoragePath basePath, boolean useNewEncoding) {
+    StoragePath encodingFilePath = getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(basePath);
+    try {
+      Properties props = new Properties();
+      props.setProperty(COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING.key(), 
String.valueOf(useNewEncoding));
+      try (OutputStream outputStream = storage.create(encodingFilePath, true)) 
{
+        props.store(outputStream, "Complex key generator encoding format");
+      }
+      LOG.info("Wrote complex key encoding to aux file: {}", useNewEncoding);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new HoodieKeyException("Failed to write complex key encoding file 
to " + encodingFilePath, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static final boolean DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE = true;
+
+  public static boolean deduceComplexKeyEncodingFromData(HoodieTableMetaClient 
metaClient, String recordKeyFieldName) {
+    HoodieTimeline completedTimeline = 
metaClient.getActiveTimeline().getCommitsTimeline().filterCompletedInstants();
+    if (completedTimeline.empty()) {
+      LOG.info("No completed commits found in table {}; defaulting complex key 
encoding to useNewEncoding={} (new/empty table).",
+          metaClient.getBasePath(), DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE);
+      return DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      HoodieStorage storage = metaClient.getStorage();
+      FileFormatUtils fileFormatUtils = HoodieIOFactory.getIOFactory(storage)
+          .getFileFormatUtils(HoodieFileFormat.PARQUET);
+
+      List<HoodieInstant> instants = 
completedTimeline.getReverseOrderedInstants().collect(Collectors.toList());
+      for (HoodieInstant instant : instants) {
+        HoodieCommitMetadata commitMetadata = 
TimelineUtils.getCommitMetadata(instant, completedTimeline);
+        for (HoodieWriteStat writeStat : commitMetadata.getWriteStats()) {
+          String filePath = writeStat.getPath();
+          if (filePath == null || filePath.isEmpty() || 
!filePath.endsWith(".parquet")) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          StoragePath baseFilePath = new StoragePath(metaClient.getBasePath(), 
filePath);
+          if (!storage.exists(baseFilePath)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          try (ClosableIterator<HoodieKey> keyIterator = 
fileFormatUtils.getHoodieKeyIterator(storage, baseFilePath)) {
+            if (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
+              HoodieKey hoodieKey = keyIterator.next();
+              String hoodieRecordKey = hoodieKey.getRecordKey();
+              String expectedPrefix = recordKeyFieldName + 
DEFAULT_COLUMN_VALUE_SEPARATOR;
+              boolean usesNewEncoding = 
!hoodieRecordKey.startsWith(expectedPrefix);
+              LOG.info("Deduced complex key encoding from base file {} (commit 
{}): useNewEncoding={}",
+                  baseFilePath, instant.getTimestamp(), usesNewEncoding);
+              return usesNewEncoding;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      LOG.info("No base files with records found in table {}; defaulting 
complex key encoding to useNewEncoding={}.",
+          metaClient.getBasePath(), DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE);
+      return DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE;

Review Comment:
   🤖 Good catch — and I think it extends beyond MoR log-only slices: 
`deduceComplexKeyEncodingFromData` hardcodes `HoodieFileFormat.PARQUET` and 
filters on `filePath.endsWith(".parquet")`, so a table with ORC/HFile base 
files (`hoodie.table.base.file.format`) would never match a base file and would 
also fall through to the cached `useNewEncoding=true` default. For an existing 
old-encoding table that silently flips and pins the wrong encoding. Reading 
`tableConfig.getBaseFileFormat()` rather than assuming parquet, and not caching 
a guess when the timeline is non-empty but no base file was actually inspected, 
would both help.



