voonhous commented on code in PR #18961:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/18961#discussion_r3843788548


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hudi-client/hudi-spark-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/storage/row/VariantShreddingInferenceInternalRowFileWriter.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.io.storage.row;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.SparkAdapterSupport$;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.avro.VariantShreddingSchemaInferrer;
+import 
org.apache.hudi.common.avro.VariantShreddingSchemaInferrer.VariantSample;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.schema.HoodieSchema;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.CloseableUtils;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.DefaultSizeEstimator;
+import org.apache.hudi.core.io.storage.VariantShreddingInferenceFileWriter;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.UnsafeRow;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructField;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;
+import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link HoodieInternalRowFileWriter} decorator that infers a per-file 
variant shredding
+ * schema from the first rows before opening the real parquet writer; the 
row-writer-path
+ * sibling of {@link VariantShreddingInferenceFileWriter}, sharing its 
buffering thresholds and
+ * failure semantics.
+ *
+ * <p>Meta columns including the commit seqno are composed into the row by the 
handle BEFORE
+ * {@code writeRow}, so ordered replay is value-exact here by construction. 
Rows and keys are
+ * copied because Spark iterators reuse their instances.</p>
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class VariantShreddingInferenceInternalRowFileWriter implements 
HoodieInternalRowFileWriter {
+
+  private static final int SIZE_ESTIMATE_INTERVAL = 100;
+
+  /** Creates the real row file writer once the inferred typed_value schemas 
are known. */
+  @FunctionalInterface
+  public interface InferredRowWriterFactory {
+    HoodieInternalRowFileWriter create(Map<String, HoodieSchema> 
inferredTypedValues) throws IOException;
+  }
+
+  private final List<String> variantColumns;
+  private final int[] ordinals;
+  private final VariantShreddingSchemaInferrer inferrer;
+  private final InferredRowWriterFactory writerFactory;
+  private final long maxBufferedBytes;
+  private final DefaultSizeEstimator<InternalRow> sizeEstimator = new 
DefaultSizeEstimator<>();
+
+  private final List<BufferedRow> buffer = new ArrayList<>();
+  private final List<VariantSample[]> samples = new ArrayList<>();
+  private long bufferedBytes = 0;
+  private long estimatedRowSize = 0;
+  private long estimatedRowCount = 0;
+  private HoodieInternalRowFileWriter delegate;
+  private IOException fatalFailure;
+  private boolean closed = false;
+
+  public VariantShreddingInferenceInternalRowFileWriter(List<String> 
variantColumns,
+                                                        int[] ordinals,
+                                                        
VariantShreddingSchemaInferrer inferrer,
+                                                        
InferredRowWriterFactory writerFactory,
+                                                        long maxFileSize) {
+    this.variantColumns = variantColumns;
+    this.ordinals = ordinals;
+    this.inferrer = inferrer;
+    this.writerFactory = writerFactory;
+    this.maxBufferedBytes = 
Math.min(VariantShreddingInferenceFileWriter.MAX_BUFFERED_BYTES, Math.max(1, 
maxFileSize));
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves the buffer ordinal of each variant column in {@code 
structType}; -1 when absent. */
+  public static int[] resolveOrdinals(StructType structType, List<String> 
columnNames) {
+    int[] ordinals = new int[columnNames.size()];
+    StructField[] fields = structType.fields();
+    for (int i = 0; i < columnNames.size(); i++) {
+      ordinals[i] = -1;
+      for (int j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {
+        if (fields[j].name().equals(columnNames.get(i))) {
+          ordinals[i] = j;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return ordinals;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean canWrite() {
+    // Nothing has been physically written while buffering, so size-based 
rollover cannot apply yet.
+    return delegate == null || delegate.canWrite();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeRow(UTF8String key, InternalRow row) throws IOException {
+    rethrowIfFailed();
+    if (delegate != null) {
+      delegate.writeRow(key, row);
+    } else {
+      // copy(): Spark iterators reuse key instances.
+      buffer(key == null ? null : key.copy(), true, row);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeRow(InternalRow row) throws IOException {
+    rethrowIfFailed();
+    if (delegate != null) {
+      delegate.writeRow(row);
+    } else {
+      buffer(null, false, row);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() throws IOException {
+    if (closed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    closed = true;
+    boolean delegateClosed = false;
+    try {
+      rethrowIfFailed();
+      // Materialize even with an empty buffer: handles expect the file to 
exist at close.
+      materialize();
+      // Mark before close() so a throwing delegate.close() surfaces, not 
retried in the catch.
+      delegateClosed = true;
+      delegate.close();
+    } catch (IOException | RuntimeException | Error e) {
+      // Error included: materialize() rethrows the Error it latches, and the 
delegate it
+      // created must still be closed.
+      if (delegate != null && !delegateClosed) {
+        // HoodieInternalRowFileWriter is not an AutoCloseable, hence the 
method reference.
+        CloseableUtils.closeSuppressing(delegate::close, e);
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void buffer(UTF8String key, boolean withKey, InternalRow row) throws 
IOException {
+    rethrowIfFailed();
+    InternalRow copied = row.copy();
+    samples.add(extractSamples(copied));
+    buffer.add(new BufferedRow(key, withKey, copied));
+    chargeSize(copied);
+    if (buffer.size() >= 
VariantShreddingInferenceFileWriter.MAX_BUFFERED_RECORDS || bufferedBytes >= 
maxBufferedBytes) {
+      materialize();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private VariantSample[] extractSamples(InternalRow row) {
+    VariantSample[] out = new VariantSample[ordinals.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < ordinals.length; i++) {
+      if (ordinals[i] >= 0) {
+        out[i] = 
SparkAdapterSupport$.MODULE$.sparkAdapter().extractVariantBinary(row, 
ordinals[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** Charges {@code row} against the byte cap: an exact size for an 
UnsafeRow, an estimate otherwise. */
+  private void chargeSize(InternalRow row) {
+    if (row instanceof UnsafeRow) {
+      bufferedBytes += ((UnsafeRow) row).getSizeInBytes();
+      return;
+    }
+    // Re-estimate periodically so a small first row cannot defeat the byte cap
+    // (same moving-average idiom as ExternalSpillableMap).
+    estimatedRowCount++;
+    if (estimatedRowSize == 0 || estimatedRowCount % SIZE_ESTIMATE_INTERVAL == 
0) {
+      long previous = estimatedRowSize;
+      long sampled = Math.max(1, sizeEstimator.sizeEstimate(row));
+      estimatedRowSize = estimatedRowSize == 0
+          ? sampled : (long) (estimatedRowSize * 0.9 + sampled * 0.1);
+      // Rescale the rows already charged at the old estimate, or the cap 
would trip late once the
+      // estimate grew. Only the estimated ones: the UnsafeRow branch above 
charges exact sizes.
+      bufferedBytes += (estimatedRowCount - 1) * (estimatedRowSize - previous);

Review Comment:
   Added `testUnsafeRowChargesSurviveReEstimation`: an UnsafeRow interleaved 
among 100 estimated rows, cap at its size plus 100 rows' worth less a slack 
under that size. Red-checked: with the record writer's absolute assignment the 
UnsafeRow's bytes are dropped and the cap is never met.



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