##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/keygen/KeyGenUtils.java:
##########
@@ -302,4 +325,91 @@ public static boolean 
encodeSingleKeyFieldNameForComplexKeyGen(TypedProperties p
   public static boolean mayUseNewEncodingForComplexKeyGen(HoodieTableConfig 
tableConfig) {
     return isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig);
   }
+
+  public static StoragePath getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(StoragePath 
basePath) {
+    return new StoragePath(basePath, AUXILIARYFOLDER_NAME + "/" + 
COMPLEX_KEY_ENCODING_FILE_NAME);
+  }
+
+  public static Option<Boolean> 
readComplexKeyEncodingFromAuxFile(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath basePath) {
+    StoragePath encodingFilePath = getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(basePath);
+    try {
+      if (storage.exists(encodingFilePath)) {
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+        try (InputStream inputStream = storage.open(encodingFilePath)) {
+          props.load(inputStream);
+        }
+        String value = props.getProperty(COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING.key());
+        if (value != null) {
+          return Option.of(Boolean.parseBoolean(value));
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LOG.warn("Failed to read complex key encoding from aux file: {}", 
encodingFilePath, e);
+    }
+    return Option.empty();
+  }
+
+  public static void writeComplexKeyEncodingToAuxFile(HoodieStorage storage, 
StoragePath basePath, boolean useNewEncoding) {
+    StoragePath encodingFilePath = getComplexKeyEncodingFilePath(basePath);
+    try {
+      Properties props = new Properties();
+      props.setProperty(COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING.key(), 
String.valueOf(useNewEncoding));
+      try (OutputStream outputStream = storage.create(encodingFilePath, true)) 
{
+        props.store(outputStream, "Complex key generator encoding format");
+      }
+      LOG.info("Wrote complex key encoding to aux file: {}", useNewEncoding);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new HoodieKeyException("Failed to write complex key encoding file 
to " + encodingFilePath, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static final boolean DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE = true;
+
+  public static boolean deduceComplexKeyEncodingFromData(HoodieTableMetaClient 
metaClient, String recordKeyFieldName) {

Review Comment:
   🤖 nit: `DEFAULT_NEW_ENCODING_FOR_NEW_TABLE` is declared after several method 
definitions, but constants conventionally live at the top of the class 
alongside `NULL_RECORDKEY_PLACEHOLDER` and friends. Could you move it up there?
   
   <sub><i>⚠️ AI-generated; verify before applying. React 👍/👎 to flag 
quality.</i></sub>



##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/client/BaseHoodieWriteClient.java:
##########
@@ -1427,6 +1434,33 @@ && 
isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig)) {
     }
   }
 
+  private void handleComplexKeygenEncoding(HoodieTableMetaClient metaClient) {
+    HoodieTableConfig tableConfig = metaClient.getTableConfig();
+    if 
(!KeyGenUtils.isComplexKeyGeneratorWithSingleRecordKeyField(tableConfig)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (config.autoDeduceComplexKeygenEncoding()) {
+      if (!tableConfig.populateMetaFields()) {
+        LOG.warn("Skipping complex key encoding auto-deduction for table {} 
because meta fields are "
+            + "disabled (virtual keys); relying on the configured {}.", 
metaClient.getBasePath(),
+            HoodieWriteConfig.COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING.key());
+        return;
+      }
+      Option<Boolean> cachedEncoding = 
KeyGenUtils.readComplexKeyEncodingFromAuxFile(
+          metaClient.getStorage(), metaClient.getBasePath());
+      if (cachedEncoding.isPresent()) {
+        config.setValue(HoodieWriteConfig.COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING, 
String.valueOf(cachedEncoding.get()));
+        LOG.info("Using cached complex key encoding from aux file: {}", 
cachedEncoding.get());
+      } else {
+        String recordKeyField = tableConfig.getRecordKeyFields().get()[0];
+        boolean deducedEncoding = 
KeyGenUtils.deduceComplexKeyEncodingFromData(metaClient, recordKeyField);
+        KeyGenUtils.writeComplexKeyEncodingToAuxFile(metaClient.getStorage(), 
metaClient.getBasePath(), deducedEncoding);
+        config.setValue(HoodieWriteConfig.COMPLEX_KEYGEN_NEW_ENCODING, 
String.valueOf(deducedEncoding));

Review Comment:
   🤖 Confirmed on both paths from the code: Flink's `RowDataKeyGen` reads the 
encoding from `OptionsResolver.useComplexKeygenNewEncoding(conf)` at 
construction time (RowDataKeyGen.java:160), and the Spark row-writer builds its 
own `writeConfig` via `getBulkInsertRowConfig(hoodieConfig, ...)` 
(HoodieSparkSqlWriter.java:905). Both are separate from the 
`BaseHoodieWriteClient.config` that `handleComplexKeygenEncoding` mutates, so 
neither observes the deduced value — meaning the aux cache and the actual 
written keys can disagree. Gating those paths, or threading the deduced 
encoding into `hoodieConfig`/the Flink `Configuration`, looks necessary here.



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